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. 2005 Mar;43(3):1086-92.
doi: 10.1128/JCM.43.3.1086-1092.2005.

Molecular epidemiology of norovirus infections in Stockholm, Sweden, during the years 2000 to 2003: association of the GGIIb genetic cluster with infection in children

Annika Tiveljung Lindell  1 , Lena Grillner, Lennart Svensson, Benita Zweygberg Wirgart
Affiliations

Molecular epidemiology of norovirus infections in Stockholm, Sweden, during the years 2000 to 2003: association of the GGIIb genetic cluster with infection in children

Annika Tiveljung Lindell et al. J Clin Microbiol. 2005 Mar.

Abstract

The incidence of norovirus-associated gastroenteritis and the molecular epidemiology of norovirus strains were studied during three seasons (2000-2001, 2001-2002, and 2002-2003) among patients of all ages, mainly from the Stockholm region in Sweden. A total of 3,252 fecal samples were analyzed by reverse transcription-PCR. The incidences of norovirus infection among adults were 23, 26, and 30% during the three seasons studied and 18, 11, and 15% among children 0 to 15 years of age. During the first season, all norovirus strains detected by PCR were typed either by reverse line blot hybridization or nucleotide sequence analysis. During the two successive seasons, a total of 60 norovirus-positive strains from the beginning, peak, and end of the seasons were selected for nucleotide sequence analysis. We identified two dominant norovirus variants over the seasons: a new norovirus variant, recently described as the GGIIb genetic cluster, dominated among children during the first season, and during the following two seasons, a GGII-4 variant dominated. Our data suggest that norovirus infections are common, not only among adults, but also among children, and that some strains may predominantly affect children.

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Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Prevalences of norovirus infections during three successive seasons (2000 to 2003).
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
Number of norovirus-infected children in relation to total number of diagnosed patients.
FIG. 3.
FIG. 3.
Phylogenetic analysis of genogroup II norovirus strains from 2000-2001, 2001-2002, and 2002-2003 seasons. The phylogenetic tree was based on 310 nucleotides from the polymerase gene and was generated by the neighbor-joining method using Mega2.1 software. The strain identities precede the accession numbers.
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