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Review
. 2007 Aug 29;362(1484):1313-20.
doi: 10.1098/rstb.2007.2117.

Biological matrices and bionanotechnology

Patricia M Taylor  1
Affiliations
Review

Biological matrices and bionanotechnology

Patricia M Taylor. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. .

Abstract

A crucial step towards the goal of tissue engineering a heart valve will be the choice of scaffold onto which an appropriate cell phenotype can be seeded. Successful scaffold materials should be amenable to modification, have a controlled degradation, be compatible with the cells, lack cytotoxicity and not elicit an immune or inflammatory response. In addition, the scaffold should induce appropriate responses from the cells seeded onto it, such as cell attachment, proliferation and remodelling capacity, all of which should promote the formation of a tissue construct that can mimic the structure and function of the native valve. This paper discusses the various biological scaffolds that have been considered and are being studied for use in tissue engineering a heart valve. Also, strategies to enhance the biological communication between the scaffold and the cells seeded onto it as well as the use of bionanotechnology in the manufacture of scaffolds possessing the desired properties will be discussed.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Human aortic valve stained with Miller's elastin, alcian blue and sirius red, showing leaflet hinge to coapting edge at (a) low power and (b,c) areas identified by the boxes at higher power. The ventricularis, spongiosa and fibrosa can be discerned. Elastin is stained purple, glycosaminoglycans (proteoglycans) pale blue and collagen pink. Asterisk denotes ventricular side of the leaflet.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Scanning electron micrographs of 1% bovine type I collagen scaffolds seeded with aortic valve interstitial cells (IC) and cultured for 28 days.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Scanning electron micrograph showing interaction of a human osteosarcoma cell (bottom left) with multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Cells attached to and spread across the carbon nanotubes.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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