Skip to main content
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America logoLink to Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
. 1991 Apr 1;88(7):2697–2701. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.7.2697

Expression of a mRNA related to c-rel and dorsal in early Xenopus laevis embryos.

K R Kao 1, N D Hopwood 1
PMCID: PMC51305  PMID: 2011580

Abstract

We describe a Xenopus mRNA, Xrel1, that is related to the avian protooncogene c-rel, the embryonic pattern gene dorsal of Drosophila, and the mammalian transcription factor NK-kappa B/KBF1. The sequence of Xrel1 is homologous to the other rel-related proteins in the large amino-terminal region that defines this class of transcriptional regulators, but the carboxyl-terminal part of the protein is quite different. Xrel1 mRNA is present throughout oogenesis and during early embryogenesis at 4 x 10(5) transcripts per oocyte or embryo. Xrel1 transcripts are present in all of the dissected parts of early embryos that we have examined. They are enriched in the animal hemisphere compared to the vegetal hemisphere of oocytes and blastulae.

Full text

PDF
2697

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Andéol Y., Gusse M., Méchali M. Characterization and expression of a Xenopus ras during oogenesis and development. Dev Biol. 1990 May;139(1):24–34. doi: 10.1016/0012-1606(90)90275-n. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Baeuerle P. A., Baltimore D. I kappa B: a specific inhibitor of the NF-kappa B transcription factor. Science. 1988 Oct 28;242(4878):540–546. doi: 10.1126/science.3140380. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Biggin M. D., Gibson T. J., Hong G. F. Buffer gradient gels and 35S label as an aid to rapid DNA sequence determination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Jul;80(13):3963–3965. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.13.3963. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bours V., Villalobos J., Burd P. R., Kelly K., Siebenlist U. Cloning of a mitogen-inducible gene encoding a kappa B DNA-binding protein with homology to the rel oncogene and to cell-cycle motifs. Nature. 1990 Nov 1;348(6296):76–80. doi: 10.1038/348076a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Brownell E., Mittereder N., Rice N. R. A human rel proto-oncogene cDNA containing an Alu fragment as a potential coding exon. Oncogene. 1989 Jul;4(7):935–942. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chen I. S., Mak T. W., O'Rear J. J., Temin H. M. Characterization of reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T DNA and isolation of a novel variant of reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T by molecular cloning. J Virol. 1981 Dec;40(3):800–811. doi: 10.1128/jvi.40.3.800-811.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dumont J. N. Oogenesis in Xenopus laevis (Daudin). I. Stages of oocyte development in laboratory maintained animals. J Morphol. 1972 Feb;136(2):153–179. doi: 10.1002/jmor.1051360203. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Feinberg A. P., Vogelstein B. A technique for radiolabeling DNA restriction endonuclease fragments to high specific activity. Anal Biochem. 1983 Jul 1;132(1):6–13. doi: 10.1016/0003-2697(83)90418-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Ghosh S., Gifford A. M., Riviere L. R., Tempst P., Nolan G. P., Baltimore D. Cloning of the p50 DNA binding subunit of NF-kappa B: homology to rel and dorsal. Cell. 1990 Sep 7;62(5):1019–1029. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90276-k. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Gilmore T. D. NF-kappa B, KBF1, dorsal, and related matters. Cell. 1990 Sep 7;62(5):841–843. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90257-f. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Grumont R. J., Gerondakis S. Structure of a mammalian c-rel protein deduced from the nucleotide sequence of murine cDNA clones. Oncogene Res. 1989;4(1):1–8. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Gurdon J. B., Brennan S., Fairman S., Mohun T. J. Transcription of muscle-specific actin genes in early Xenopus development: nuclear transplantation and cell dissociation. Cell. 1984 Oct;38(3):691–700. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90264-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Gurdon J. B., Fairman S., Mohun T. J., Brennan S. Activation of muscle-specific actin genes in Xenopus development by an induction between animal and vegetal cells of a blastula. Cell. 1985 Jul;41(3):913–922. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80072-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hannink M., Temin H. M. Transactivation of gene expression by nuclear and cytoplasmic rel proteins. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Oct;9(10):4323–4336. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.10.4323. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Henikoff S. Unidirectional digestion with exonuclease III creates targeted breakpoints for DNA sequencing. Gene. 1984 Jun;28(3):351–359. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(84)90153-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hopwood N. D., Pluck A., Gurdon J. B. A Xenopus mRNA related to Drosophila twist is expressed in response to induction in the mesoderm and the neural crest. Cell. 1989 Dec 1;59(5):893–903. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90612-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Hopwood N. D., Pluck A., Gurdon J. B. MyoD expression in the forming somites is an early response to mesoderm induction in Xenopus embryos. EMBO J. 1989 Nov;8(11):3409–3417. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb08505.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Kieran M., Blank V., Logeat F., Vandekerckhove J., Lottspeich F., Le Bail O., Urban M. B., Kourilsky P., Baeuerle P. A., Israël A. The DNA binding subunit of NF-kappa B is identical to factor KBF1 and homologous to the rel oncogene product. Cell. 1990 Sep 7;62(5):1007–1018. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(90)90275-j. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Krieg P. A., Melton D. A. In vitro RNA synthesis with SP6 RNA polymerase. Methods Enzymol. 1987;155:397–415. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(87)55027-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Lenardo M. J., Baltimore D. NF-kappa B: a pleiotropic mediator of inducible and tissue-specific gene control. Cell. 1989 Jul 28;58(2):227–229. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90833-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Mohun T. J., Garrett N., Taylor M. V. Temporal and tissue-specific expression of the proto-oncogene c-fos during development in Xenopus laevis. Development. 1989 Dec;107(4):835–846. doi: 10.1242/dev.107.4.835. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Rebagliati M. R., Weeks D. L., Harvey R. P., Melton D. A. Identification and cloning of localized maternal RNAs from Xenopus eggs. Cell. 1985 Oct;42(3):769–777. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(85)90273-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Roth S., Stein D., Nüsslein-Volhard C. A gradient of nuclear localization of the dorsal protein determines dorsoventral pattern in the Drosophila embryo. Cell. 1989 Dec 22;59(6):1189–1202. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90774-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Rushlow C. A., Han K., Manley J. L., Levine M. The graded distribution of the dorsal morphogen is initiated by selective nuclear transport in Drosophila. Cell. 1989 Dec 22;59(6):1165–1177. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90772-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Sanger F., Nicklen S., Coulson A. R. DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Dec;74(12):5463–5467. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.12.5463. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Sargent M. G., Bennett M. F. Identification in Xenopus of a structural homologue of the Drosophila gene snail. Development. 1990 Aug;109(4):967–973. doi: 10.1242/dev.109.4.967. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Stephens R. M., Rice N. R., Hiebsch R. R., Bose H. R., Jr, Gilden R. V. Nucleotide sequence of v-rel: the oncogene of reticuloendotheliosis virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Oct;80(20):6229–6233. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.20.6229. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Steward R. Dorsal, an embryonic polarity gene in Drosophila, is homologous to the vertebrate proto-oncogene, c-rel. Science. 1987 Oct 30;238(4827):692–694. doi: 10.1126/science.3118464. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Steward R. Relocalization of the dorsal protein from the cytoplasm to the nucleus correlates with its function. Cell. 1989 Dec 22;59(6):1179–1188. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90773-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Taylor M. V., Gusse M., Evan G. I., Dathan N., Mechali M. Xenopus myc proto-oncogene during development: expression as a stable maternal mRNA uncoupled from cell division. EMBO J. 1986 Dec 20;5(13):3563–3570. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1986.tb04683.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Theilen G. H., Zeigel R. F., Twiehaus M. J. Biological studies with RE virus (strain T) that induces reticuloendotheliosis in turkeys, chickens, and Japanese quail. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1966 Dec;37(6):731–743. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Wallace R. A., Jared D. W., Dumont J. N., Sega M. W. Protein incorporation by isolated amphibian oocytes. 3. Optimum incubation conditions. J Exp Zool. 1973 Jun;184(3):321–333. doi: 10.1002/jez.1401840305. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Wilhelmsen K. C., Eggleton K., Temin H. M. Nucleic acid sequences of the oncogene v-rel in reticuloendotheliosis virus strain T and its cellular homolog, the proto-oncogene c-rel. J Virol. 1984 Oct;52(1):172–182. doi: 10.1128/jvi.52.1.172-182.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America are provided here courtesy of National Academy of Sciences

RESOURCES