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. 2008 Mar;89(Pt 3):697-702.
doi: 10.1099/vir.0.83419-0.

H5N1 avian influenza re-emergence of Lake Qinghai: phylogenetic and antigenic analyses of the newly isolated viruses and roles of migratory birds in virus circulation

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H5N1 avian influenza re-emergence of Lake Qinghai: phylogenetic and antigenic analyses of the newly isolated viruses and roles of migratory birds in virus circulation

Guihua Wang et al. J Gen Virol. 2008 Mar.

Abstract

Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus has swept west across the globe and caused serious debates on the roles of migratory birds in virus circulation since the first large-scale outbreak in migratory birds of Lake Qinghai, 2005. In May 2006, another outbreak struck Lake Qinghai and six novel strains were isolated. To elucidate these QH06 viruses, the six isolates were subjected to whole-genome sequencing. Phylogenetic analyses show that QH06 viruses are derived from the lineages of Lake Qinghai, 2005. Five of the six novel isolates are adjacent to the strain A/Cygnus olor/Croatia/1/05, and the last one is related to the strain A/duck/Novosibirsk/02/05, an isolate of the flyway. Antigenic analyses suggest that QH06 and QH05 viruses are similar to each other. These findings implicate that QH06 viruses of Lake Qinghai may travel back via migratory birds, though not ruling out the possibility of local circulation of viruses of Lake Qinghai.

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Figures

Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Phylogenetic analyses of HA, NA segments of H5N1 influenza viruses. All the viruses consist of QH06 viruses, QH05 viruses and isolates from countries of Asia, Europe and Africa along migratory bird flyway. The phylogenetic tree was generated using the neighbour-joining method. Analyses were based on nucleotides of full-length sequences. The bootstrap values are at branch points. QH06 viruses are labelled in red, QH05 viruses are labelled in green and isolates from countries across the flyway are labelled in blue.
Fig. 2.
Fig. 2.
The potential routes of migratory birds from 2005 to 2006. Three flyways are shaded in green, blue and cyan, respectively. The red and blue dots illustrate the H5N1 occurrence. The arrows in red, green and purple denote the directions of the migratory birds. The coloured shadows are the ranges of different flyways. The grey arrow in Europe represents the cold weather. The cartoon birds highlight the congregation area of the wild birds from three different flyways.

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