Skip to main content
PMC home page
The EMBO Journal logoLink to The EMBO Journal
. 1985 Sep;4(9):2329–2336. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03934.x

The release of growth arrest by microinjection of adenovirus E1A DNA.

S Stabel, P Argos, L Philipson
PMCID: PMC554505  PMID: 3000772

Abstract

The induction of DNA synthesis in growth-arrested mouse fibroblasts (NIH 3T3) was studied by microinjection of different constructs of adenovirus DNA using SV40 DNA and plasmid DNA as positive and negative controls. The E1A region of adenovirus types 2 and 12 appears to be sufficient to induce cellular DNA synthesis after growth arrest in approximately 30% of the cells and both 13S and 12S cDNA constructs mediate this effect. The presence of the E1A protein products as assayed by immunofluorescence does not strictly correlate with the induction of DNA synthesis in microinjected cells in contrast to the SV40 large T-antigen. Microinjection of truncated fragments of the Ad12 E1A region suggests, however, that the protein products of 12S and 13S may be involved in the induction process. A sequence comparison of the SV40 T-antigen and the adenovirus E1A products identified a region of significant homology providing a basis for a hypothesis concerning the evolution of T-antigen genes in DNA viruses.

Full text

PDF
2329

Images in this article

2330Fig. 1.
on p.2330
2332Fig. 3.
on p.2332

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Ansorge W. Improved system for capillary microinjection into living cells. Exp Cell Res. 1982 Jul;140(1):31–37. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(82)90152-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Argos P. Evidence for a repeating domain in type I restriction enzymes. EMBO J. 1985 May;4(5):1351–1355. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb03784.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Argos P., Hanei M., Wilson J. M., Kelley W. N. A possible nucleotide-binding domain in the tertiary fold of phosphoribosyltransferases. J Biol Chem. 1983 May 25;258(10):6450–6457. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Armelin H. A., Armelin M. C., Kelly K., Stewart T., Leder P., Cochran B. H., Stiles C. D. Functional role for c-myc in mitogenic response to platelet-derived growth factor. Nature. 1984 Aug 23;310(5979):655–660. doi: 10.1038/310655a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Baker C. C., Ziff E. B. Biogenesis, structures, and sites of encoding of the 5' termini of adenovirus-2 mRNAs. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1980;44(Pt 1):415–428. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1980.044.01.045. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Baker C. C., Ziff E. B. Promoters and heterogeneous 5' termini of the messenger RNAs of adenovirus serotype 2. J Mol Biol. 1981 Jun 25;149(2):189–221. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(81)90298-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Bernards R., Houweling A., Schrier P. I., Bos J. L., Van der Eb A. J. Characterization of cells transformed by Ad5/Ad12 hybrid early region I plasmids. Virology. 1982 Jul 30;120(2):422–432. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90042-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Birnboim H. C. A rapid alkaline extraction method for the isolation of plasmid DNA. Methods Enzymol. 1983;100:243–255. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)00059-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Bos J. L., Jochemsen A. G., Bernards R., Schrier P. I., van Ormondt H., van der Eb A. J. Deletion mutants of region E1a of AD12 E1 plasmids: effect on oncogenic transformation. Virology. 1983 Sep;129(2):393–400. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90178-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Braithwaite A. W., Cheetham B. F., Li P., Parish C. R., Waldron-Stevens L. K., Bellett A. J. Adenovirus-induced alterations of the cell growth cycle: a requirement for expression of E1A but not of E1B. J Virol. 1983 Jan;45(1):192–199. doi: 10.1128/jvi.45.1.192-199.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Braithwaite A. W., Murray J. D., Bellett A. J. Alterations to controls of cellular DNA synthesis by adenovirus infection. J Virol. 1981 Aug;39(2):331–340. doi: 10.1128/jvi.39.2.331-340.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Carlock L. R., Jones N. C. Transformation-defective mutant of adenovirus type 5 containing a single altered E1a mRNA species. J Virol. 1981 Dec;40(3):657–664. doi: 10.1128/jvi.40.3.657-664.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Conrad S. E., Botchan M. R. Isolation and characterization of human DNA fragments with nucleotide sequence homologies with the simian virus 40 regulatory region. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Aug;2(8):949–965. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.8.949. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Devare S. G., Reddy E. P., Law J. D., Robbins K. C., Aaronson S. A. Nucleotide sequence of the simian sarcoma virus genome: demonstration that its acquired cellular sequences encode the transforming gene product p28sis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Feb;80(3):731–735. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.3.731. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Doerfler W., Lundholm U., Hirsch-Kauffmann M. Intracellular forms of adenovirus deoxyribonucleic acid. I. Evidence for a deoxyribonucleic acid-protein complex in baby hamster kidney cells infected with adenovirus type 12. J Virol. 1972 Feb;9(2):297–308. doi: 10.1128/jvi.9.2.297-308.1972. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Doolittle R. F., Hunkapiller M. W., Hood L. E., Devare S. G., Robbins K. C., Aaronson S. A., Antoniades H. N. Simian sarcoma virus onc gene, v-sis, is derived from the gene (or genes) encoding a platelet-derived growth factor. Science. 1983 Jul 15;221(4607):275–277. doi: 10.1126/science.6304883. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Fey G., Lewis J. B., Grodzicker T., Bothwell A. Characterization of a fused protein specified by the adenovirus type 2-simian virus 40 hybrid Ad2+ND1 dp2. J Virol. 1979 Apr;30(1):201–217. doi: 10.1128/jvi.30.1.201-217.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Floros J., Jonak G., Galanti N., Baserga R. Induction of cell DNA replication in G1-specific ts mutants by microinjection of SV40 DNA. Exp Cell Res. 1981 Mar;132(1):215–223. doi: 10.1016/0014-4827(81)90097-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Gilbert W. Genes-in-pieces revisited. Science. 1985 May 17;228(4701):823–824. doi: 10.1126/science.4001923. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Graham F. L., Harrison T., Williams J. Defective transforming capacity of adenovirus type 5 host-range mutants. Virology. 1978 May 1;86(1):10–21. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(78)90003-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Haley K. P., Overhauser J., Babiss L. E., Ginsberg H. S., Jones N. C. Transformation properties of type 5 adenovirus mutants that differentially express the E1A gene products. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Sep;81(18):5734–5738. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.18.5734. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Hearing P., Shenk T. The adenovirus type 5 E1A transcriptional control region contains a duplicated enhancer element. Cell. 1983 Jul;33(3):695–703. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90012-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Hurwitz D. R., Chinnadurai G. Evidence that a second tumor antigen coded by adenovirus early gene region E1a is required for efficient cell transformation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Jan;82(1):163–167. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.1.163. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Hyland J. K., Hirschhorn R. R., Avignolo C., Mercer W. E., Ohta M., Galanti N., Jonak G. J., Baserga R. Microinjected pBR322 stimulates cellular DNA synthesis in Swiss 3T3 cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jan;81(2):400–404. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.2.400. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Josephs S. F., Ratner L., Clarke M. F., Westin E. H., Reitz M. S., Wong-Staal F. Transforming potential of human c-sis nucleotide sequences encoding platelet-derived growth factor. Science. 1984 Aug 10;225(4662):636–639. doi: 10.1126/science.6740330. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Kao H. T., Capasso O., Heintz N., Nevins J. R. Cell cycle control of the human HSP70 gene: implications for the role of a cellular E1A-like function. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Apr;5(4):628–633. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.4.628. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Kimelman D., Miller J. S., Porter D., Roberts B. E. E1a regions of the human adenoviruses and of the highly oncogenic simian adenovirus 7 are closely related. J Virol. 1985 Feb;53(2):399–409. doi: 10.1128/jvi.53.2.399-409.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Land H., Parada L. F., Weinberg R. A. Tumorigenic conversion of primary embryo fibroblasts requires at least two cooperating oncogenes. Nature. 1983 Aug 18;304(5927):596–602. doi: 10.1038/304596a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Leff T., Elkaim R., Goding C. R., Jalinot P., Sassone-Corsi P., Perricaudet M., Kédinger C., Chambon P. Individual products of the adenovirus 12S and 13S EIa mRNAs stimulate viral EIIa and EIII expression at the transcriptional level. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1984 Jul;81(14):4381–4385. doi: 10.1073/pnas.81.14.4381. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Montell C., Courtois G., Eng C., Berk A. Complete transformation by adenovirus 2 requires both E1A proteins. Cell. 1984 Apr;36(4):951–961. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90045-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Montell C., Fisher E. F., Caruthers M. H., Berk A. J. Resolving the functions of overlapping viral genes by site-specific mutagenesis at a mRNA splice site. Nature. 1982 Feb 4;295(5848):380–384. doi: 10.1038/295380a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Mueller C., Graessmann A., Graessmann M. Mapping of early SV40-specific functions by microinjection of different early viral DNA fragments. Cell. 1978 Oct;15(2):579–585. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90026-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Mulligan R. C., Berg P. Expression of a bacterial gene in mammalian cells. Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1422–1427. doi: 10.1126/science.6251549. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Murray J. D., Braithwaite A. W., Taylor I. W., Bellett A. J. Adenovirus-induced alterations of the cell growth cycle: effects of mutations in early regions E2A and E2B. J Virol. 1982 Dec;44(3):1072–1075. doi: 10.1128/jvi.44.3.1072-1075.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Pawlita M., Clad A., zur Hausen H. Complete DNA sequence of lymphotropic papovavirus: prototype of a new species of the polyomavirus genus. Virology. 1985 May;143(1):196–211. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(85)90108-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Perricaudet M., Akusjärvi G., Virtanen A., Pettersson U. Structure of two spliced mRNAs from the transforming region of human subgroup C adenoviruses. Nature. 1979 Oct 25;281(5733):694–696. doi: 10.1038/281694a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Perricaudet M., Le Moullec J. M., Pettersson U. Predicted structure of two adenovirus tumor antigens. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jul;77(7):3778–3782. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.7.3778. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Ricciardi R. P., Jones R. L., Cepko C. L., Sharp P. A., Roberts B. E. Expression of early adenovirus genes requires a viral encoded acidic polypeptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Oct;78(10):6121–6125. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.10.6121. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Rossini M., Jonak G. J., Baserga R. Identification of adenovirus 2 early genes required for induction of cellular DNA synthesis in resting hamster cells. J Virol. 1981 Jun;38(3):982–986. doi: 10.1128/jvi.38.3.982-986.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Rossini M., Weinmann R., Baserga R. DNA synthesis in temperature-sensitive mutants of the cell cycle infected by polyoma virus and adenovirus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Sep;76(9):4441–4445. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4441. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Rossmann M. G., Argos P. Protein folding. Annu Rev Biochem. 1981;50:497–532. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.50.070181.002433. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Ruley H. E. Adenovirus early region 1A enables viral and cellular transforming genes to transform primary cells in culture. Nature. 1983 Aug 18;304(5927):602–606. doi: 10.1038/304602a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Rüther U. pUR 250 allows rapid chemical sequencing of both DNA strands of its inserts. Nucleic Acids Res. 1982 Oct 11;10(19):5765–5772. doi: 10.1093/nar/10.19.5765. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Schnipper L. E., Lewis A. M., Jr, Levine A. S. Induction of cellular DNA synthesis by the nondefective Adenovirus 2-Simian virus 40 hybrid viruses. J Virol. 1973 Oct;12(4):940–943. doi: 10.1128/jvi.12.4.940-943.1973. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Scott M. O., Kimelman D., Norris D., Ricciardi R. P. Production of a monospecific antiserum against the early region 1A proteins of adenovirus 12 and adenovirus 5 by an adenovirus 12 early region 1A-beta-galactosidase fusion protein antigen expressed in bacteria. J Virol. 1984 Jun;50(3):895–903. doi: 10.1128/jvi.50.3.895-903.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Seif I., Khoury G., Dhar R. The genome of human papovavirus BKV. Cell. 1979 Dec;18(4):963–977. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90209-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Shimojo H., Yamashita T. Induction of DNA synthesis by adenoviruses in contact-inhibited hamster cells. Virology. 1968 Nov;36(3):422–433. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(68)90167-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Spindler K. R., Eng C. Y., Berk A. J. An adenovirus early region 1A protein is required for maximal viral DNA replication in growth-arrested human cells. J Virol. 1985 Mar;53(3):742–750. doi: 10.1128/jvi.53.3.742-750.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Strohl W. A. The response of BHK21 cells to infection with type 12 adenovirus. II. Relationship of virus-stimulated DNA synthesis to other viral functions. Virology. 1969 Dec;39(4):653–665. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(69)90004-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Sugisaki H., Sugimoto K., Takanami M., Shiroki K., Saito I., Shimojo H., Sawada Y., Uemizu Y., Uesugi S., Fujinaga K. Structure and gene organization in the transformed Hind III-G fragment of Ad12. Cell. 1980 Jul;20(3):777–786. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(80)90324-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Svensson C., Akusjärvi G. Adenovirus 2 early region 1A stimulates expression of both viral and cellular genes. EMBO J. 1984 Apr;3(4):789–794. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01886.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Svensson C., Pettersson U., Akusjärvi G. Splicing of adenovirus 2 early region 1A mRNAs is non-sequential. J Mol Biol. 1983 Apr 15;165(3):475–495. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80214-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Südhof T. C., Goldstein J. L., Brown M. S., Russell D. W. The LDL receptor gene: a mosaic of exons shared with different proteins. Science. 1985 May 17;228(4701):815–822. doi: 10.1126/science.2988123. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Tjian R., Fey G., Graessmann A. Biological activity of purified simian virus 40 T antigen proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Mar;75(3):1279–1283. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.3.1279. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Velcich A., Ziff E. Adenovirus E1a proteins repress transcription from the SV40 early promoter. Cell. 1985 Mar;40(3):705–716. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90219-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Vieira J., Messing J. The pUC plasmids, an M13mp7-derived system for insertion mutagenesis and sequencing with synthetic universal primers. Gene. 1982 Oct;19(3):259–268. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(82)90015-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Virtanen A., Pettersson U. The molecular structure of the 9S mRNA from early region 1A of adenovirus serotype 2. J Mol Biol. 1983 Apr 15;165(3):496–499. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(83)80215-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Vogel A., Raines E., Kariya B., Rivest M. J., Ross R. Coordinate control of 3T3 cell proliferation by platelet-derived growth factor and plasma components. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jun;75(6):2810–2814. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.6.2810. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Waterfield M. D., Scrace G. T., Whittle N., Stroobant P., Johnsson A., Wasteson A., Westermark B., Heldin C. H., Huang J. S., Deuel T. F. Platelet-derived growth factor is structurally related to the putative transforming protein p28sis of simian sarcoma virus. Nature. 1983 Jul 7;304(5921):35–39. doi: 10.1038/304035a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Weeks D. L., Jones N. C. E1A control of gene expression is mediated by sequences 5' to the transcriptional starts of the early viral genes. Mol Cell Biol. 1983 Jul;3(7):1222–1234. doi: 10.1128/mcb.3.7.1222. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Winberg G., Shenk T. Dissection of overlapping functions within the adenovirus type 5 E1A gene. EMBO J. 1984 Aug;3(8):1907–1912. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02066.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Younghusband H. B., Tyndall C., Bellett A. J. Replication and interaction of virus DNA and cellular DNA in mouse cells infected by a human adenovirus. J Gen Virol. 1979 Nov;45(2):455–467. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-45-2-455. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Zalkin H., Argos P., Narayana S. V., Tiedeman A. A., Smith J. M. Identification of a trpG-related glutamine amide transfer domain in Escherichia coli GMP synthetase. J Biol Chem. 1985 Mar 25;260(6):3350–3354. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Zimmerman J. E., Jr, Raska K., Jr Inhibition of adenovirus type 12 induced DNA synthesis in G1-arrested BHK21 cells by dibutyryl adenosine cyclic 3':5'-monophosphate. Nat New Biol. 1972 Oct 4;239(92):145–147. doi: 10.1038/newbio239145a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The EMBO Journal are provided here courtesy of Nature Publishing Group

RESOURCES