Skip to main content
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1989 Jul;63(7):3151–3154. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.7.3151-3154.1989

Genetic assignment of multiple E2 gene products in bovine papillomavirus-transformed cells.

P F Lambert 1, N L Hubbert 1, P M Howley 1, J T Schiller 1
PMCID: PMC250873  PMID: 2542621

Abstract

The E2 open reading frame of bovine papillomavirus type 1 has been shown genetically to encode at least three transcriptional regulatory factors, and three E2 specific proteins have been recently identified in virally transformed rodent cells. In this study, the genes encoding these E2 specific proteins have been determined. The 48-kilodalton (kDa) protein was identified as the product of a full-length E2 open reading frame cDNA, which confirmed that this polypeptide is the E2 transactivator. The 31-kDa E2 protein species, which is the most abundant E2 specific polypeptide, was identified by analysis of both bovine papillomavirus type 1 mutants and cDNAs to be the previously identified E2 transcriptional repressor, E2-TR, which results from translation initiation at an internal E2 ATG codon. The smallest E2 protein species, the 28-kDa polypeptide, was identified as the product of the E8/E2 fusion gene which results from translation of a spliced mRNA species.

Full text

PDF
3151

Images in this article

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Androphy E. J., Lowy D. R., Schiller J. T. Bovine papillomavirus E2 trans-activating gene product binds to specific sites in papillomavirus DNA. Nature. 1987 Jan 1;325(6099):70–73. doi: 10.1038/325070a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. BLACK P. H., HARTLEY J. W., ROWE W. P., HUEBNER R. J. TRANSFORMATION OF BOVINE TISSUE CULTURE CELLS BY BOVINE PAPILLOMA VIRUS. Nature. 1963 Sep 7;199:1016–1018. doi: 10.1038/1991016a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Baker C. C., Howley P. M. Differential promoter utilization by the bovine papillomavirus in transformed cells and productively infected wart tissues. EMBO J. 1987 Apr;6(4):1027–1035. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04855.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Choe J., Vaillancourt P., Stenlund A., Botchan M. Bovine papillomavirus type 1 encodes two forms of a transcriptional repressor: structural and functional analysis of new viral cDNAs. J Virol. 1989 Apr;63(4):1743–1755. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.4.1743-1755.1989. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Cripe T. P., Haugen T. H., Turk J. P., Tabatabai F., Schmid P. G., 3rd, Dürst M., Gissmann L., Roman A., Turek L. P. Transcriptional regulation of the human papillomavirus-16 E6-E7 promoter by a keratinocyte-dependent enhancer, and by viral E2 trans-activator and repressor gene products: implications for cervical carcinogenesis. EMBO J. 1987 Dec 1;6(12):3745–3753. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02709.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Dostatni N., Thierry F., Yaniv M. A dimer of BPV-1 E2 containing a protease resistant core interacts with its DNA target. EMBO J. 1988 Dec 1;7(12):3807–3816. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03265.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dvoretzky I., Shober R., Chattopadhyay S. K., Lowy D. R. A quantitative in vitro focus assay for bovine papilloma virus. Virology. 1980 Jun;103(2):369–375. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(80)90195-6. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Giri I., Yaniv M. Study of the E2 gene product of the cottontail rabbit papillomavirus reveals a common mechanism of transactivation among papillomaviruses. J Virol. 1988 May;62(5):1573–1581. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.5.1573-1581.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Harrison S. M., Gearing K. L., Kim S. Y., Kingsman A. J., Kingsman S. M. Multiple cis-active elements in the long control region of bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV-1). Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Dec 23;15(24):10267–10284. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.24.10267. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Haugen T. H., Cripe T. P., Ginder G. D., Karin M., Turek L. P. Trans-activation of an upstream early gene promoter of bovine papilloma virus-1 by a product of the viral E2 gene. EMBO J. 1987 Jan;6(1):145–152. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb04732.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Haugen T. H., Turek L. P., Mercurio F. M., Cripe T. P., Olson B. J., Anderson R. D., Seidl D., Karin M., Schiller J. Sequence-specific and general transcriptional activation by the bovine papillomavirus-1 E2 trans-activator require an N-terminal amphipathic helix-containing E2 domain. EMBO J. 1988 Dec 20;7(13):4245–4253. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03322.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Hawley-Nelson P., Androphy E. J., Lowy D. R., Schiller J. T. The specific DNA recognition sequence of the bovine papillomavirus E2 protein is an E2-dependent enhancer. EMBO J. 1988 Feb;7(2):525–531. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02841.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Heilman C. A., Engel L., Lowy D. R., Howley P. M. Virus-specific transcription in bovine papillomavirus-transformed mouse cells. Virology. 1982 May;119(1):22–34. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(82)90061-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Hermonat P. L., Howley P. M. Mutational analysis of the 3' open reading frames and the splice junction at nucleotide 3225 of bovine papillomavirus type 1. J Virol. 1987 Dec;61(12):3889–3895. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.12.3889-3895.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Hermonat P. L., Spalholz B. A., Howley P. M. The bovine papillomavirus P2443 promoter is E2 trans-responsive: evidence for E2 autoregulation. EMBO J. 1988 Sep;7(9):2815–2822. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb03137.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Hirochika H., Broker T. R., Chow L. T. Enhancers and trans-acting E2 transcriptional factors of papillomaviruses. J Virol. 1987 Aug;61(8):2599–2606. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.8.2599-2606.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Hubbert N. L., Schiller J. T., Lowy D. R., Androphy E. J. Bovine papilloma virus-transformed cells contain multiple E2 proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Aug;85(16):5864–5868. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.16.5864. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Lambert P. F., Spalholz B. A., Howley P. M. A transcriptional repressor encoded by BPV-1 shares a common carboxy-terminal domain with the E2 transactivator. Cell. 1987 Jul 3;50(1):69–78. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90663-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Law M. F., Lowy D. R., Dvoretzky I., Howley P. M. Mouse cells transformed by bovine papillomavirus contain only extrachromosomal viral DNA sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1981 May;78(5):2727–2731. doi: 10.1073/pnas.78.5.2727. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. McBride A. A., Byrne J. C., Howley P. M. E2 polypeptides encoded by bovine papillomavirus type 1 form dimers through the common carboxyl-terminal domain: transactivation is mediated by the conserved amino-terminal domain. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Jan;86(2):510–514. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.2.510. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. McBride A. A., Schlegel R., Howley P. M. The carboxy-terminal domain shared by the bovine papillomavirus E2 transactivator and repressor proteins contains a specific DNA binding activity. EMBO J. 1988 Feb;7(2):533–539. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02842.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Moskaluk C., Bastia D. The E2 "gene" of bovine papillomavirus encodes an enhancer-binding protein. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Mar;84(5):1215–1218. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.5.1215. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Phelps W. C., Howley P. M. Transcriptional trans-activation by the human papillomavirus type 16 E2 gene product. J Virol. 1987 May;61(5):1630–1638. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.5.1630-1638.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Sarver N., Byrne J. C., Howley P. M. Transformation and replication in mouse cells of a bovine papillomavirus--pML2 plasmid vector that can be rescued in bacteria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Dec;79(23):7147–7151. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.23.7147. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Spalholz B. A., Byrne J. C., Howley P. M. Evidence for cooperativity between E2 binding sites in E2 trans-regulation of bovine papillomavirus type 1. J Virol. 1988 Sep;62(9):3143–3150. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.9.3143-3150.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Spalholz B. A., Lambert P. F., Yee C. L., Howley P. M. Bovine papillomavirus transcriptional regulation: localization of the E2-responsive elements of the long control region. J Virol. 1987 Jul;61(7):2128–2137. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.7.2128-2137.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Spalholz B. A., Yang Y. C., Howley P. M. Transactivation of a bovine papilloma virus transcriptional regulatory element by the E2 gene product. Cell. 1985 Aug;42(1):183–191. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(85)80114-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Thierry F., Yaniv M. The BPV1-E2 trans-acting protein can be either an activator or a repressor of the HPV18 regulatory region. EMBO J. 1987 Nov;6(11):3391–3397. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1987.tb02662.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Yang Y. C., Spalholz B. A., Rabson M. S., Howley P. M. Dissociation of transforming and trans-activation functions for bovine papillomavirus type 1. Nature. 1985 Dec 12;318(6046):575–577. doi: 10.1038/318575a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES