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. 2007 Jan-Jun;21(1-2):45-58.
doi: 10.1080/01677060701247375.

Effects of mutant Drosophila K+ channel subunits on habituation of the olfactory jump response

M A Joiner  1 , Z Asztalos, C J Jones, T Tully, C-F Wu
Affiliations

Effects of mutant Drosophila K+ channel subunits on habituation of the olfactory jump response

M A Joiner et al. J Neurogenet. 2007 Jan-Jun.

Abstract

The olfactory-jump response assay was used to analyze habituation in Drosophila mutants of potassium (K(+)) channel subunits. As with physiological assays of the giant fiber-mediated escape reflex, mutations at loci that encode K(+) channel subunits have distinct effects on habituating the olfactory-jump response. The data for slowpoke and ether à go-go indicate similar effects on habituation of the olfactory-jump response and the giant fiber-mediated escape. Habituation in the olfactory jump assay in Hyperkinetic and Shaker mutants was drastically different from the degree of defect in the giant fiber-mediated escape reflex, indicating differential control mechanisms underlying the two forms of non-associative conditioning.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Neural pathway for habituation in response to odors. Flies tested in the olfactory-jump habituation receive an odor stimulus through the third antennal segment (A). Sensory neurons project via the antennal nerve (AN) to the antennal glomeruli (AG) (for a review of the olfactory system see Jefferis & Hummel, 2006). The antennal glomeruli tract (AGT) projects from the AG, however, the specific neural tracts downstream of this are not well defined. The mushroom bodies (MB) are involved in olfactory learning and receive olfactory information via the AGT that projects to the calyx (C) (Jefferis et al., 2002; Tanaka et al., 2004; Jefferis & Hummel, 2006). The AGT sends dendrites into the lateral protocerebrum (LP). Further, cross-modal connections occur between the olfactory system and visual inputs, which may interact in the LP (Guo and Guo, 2005). The olfactory jump response uses an alternate neural fiber (ANF) to the giant fiber (GF) for the neural pathway downstream of the central brain (Allen et al., 1999). Chemical synapses between the ANF and interacting motor neurons (Mn) are indicated by opposing triangles. The TTMn project to the muscle affecting the mesothoracic legs, while the DLMn, DVMn and paMn are involved in different aspects of wing muscle depression and lift (Allen et al., 2006). r = retina, CCp = central complex, CCn = cervical connective.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Habituation scores in response to a repeated odor pulse. A. Flies tested with 5% benzaldehyde presented as the mean trials to criterion (TTC * SEM). Habituation occurred when a criterion of 4 consecutive failures to jump in response to odor pulses was reached (described in MATERIALS AND METHODS). ***p < 0.0001. B. Flies tested with 10% benzaldehyde. *p < 0.05. The number of flies tested is written on the bar for each genotype.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Comparison of habituation between the olfactory-jump response and the giant fiber-mediated escape reflex. A. Rate of habituation for genotypes tested by an odor response (Figure 2). B. Rate of habituation for genotypes tested by an electrical stimulation directed across the brain via neurons afferent to the giant fiber (Engel & Wu, 1998). Slowest to fastest is left to right.
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