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. 2004 Aug;137(2):305-12.
doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2004.02528.x.

Immunomodulation by roquinimex decreases the expression of IL-23 (p19) mRNA in the brains of herpes simplex virus type 1 infected BALB/c mice

J Peltoniemi  1 , E K Broberg, A Halenius, N Setala, J-P Eralinna, A A Salmi, M Roytta, V Hukkanen
Affiliations

Immunomodulation by roquinimex decreases the expression of IL-23 (p19) mRNA in the brains of herpes simplex virus type 1 infected BALB/c mice

J Peltoniemi et al. Clin Exp Immunol. 2004 Aug.

Abstract

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) is a common neurotropic virus which infects epithelial cells and subsequently the trigeminal ganglia (TG) and brain tissue. We studied how immunomodulation with roquinimex (Linomide) affects the course of corneal HSV infection in BALB/c mice. BALB/c mice have also been used in a model for HSV-based vectors in treating an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). We addressed the questions of how immunomodulation affects the local as well as the systemic immune response and whether roquinimex could facilitate the spread of HSV to the CNS. The cytokine response in the brain and TG was studied using a quantitative rapid real-time RT-PCR method. We were interested in whether immunomodulation affects the expression of the recently described Th1-cytokine IL-23p19 in the brain and TG. The expression of IL-23 mRNA was decreased in brains of roquinimex-treated BALB/c mice. Also the expression of IL-12p35 and IFN-gamma mRNAs decreased. No significant changes were seen in IL-4 and IL-10 mRNA expression. The cytokine response was also studied using supernatants of stimulated splenocytes by EIA. Roquinimex treatment suppressed the production of IFN-gamma and also the production of IL-10 in HSV-infected BALB/c mice.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Cytokine mRNA expression in brains of roquinimex-treated HSV-1-infected (formula image) and nontreated HSV-1-infected BALB/c mice (▪). (a)IL-23. (b)IL-12p35. (c)IL-12p40. (d)IFN-γ. (e)IL-4. (f)IL-10. Results are indicated in the logarithmic scale as mean copy numbers, and standard deviations are shown. Copy numbers were detected by rapid real-time RT-PCR in brain samples of four to five mice of specific groups. The statistical analysis was performed by Mann–Whitney U-test, *P < 0·05, **P < 0·01. Comparison was done between roquinimex-treated HSV-1-infected (formula image) and nontreated HSV-1-infected (▪) at all time points. Some of the mRNA values were found to be zero (e,f).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Distribution of spleen cell subsets on day 10 p.i. of roquinimex-treated HSV-1-infected (formula image) and HSV-1-infected nontreated (▪) BALB/c mice. Results are indicated as an average of percentages of spleen cell subsets. The statistical analysis was performed by anova test, *P < 0·05. SD are shown.
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