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Review
. 2006 Feb;7(2):131-7.
doi: 10.1038/ni1303.

Innate immune recognition of viral infection

Taro Kawai  1 , Shizuo Akira
Affiliations
Review

Innate immune recognition of viral infection

Taro Kawai et al. Nat Immunol. 2006 Feb.

Abstract

Induction of the antiviral innate immune response depends on recognition of viral components by host pattern-recognition receptors. Members of the Toll-like receptor family have emerged as key sensors that recognize viral components such as nucleic acids. Toll-like receptor signaling results in the production of type I interferon and inflammatory cytokines and leads to dendritic cell maturation and establishment of antiviral immunity. Cells also express cytoplasmic RNA helicases that function as alternative pattern-recognition receptors through recognition of double-stranded RNA produced during virus replication. These two classes of pattern-recognition receptor molecules are expressed in different intracellular compartments and induce type I interferon responses via distinct signaling pathways.

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