Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1982 Oct;44(1):19–31. doi: 10.1128/jvi.44.1.19-31.1982

Analysis of the env gene of a molecularly cloned and biologically active Moloney mink cell focus-forming proviral DNA.

R A Bosselman, F van Straaten, C Van Beveren, I M Verma, M Vogt
PMCID: PMC256237  PMID: 7143566

Abstract

A biologically active molecular clone of BALB/Moloney mink cell focus-forming (Mo-MCF) proviral DNA has been reconstructed in vitro. It contains the 5' half of BALB/Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV) DNA and the 3' half of BALB/Mo-MCF DNA. The complete nucleotide sequence of the env gene and the 3' long terminal repeat (LTR) of the cloned Mo-MCF DNA has been determined and compared with the sequence of the corresponding region of parental Mo-MuLV DNA. The substitution in the Mo-MCF DNA encompasses 1,159 base pairs, beginning in the carboxyl terminus of the pol gene and extending to the middle of the env gene. The Mo-MCF env gene product is predicted to be 29 amino acids shorter than the parental Mo-MuLV env gene product. The portion of the env gene encoding the p15E peptide is identical in both viral DNAs. There is an additional A residue in the Mo-MCF viral DNA in a region just preceding the 3' LTR. The nucleotide sequence of the 3' LTR of Mo-MCF DNA is similar to that of the 5' LTR of BALB/Mo-MuLV DNA with the exception of two single base substitutions. We conclude that the sequence substitution in the env gene is responsible for the dual-tropic properties of Mo-MCF viruses.

Full text

PDF
19

Images in this article

22Image
on p.22
23Image
on p.23
24Image
on p.24

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Benveniste R. E., Lieber M. M., Todaro G. J. A distinct class of inducible murine type-C viruses that replicates in the rabbit SIRC cell line. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1974 Mar;71(3):602–606. doi: 10.1073/pnas.71.3.602. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Berns A. J., Lai M. H., Bosselman R. A., McKennett M. A., Bacheler L. T., Fan H., Maandag E. C., van der Putten H. V., Verma I. M. Molecular cloning of unintegrated and a portion of integrated moloney murine leukemia viral DNA in bacteriophage lambda. J Virol. 1980 Oct;36(1):254–263. doi: 10.1128/jvi.36.1.254-263.1980. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Blattner F. R., Blechl A. E., Denniston-Thompson K., Faber H. E., Richards J. E., Slightom J. L., Tucker P. W., Smithies O. Cloning human fetal gamma globin and mouse alpha-type globin DNA: preparation and screening of shotgun collections. Science. 1978 Dec 22;202(4374):1279–1284. doi: 10.1126/science.725603. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Bosselman R. A., Van Griensven L. J., Vogt M., Verma I. M. Genome organization of retroviruses. VI. Heteroduplex analysis of ecotropic and xenotropic sequences of moloney mink cell focus-inducing viral RNA obtained from either a cloned isolate or a thymoma cell line. J Virol. 1979 Dec;32(3):968–978. doi: 10.1128/jvi.32.3.968-978.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chattopadhyay S. K., Cloyd M. W., Linemeyer D. L., Lander M. R., Rands E., Lowy D. R. Cellular origin and role of mink cell focus-forming viruses in murine thymic lymphomas. Nature. 1982 Jan 7;295(5844):25–31. doi: 10.1038/295025a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Chattopadhyay S. K., Lander M. R., Gupta S., Rands E., Lowy D. R. Origin of mink cytopathic focus-forming (MCF) viruses:comparison with ecotropic and xenotropic murine leukemia virus genomes. Virology. 1981 Sep;113(2):465–483. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(81)90175-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Chien Y. H., Verma I. M., Shih T. Y., Scolnick E. M., Davidson N. Heteroduplex analysis of the sequence relations between the RNAs of mink cell focus-inducing and murine leukemia viruses. J Virol. 1978 Oct;28(1):352–360. doi: 10.1128/jvi.28.1.352-360.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Dhar R., McClements W. L., Enquist L. W., Vande Woude G. F. Nucleotide sequences of integrated Moloney sarcoma provirus long terminal repeats and their host and viral junctions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jul;77(7):3937–3941. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.7.3937. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Donoghue D. J., Rothenberg E., Hopkins N., Baltimore D., Sharp P. A. Heteroduplex analysis of the nonhomology region between Moloney MuLV and the dual host range derivative HIX virus. Cell. 1978 Aug;14(4):959–970. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90350-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Donoghue D. J., Sharp P. A., Weinberg R. A. Comparative study of different isolates of murine sarcoma virus. J Virol. 1979 Dec;32(3):1015–1027. doi: 10.1128/jvi.32.3.1015-1027.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Doolittle R. F. Similar amino acid sequences: chance or common ancestry? Science. 1981 Oct 9;214(4517):149–159. doi: 10.1126/science.7280687. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Elder J. H., Gautsch J. W., Jensen F. C., Lerner R. A., Hartley J. W., Rowe W. P. Biochemical evidence that MCF murine leukemia viruses are envelope (env) gene recombinants. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Oct;74(10):4676–4680. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.10.4676. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Famulari N. G., Buchhagen D. L., Klenk H. D., Fleissner E. Presence of murine leukemia virus envelope proteins gp70 and p15(E) in a common polyprotein of infected cells. J Virol. 1976 Nov;20(2):501–508. doi: 10.1128/jvi.20.2.501-508.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Famulari N. G., Tung J. S., O'Donnell P. V., Fleissner E. Murine leukemia virus env-gene expression in preleukemic thymocytes and leukemia cells of AKR strain mice. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1980;44(Pt 2):1281–1287. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1980.044.01.140. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Fischinger P. J., Ihle J. N., de Noronha F., Bolognesi D. P. Oncogenic and immunogenic potential of cloned HIX virus in mice and cats. Med Microbiol Immunol. 1977;164(1-3):119–129. doi: 10.1007/BF02121308. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Fischinger P. J., Nomura S., Bolognesi D. P. A novel murine oncornavirus with dual eco- and xenotropic properties. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1975 Dec;72(12):5150–5155. doi: 10.1073/pnas.72.12.5150. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Fuhrman S. A., Van Beveren C., Verma I. M. Identification of a RNA polymerase II initiation site in the long terminal repeat of Moloney murine leukemia viral DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 Sep;78(9):5411–5415. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.9.5411. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Gilboa E., Mitra S. W., Goff S., Baltimore D. A detailed model of reverse transcription and tests of crucial aspects. Cell. 1979 Sep;18(1):93–100. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90357-x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Graham F. L., van der Eb A. J. A new technique for the assay of infectivity of human adenovirus 5 DNA. Virology. 1973 Apr;52(2):456–467. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90341-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Hartley J. W., Rowe W. P. Naturally occurring murine leukemia viruses in wild mice: characterization of a new "amphotropic" class. J Virol. 1976 Jul;19(1):19–25. doi: 10.1128/jvi.19.1.19-25.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Hartley J. W., Wolford N. K., Old L. J., Rowe W. P. A new class of murine leukemia virus associated with development of spontaneous lymphomas. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1977 Feb;74(2):789–792. doi: 10.1073/pnas.74.2.789. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Hu S., Davidson N. A heteroduplex study of the sequence relationships between the RNAs of M-MSV and M-MLV. Cell. 1977 Mar;10(3):469–477. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90034-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Jaenisch R. Germ line integration of moloney leukemia virus: effect of homozygosity at the m-mulV locus. Cell. 1977 Nov;12(3):691–696. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(77)90269-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Jähner D., Stuhlmann H., Jaenisch R. Conformation of free and of integrated Moloney leukemia virus proviral DNA in preleukemic and leukemic BALB/Mo mice. Virology. 1980 Feb;101(1):111–123. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90488-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Klein G. The role of gene dosage and genetic transpositions in carcinogenesis. Nature. 1981 Nov 26;294(5839):313–318. doi: 10.1038/294313a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Levy J. A. Xenotropic viruses: murine leukemia viruses associated with NIH Swiss, NZB, and other mouse strains. Science. 1973 Dec 14;182(4117):1151–1153. doi: 10.1126/science.182.4117.1151. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Lung M. L., Hering C., Hartley J. W., Rowe W. P., Hopkins N. Analysis of the genomes of mink cell focus-inducing murine type-C viruses: a progress report. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1980;44(Pt 2):1269–1274. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1980.044.01.138. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Maxam A. M., Gilbert W. Sequencing end-labeled DNA with base-specific chemical cleavages. Methods Enzymol. 1980;65(1):499–560. doi: 10.1016/s0076-6879(80)65059-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Naso R. B., Arcement L. J., Karshin W. L., Jamjoom G. A., Arlinghaus R. B. A fucose-deficient glycoprotein precursor to Rauscher leukemia virus gp69/71. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1976 Jul;73(7):2326–2330. doi: 10.1073/pnas.73.7.2326. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Neel B. G., Hayward W. S., Robinson H. L., Fang J., Astrin S. M. Avian leukosis virus-induced tumors have common proviral integration sites and synthesize discrete new RNAs: oncogenesis by promoter insertion. Cell. 1981 Feb;23(2):323–334. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90128-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Payne G. S., Courtneidge S. A., Crittenden L. B., Fadly A. M., Bishop J. M., Varmus H. E. Analysis of avian leukosis virus DNA and RNA in bursal tumours: viral gene expression is not required for maintenance of the tumor state. Cell. 1981 Feb;23(2):311–322. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90127-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Quint W., Quax W., van der Putten H., Berns A. Characterization of AKR murine leukemia virus sequences in AKR mouse substrains and structure of integrated recombinant genomes in tumor tissues. J Virol. 1981 Jul;39(1):1–10. doi: 10.1128/jvi.39.1.1-10.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Rasheed S., Gardner M. B., Chan E. Amphotropic host range of naturally occuring wild mouse leukemia viruses. J Virol. 1976 Jul;19(1):13–18. doi: 10.1128/jvi.19.1.13-18.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Rommelaere J., Faller D. V., Hopkins N. Characterization and mapping of RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotides derived from the genomes of Akv and MCF murine leukemia viruses. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1978 Jan;75(1):495–499. doi: 10.1073/pnas.75.1.495. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Rosner M. R., Tung J. S., Hopkins N., Robbins P. W. Relationship of GIX antigen expression to the glycosylation of murine leukemia virus glycoprotein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Nov;77(11):6420–6424. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.11.6420. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Rowe W. P., Cloyd M. W., Hartley J. W. Status of the association of mink cell focus-forming viruses with leukemogenesis. Cold Spring Harb Symp Quant Biol. 1980;44(Pt 2):1265–1268. doi: 10.1101/sqb.1980.044.01.137. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Shih T. Y., Weeks M. O., Troxler D. H., Coffin J. M., Scolnick E. M. Mapping host range-specific oligonucleotides within genomes of the ecotropic and mink cell focus-inducing strains of Moloney murine leukemia virus. J Virol. 1978 Apr;26(1):71–83. doi: 10.1128/jvi.26.1.71-83.1978. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Shinnick T. M., Lerner R. A., Sutcliffe J. G. Nucleotide sequence of Moloney murine leukaemia virus. Nature. 1981 Oct 15;293(5833):543–548. doi: 10.1038/293543a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Staden R. A strategy of DNA sequencing employing computer programs. Nucleic Acids Res. 1979 Jun 11;6(7):2601–2610. doi: 10.1093/nar/6.7.2601. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Stow N. D., Wilkie N. M. An improved technique for obtaining enhanced infectivity with herpes simplex virus type 1 DNA. J Gen Virol. 1976 Dec;33(3):447–458. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-33-3-447. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Sutcliffe J. G., Shinnick T. M., Verma I. M., Lerner R. A. Nucleotide sequence of Moloney leukemia virus: 3' end reveals details of replications, analogy to bacterial transposons, and an unexpected gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jun;77(6):3302–3306. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.6.3302. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Troxler D. H., Yuan E., Linemeyer D., Ruscetti S., Scolnick E. M. Helper-independent mink cell focus-inducing strains of Friend murine type-C virus: potential relationship to the origin of replication-defective spleen focus-forming virus. J Exp Med. 1978 Sep 1;148(3):639–653. doi: 10.1084/jem.148.3.639. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Van Beveren C., Goddard J. G., Berns A., Verma I. M. Structure of Moloney murine leukemia viral DNA: nucleotide sequence of the 5' long terminal repeat and adjacent cellular sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Jun;77(6):3307–3311. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.6.3307. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Van Beveren C., Rands E., Chattopadhyay S. K., Lowy D. R., Verma I. M. Long terminal repeat of murine retroviral DNAs: sequence analysis, host-proviral junctions, and preintegration site. J Virol. 1982 Feb;41(2):542–556. doi: 10.1128/jvi.41.2.542-556.1982. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Van Beveren C., van Straaten F., Galleshaw J. A., Verma I. M. Nucleotide sequence of the genome of a murine sarcoma virus. Cell. 1981 Nov;27(1 Pt 2):97–108. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90364-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Verma I. M., Lai M. H., Bosselman R. A., McKennett M. A., Fan H., Berns A. Molecular cloning of unintegrated Moloney mouse sarcoma virus DNA in bacteriophage lambda. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Apr;77(4):1773–1777. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.4.1773. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Vogelstein B., Gillespie D. Preparative and analytical purification of DNA from agarose. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1979 Feb;76(2):615–619. doi: 10.1073/pnas.76.2.615. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Vogt M. Properties of "mink cell focus-inducing" (MCF) virus isolated from spontaneous lymphoma lines of BALB/c mice carrying Moloney leukemia virus as an endogenous virus. Virology. 1979 Feb;93(1):226–236. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(79)90290-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Yoshimura F. K., Breda M. Lack of AKR ecotropic provirus amplification in AKR leukemic thymuses. J Virol. 1981 Sep;39(3):808–815. doi: 10.1128/jvi.39.3.808-815.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. van Griensven L. J., Vogt M. Rauscher "mink cell focus-inducing" (MCF) virus causes erythroleukemia in mice: its isolation and properties. Virology. 1980 Mar;101(2):376–388. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90451-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. van der Putten H., Quint W., van Raaij J., Maandag E. R., Verma I. M., Berns A. M-MuLV-induced leukemogenesis: integration and structure of recombinant proviruses in tumors. Cell. 1981 Jun;24(3):729–739. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90099-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. van der Putten H., Terwindt E., Berns A., Jaenisch R. The integration sites of endogenous and exogenous Moloney murine leukemia virus. Cell. 1979 Sep;18(1):109–116. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(79)90359-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES