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. 2004 Sep;48(9):3591-3.
doi: 10.1128/AAC.48.9.3591-3593.2004.

Combination therapy using sodium antimony gluconate in stearylamine-bearing liposomes against established and chronic Leishmania donovani infection in BALB/c Mice

Swati Pal  1 , Rajesh Ravindran, Nahid Ali
Affiliations

Combination therapy using sodium antimony gluconate in stearylamine-bearing liposomes against established and chronic Leishmania donovani infection in BALB/c Mice

Swati Pal et al. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2004 Sep.

Abstract

In this work we report the activity seen with combination therapy using sodium antimony gluconate in liposomes composed of egg phosphatidyl choline and stearylamine for elimination of Leishmania donovani parasites from the liver and spleen of BALB/c mice with established and chronic infections.

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Figures

FIG. 1.
FIG. 1.
Effect of different phospholipids with SA-bearing liposomes on the survival of L. donovani amastigotes in mouse peritoneal macrophages. Cells were infected with L. donovani promastigotes and incubated with 88 μg/ml concentrations of DPPC-SA (A), DSPC-SA (B), DMPC-SA (C), and PC-SA (D) or an equivalent amount of respective neutral liposomes or PBS for 0 to 96 h at 37°C. Data represent the means ± standard errors from triplicate coverglasses of one experiment representative of two performed.
FIG. 2.
FIG. 2.
Activities of empty PC-SA liposomes, free SAG, and PC-SA-encapsulated SAG against L. donovani amastigotes in resident peritoneal macrophages from BALB/c mice. Cells were infected with L. donovani promastigotes and incubated with increasing concentrations of PC-SA (A), SAG (B), and PC-SA-entrapped SAG (C) for 72 h at 37°C. Levels of infection efficiency (percent infected cells [top panels]), intracellular growth (parasites per infected cell [middle panels]), and parasite survival (parasite per 100 cells [bottom panels]) of drug-treated cells are shown. Infected control macrophages contained 8.03 ± 0.117 amastigotes per macrophage. The bars show the standard errors for three replicates and are representative of two independent experiments.
FIG. 3.
FIG. 3.
Combined therapy with PC-SA liposomes, free SAG, and PC-SA-encapsulated SAG for treatment of established and chronic murine VL. Eight-week-infected BALB/c mice were treated intravenously with a single dose of 22 mg of empty PC-SA liposomes or free SAG (16 mg/kg of body weight) or an equivalent dose of SAG entrapped in 22 mg of PC-SA liposomes. Control infected animals received only PBS. (A and B) Mice were sacrificed on days 1, 15, and 30 posttreatment. Levels of parasite burden in liver (A) and spleen (B) are expressed in Leishman Donovan units. (C and D) In the second set, efficacy of the combination therapy for treatment of heavy parasite infection was assessed (12 weeks). Liver (C) and spleen (D) parasite loads after 1 month of treatment are shown in Leishman Donovan units. Values represent the means ± standard errors of the means for four animals per group per time point.
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