Abstract
The promoter and translation initiation region of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae leu2 gene was fused to the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase gene. This fusion located the control region of the leu gene and orientated its direction of expression. When the fusion was placed into yeast cells, beta-galactosidase was expressed under the same regulatory pattern as the original leu2 gene product: its synthesis was repressed in the presence of leucine and threonine. Sensitive chromogenic substrates for beta-galactosidase were used to detect expression in isolated colonies growing on agar medium. Mutant yeast cells with increased beta-galactosidase activity were identified by the color of the colonies they formed. One class of mutants obtained appeared to affect ars1 plasmid maintenance, and another class appeared to affect beta-galactoside uptake.
Full text
PDFSelected References
These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.
- Andreadis A., Hsu Y. P., Kohlhaw G. B., Schimmel P. Nucleotide sequence of yeast LEU2 shows 5'-noncoding region has sequences cognate to leucine. Cell. 1982 Dec;31(2 Pt 1):319–325. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90125-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Beggs J. D. Transformation of yeast by a replicating hybrid plasmid. Nature. 1978 Sep 14;275(5676):104–109. doi: 10.1038/275104a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bennetzen J. L., Hall B. D. The primary structure of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene for alcohol dehydrogenase. J Biol Chem. 1982 Mar 25;257(6):3018–3025. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Botstein D., Falco S. C., Stewart S. E., Brennan M., Scherer S., Stinchcomb D. T., Struhl K., Davis R. W. Sterile host yeasts (SHY): a eukaryotic system of biological containment for recombinant DNA experiments. Gene. 1979 Dec;8(1):17–24. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(79)90004-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Casadaban M. J., Chou J., Cohen S. N. In vitro gene fusions that join an enzymatically active beta-galactosidase segment to amino-terminal fragments of exogenous proteins: Escherichia coli plasmid vectors for the detection and cloning of translational initiation signals. J Bacteriol. 1980 Aug;143(2):971–980. doi: 10.1128/jb.143.2.971-980.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Casadaban M. J., Cohen S. N. Analysis of gene control signals by DNA fusion and cloning in Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol. 1980 Apr;138(2):179–207. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(80)90283-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Casadaban M. J., Cohen S. N. Lactose genes fused to exogenous promoters in one step using a Mu-lac bacteriophage: in vivo probe for transcriptional control sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Sep;76(9):4530–4533. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.9.4530. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Casadaban M. J., Martinez-Arias A., Shapira S. K., Chou J. Beta-galactosidase gene fusions for analyzing gene expression in escherichia coli and yeast. Methods Enzymol. 1983;100:293–308. doi: 10.1016/0076-6879(83)00063-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Casadaban M. J. Transposition and fusion of the lac genes to selected promoters in Escherichia coli using bacteriophage lambda and Mu. J Mol Biol. 1976 Jul 5;104(3):541–555. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(76)90119-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Dickson R. C. Expression of a foreign eukaryotic gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: beta-galactosidase from Kluyveromyces lactis. Gene. 1980 Sep;10(4):347–356. doi: 10.1016/0378-1119(80)90155-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Franklin N. C. Genetic fusions for operon analysis. Annu Rev Genet. 1978;12:193–221. doi: 10.1146/annurev.ge.12.120178.001205. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hinnen A., Hicks J. B., Fink G. R. Transformation of yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Apr;75(4):1929–1933. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.4.1929. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hsu Y. P., Kohlhaw G. B. Overproduction and control of the LEU2 gene product, beta-isopropylmalate dehydrogenase, in transformed yeast strains. J Biol Chem. 1982 Jan 10;257(1):39–41. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Kohlhaw G. B., Hsu Y. P., Lemmon R. D., Petes T. D. Transposed LEU2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regulated normally. J Bacteriol. 1980 Nov;144(2):852–855. doi: 10.1128/jb.144.2.852-855.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lindegren G., Hwang Y. L., Oshima Y., Lindegren C. C. Genetical mutants induced by ethyl methanesulfonate in Saccharomyces. Can J Genet Cytol. 1965 Sep;7(3):491–499. doi: 10.1139/g65-064. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Müller-Hill B., Kania J. Lac repressor can be fused to beta-galactosidase. Nature. 1974 Jun 7;249(457):561–563. doi: 10.1038/249561a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Ratzkin B., Carbon J. Functional expression of cloned yeast DNA in Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):487–491. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.487. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Rose M., Casadaban M. J., Botstein D. Yeast genes fused to beta-galactosidase in Escherichia coli can be expressed normally in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Apr;78(4):2460–2464. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.4.2460. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Satyanarayana T., Umbarger H. E., Lindegren G. Biosynthesis of branched-chain amino acids in yeast: regulation of leucine biosynthesis in prototrophic and leucine auxotrophic strains. J Bacteriol. 1968 Dec;96(6):2018–2024. doi: 10.1128/jb.96.6.2018-2024.1968. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Schümperli D., Howard B. H., Rosenberg M. Efficient expression of Escherichia coli galactokinase gene in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jan;79(2):257–261. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.2.257. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Silverman S. J., Rose M., Botstein D., Fink G. R. Regulation of HIS4-lacZ fusions in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Oct;2(10):1212–1219. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.10.1212. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Zaret K. S., Sherman F. DNA sequence required for efficient transcription termination in yeast. Cell. 1982 Mar;28(3):563–573. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90211-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]