Skip to main content
NCBI home page
Journal of Virology logoLink to Journal of Virology
. 1989 Jan;63(1):356–365. doi: 10.1128/jvi.63.1.356-365.1989

Analysis of origin of DNA replication of human papovavirus BK.

K L Deyerle 1, F G Sajjadi 1, S Subramani 1
PMCID: PMC247691  PMID: 2535736

Abstract

We have analyzed the cis-acting sequence elements and properties of the origin of DNA replication of human papovavirus BK (BKV). The precise boundaries of the origin varied, depending on the cell type and the viral T antigen used for assay. The BKV minimal origin of replication consisted of an inverted repeat, T-antigen-binding site II, and a 20-base-pair AT block when assayed in monkey kidney CV1 and HeLa cells by using the BKV T antigen. This 76-base-pair minimal origin did not replicate in COS cells in the presence of the simian virus 40 (SV40) T antigen. Unlike that from the SV40 minimal origin, replication from the BKV minimal origin was not enhanced by BKV ori-flanking sequences in CV1 or HeLa cells, using the BKV T antigen. BKV ori-flanking sequences did activate the SV40 minimal origin of replication in COS cells and relieved the orientation-dependent property of this origin. Finally, the BKV T antigen was found to autoregulate activity of the BKV early transcriptional regulatory region. The BKV origin of replication shows similarities to and differences from those of the related viruses SV40 and polyomavirus, suggesting that the proteins involved in the initiation of replication interact with origin sequences differently in these viruses.

Full text

PDF
356

Images in this article

359Image
on p.359
360Image
on p.360
360Image
on p.360
361Image
on p.361
361Image
on p.361

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Bergsma D. J., Olive D. M., Hartzell S. W., Subramanian K. N. Territorial limits and functional anatomy of the simian virus 40 replication origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Jan;79(2):381–385. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.2.381. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Braithwaite A. W., Sturzbecher H. W., Addison C., Palmer C., Rudge K., Jenkins J. R. Mouse p53 inhibits SV40 origin-dependent DNA replication. Nature. 1987 Oct 1;329(6138):458–460. doi: 10.1038/329458a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Caputo A., Barbanti-Brodano G., Wang E., Ricciardi R. P. Transactivation of BKV and SV40 early promoters by BKV and SV40 T-antigens. Virology. 1986 Jul 30;152(2):459–465. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(86)90148-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Cereghini S., Yaniv M. Assembly of transfected DNA into chromatin: structural changes in the origin-promoter-enhancer region upon replication. EMBO J. 1984 Jun;3(6):1243–1253. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb01959.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Chandrasekharappa S. C., Subramanian K. N. Effects of position and orientation of the 72-base-pair-repeat transcriptional enhancer on replication from the simian virus 40 core origin. J Virol. 1987 Oct;61(10):2973–2980. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.10.2973-2980.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Cohen G. L., Wright P. J., DeLucia A. L., Lewton B. A., Anderson M. E., Tegtmeyer P. Critical spatial requirement within the origin of simian virus 40 DNA replication. J Virol. 1984 Jul;51(1):91–96. doi: 10.1128/jvi.51.1.91-96.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Dailey L., Basilico C. Sequences in the polyomavirus DNA regulatory region involved in viral DNA replication and early gene expression. J Virol. 1985 Jun;54(3):739–749. doi: 10.1128/jvi.54.3.739-749.1985. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. DeLucia A. L., Deb S., Partin K., Tegtmeyer P. Functional interactions of the simian virus 40 core origin of replication with flanking regulatory sequences. J Virol. 1986 Jan;57(1):138–144. doi: 10.1128/jvi.57.1.138-144.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. DeLucia A. L., Lewton B. A., Tjian R., Tegtmeyer P. Topography of simian virus 40 A protein-DNA complexes: arrangement of pentanucleotide interaction sites at the origin of replication. J Virol. 1983 Apr;46(1):143–150. doi: 10.1128/jvi.46.1.143-150.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Deb S., DeLucia A. L., Baur C. P., Koff A., Tegtmeyer P. Domain structure of the simian virus 40 core origin of replication. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 May;6(5):1663–1670. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.5.1663. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Deb S., DeLucia A. L., Koff A., Tsui S., Tegtmeyer P. The adenine-thymine domain of the simian virus 40 core origin directs DNA bending and coordinately regulates DNA replication. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Dec;6(12):4578–4584. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.12.4578. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Deb S., Tsui S., Koff A., DeLucia A. L., Parsons R., Tegtmeyer P. The T-antigen-binding domain of the simian virus 40 core origin of replication. J Virol. 1987 Jul;61(7):2143–2149. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.7.2143-2149.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Deyerle K. L., Cassill J. A., Subramani S. Analysis of the early regulatory region of the human papovavirus BK. Virology. 1987 May;158(1):181–193. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(87)90252-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. DiMaio D., Nathans D. Regulatory mutants of simian virus 40. Effect of mutations at a T antigen binding site on DNA replication and expression of viral genes. J Mol Biol. 1982 Apr 15;156(3):531–548. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(82)90265-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Fromm M., Berg P. Deletion mapping of DNA regions required for SV40 early region promoter function in vivo. J Mol Appl Genet. 1982;1(5):457–481. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Gannon J. V., Lane D. P. p53 and DNA polymerase alpha compete for binding to SV40 T antigen. Nature. 1987 Oct 1;329(6138):456–458. doi: 10.1038/329456a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Gardner S. D., Field A. M., Coleman D. V., Hulme B. New human papovavirus (B.K.) isolated from urine after renal transplantation. Lancet. 1971 Jun 19;1(7712):1253–1257. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(71)91776-4. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Gerard R., Gluzman Y. Functional analysis of the role of the A + T-rich region and upstream flanking sequences in simian virus 40 DNA replication. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Dec;6(12):4570–4577. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.12.4570. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  19. Ghosh P. K., Lebowitz P. Simian virus 40 early mRNA's contain multiple 5' termini upstream and downstream from a Hogness-Goldberg sequence; a shift in 5' termini during the lytic cycle is mediated by large T antigen. J Virol. 1981 Oct;40(1):224–240. doi: 10.1128/jvi.40.1.224-240.1981. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  20. Gorman C. M., Merlino G. T., Willingham M. C., Pastan I., Howard B. H. The Rous sarcoma virus long terminal repeat is a strong promoter when introduced into a variety of eukaryotic cells by DNA-mediated transfection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Nov;79(22):6777–6781. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.22.6777. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  21. Gorman C. M., Moffat L. F., Howard B. H. Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Sep;2(9):1044–1051. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.9.1044. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  22. Grossi M. P., Caputo A., Meneguzzi G., Corallini A., Carra L., Portolani M., Borgatti M., Milanesi G., Barbanti-Brodano G. Transformation of human embryonic fibroblasts by BK virus, BK virus DNA and a subgenomic BK virus DNA fragment. J Gen Virol. 1982 Dec;63(2):393–403. doi: 10.1099/0022-1317-63-2-393. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Grässer F. A., Mann K., Walter G. Removal of serine phosphates from simian virus 40 large T antigen increases its ability to stimulate DNA replication in vitro but has no effect on ATPase and DNA binding. J Virol. 1987 Nov;61(11):3373–3380. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.11.3373-3380.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  24. Hansen U., Tenen D. G., Livingston D. M., Sharp P. A. T antigen repression of SV40 early transcription from two promoters. Cell. 1981 Dec;27(3 Pt 2):603–613. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90402-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  25. Hay R. T., DePamphilis M. L. Initiation of SV40 DNA replication in vivo: location and structure of 5' ends of DNA synthesized in the ori region. Cell. 1982 Apr;28(4):767–779. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(82)90056-3. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  26. Hertz G. Z., Mertz J. E. Bidirectional promoter elements of simian virus 40 are required for efficient replication of the viral DNA. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Oct;6(10):3513–3522. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.10.3513. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  27. Hertz G. Z., Young M. R., Mertz J. E. The A+T-rich sequence of the simian virus 40 origin is essential for replication and is involved in bending of the viral DNA. J Virol. 1987 Jul;61(7):2322–2325. doi: 10.1128/jvi.61.7.2322-2325.1987. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  28. Hirt B. Selective extraction of polyoma DNA from infected mouse cell cultures. J Mol Biol. 1967 Jun 14;26(2):365–369. doi: 10.1016/0022-2836(67)90307-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  29. Innis J. W., Scott W. A. DNA replication and chromatin structure of simian virus 40 insertion mutants. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Aug;4(8):1499–1507. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.8.1499. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  30. Jones K. A., Myers R. M., Tjian R. Mutational analysis of simian virus 40 large T antigen DNA binding sites. EMBO J. 1984 Dec 20;3(13):3247–3255. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1984.tb02286.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  31. Katinka M., Yaniv M. DNA replication origin of polyoma virus: early proximal boundary. J Virol. 1983 Jul;47(1):244–248. doi: 10.1128/jvi.47.1.244-248.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  32. Keller G. A., Gould S., Deluca M., Subramani S. Firefly luciferase is targeted to peroxisomes in mammalian cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 May;84(10):3264–3268. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.10.3264. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  33. Khalili K., Khoury G., Brady J. Spacing between simian virus 40 early transcriptional control sequences is important for regulation of early RNA synthesis and gene expression. J Virol. 1986 Dec;60(3):935–942. doi: 10.1128/jvi.60.3.935-942.1986. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  34. Lai C. J., Goldman N. D., Khoury G. Functional similarity between the early antigens of simian virus 40 and human papovavirus BK. J Virol. 1979 Apr;30(1):141–147. doi: 10.1128/jvi.30.1.141-147.1979. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  35. Lee-Chen G. J., Woodworth-Gutai M. Simian virus 40 DNA replication: functional organization of regulatory elements. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Sep;6(9):3086–3093. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.9.3086. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  36. Li J. J., Kelly T. J. Simian virus 40 DNA replication in vitro: specificity of initiation and evidence for bidirectional replication. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Jun;5(6):1238–1246. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.6.1238. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  37. Li J. J., Peden K. W., Dixon R. A., Kelly T. Functional organization of the simian virus 40 origin of DNA replication. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Apr;6(4):1117–1128. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.4.1117. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  38. Luthman H., Osterlund M., Magnusson G. Inhibition of polyoma DNA synthesis by base pair substitutions at the replication origin. Nucleic Acids Res. 1984 Oct 11;12(19):7503–7515. doi: 10.1093/nar/12.19.7503. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  39. Major E. O., Matsumura P. Human embryonic kidney cells: stable transformation with an origin-defective simian virus 40 DNA and use as hosts for human papovavirus replication. Mol Cell Biol. 1984 Feb;4(2):379–382. doi: 10.1128/mcb.4.2.379. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  40. Mason D. H., Takemoto K. K. Complementation between BK human papovavirus and a simian virus 40 tsA mutant. J Virol. 1976 Mar;17(3):1060–1062. doi: 10.1128/jvi.17.3.1060-1062.1976. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  41. Mitchell P. J., Wang C., Tjian R. Positive and negative regulation of transcription in vitro: enhancer-binding protein AP-2 is inhibited by SV40 T antigen. Cell. 1987 Sep 11;50(6):847–861. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90512-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  42. Muller W. J., Mueller C. R., Mes A. M., Hassell J. A. Polyomavirus origin for DNA replication comprises multiple genetic elements. J Virol. 1983 Sep;47(3):586–599. doi: 10.1128/jvi.47.3.586-599.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  43. Murakami Y., Wobbe C. R., Weissbach L., Dean F. B., Hurwitz J. Role of DNA polymerase alpha and DNA primase in simian virus 40 DNA replication in vitro. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 May;83(9):2869–2873. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.9.2869. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  44. Myers R. M., Rio D. C., Robbins A. K., Tjian R. SV40 gene expression is modulated by the cooperative binding of T antigen to DNA. Cell. 1981 Aug;25(2):373–384. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90056-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  45. Myers R. M., Tjian R. Construction and analysis of simian virus 40 origins defective in tumor antigen binding and DNA replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1980 Nov;77(11):6491–6495. doi: 10.1073/pnas.77.11.6491. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  46. Nagata K., Guggenheimer R. A., Enomoto T., Lichy J. H., Hurwitz J. Adenovirus DNA replication in vitro: identification of a host factor that stimulates synthesis of the preterminal protein-dCMP complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1982 Nov;79(21):6438–6442. doi: 10.1073/pnas.79.21.6438. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  47. Nagata K., Guggenheimer R. A., Hurwitz J. Specific binding of a cellular DNA replication protein to the origin of replication of adenovirus DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1983 Oct;80(20):6177–6181. doi: 10.1073/pnas.80.20.6177. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  48. Nowock J., Borgmeyer U., Püschel A. W., Rupp R. A., Sippel A. E. The TGGCA protein binds to the MMTV-LTR, the adenovirus origin of replication, and the BK virus enhancer. Nucleic Acids Res. 1985 Mar 25;13(6):2045–2061. doi: 10.1093/nar/13.6.2045. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  49. Prives C., Murakami Y., Kern F. G., Folk W., Basilico C., Hurwitz J. DNA sequence requirements for replication of polyomavirus DNA in vivo and in vitro. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Oct;7(10):3694–3704. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.10.3694. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  50. Rawlins D. R., Rosenfeld P. J., Wides R. J., Challberg M. D., Kelly T. J., Jr Structure and function of the adenovirus origin of replication. Cell. 1984 May;37(1):309–319. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90327-1. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  51. Rio D. C., Tjian R. SV40 T antigen binding site mutations that affect autoregulation. Cell. 1983 Apr;32(4):1227–1240. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(83)90305-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  52. Ronai Z. A., Weinstein I. B. Identification of a UV-induced trans-acting protein that stimulates polyomavirus DNA replication. J Virol. 1988 Mar;62(3):1057–1060. doi: 10.1128/jvi.62.3.1057-1060.1988. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  53. Rosenfeld P. J., O'Neill E. A., Wides R. J., Kelly T. J. Sequence-specific interactions between cellular DNA-binding proteins and the adenovirus origin of DNA replication. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Feb;7(2):875–886. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.2.875. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  54. Ryder K., DeLucia A. L., Tegtmeyer P. Binding of SV40 a protein to the BK virus origin of DNA replication. Virology. 1983 Aug;129(1):239–245. doi: 10.1016/0042-6822(83)90412-9. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  55. Scharf S. J., Horn G. T., Erlich H. A. Direct cloning and sequence analysis of enzymatically amplified genomic sequences. Science. 1986 Sep 5;233(4768):1076–1078. doi: 10.1126/science.3461561. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  56. Schöler H. R., Gruss P. Specific interaction between enhancer-containing molecules and cellular components. Cell. 1984 Feb;36(2):403–411. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(84)90233-2. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  57. Smale S. T., Tjian R. T-antigen-DNA polymerase alpha complex implicated in simian virus 40 DNA replication. Mol Cell Biol. 1986 Nov;6(11):4077–4087. doi: 10.1128/mcb.6.11.4077. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  58. Southern E. M. Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol. 1975 Nov 5;98(3):503–517. doi: 10.1016/s0022-2836(75)80083-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  59. Stillman B. W., Gluzman Y. Replication and supercoiling of simian virus 40 DNA in cell extracts from human cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1985 Aug;5(8):2051–2060. doi: 10.1128/mcb.5.8.2051. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  60. Stillman B., Gerard R. D., Guggenheimer R. A., Gluzman Y. T antigen and template requirements for SV40 DNA replication in vitro. EMBO J. 1985 Nov;4(11):2933–2939. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1985.tb04026.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  61. Tabor S., Richardson C. C. DNA sequence analysis with a modified bacteriophage T7 DNA polymerase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Jul;84(14):4767–4771. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.14.4767. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  62. Tegtmeyer P., Lewton B. A., DeLucia A. L., Wilson V. G., Ryder K. Topography of simian virus 40 A protein-DNA complexes: arrangement of protein bound to the origin of replication. J Virol. 1983 Apr;46(1):151–161. doi: 10.1128/jvi.46.1.151-161.1983. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  63. Traut W., Fanning E. Sequence-specific interactions between a cellular DNA-binding protein and the simian virus 40 origin of DNA replication. Mol Cell Biol. 1988 Feb;8(2):903–911. doi: 10.1128/mcb.8.2.903. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  64. Triezenberg S. J., Folk W. R. Essential nucleotides in the polyomavirus origin region. J Virol. 1984 Aug;51(2):437–444. doi: 10.1128/jvi.51.2.437-444.1984. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  65. Wides R. J., Challberg M. D., Rawlins D. R., Kelly T. J. Adenovirus origin of DNA replication: sequence requirements for replication in vitro. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Feb;7(2):864–874. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.2.864. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  66. Wobbe C. R., Dean F., Weissbach L., Hurwitz J. In vitro replication of duplex circular DNA containing the simian virus 40 DNA origin site. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985 Sep;82(17):5710–5714. doi: 10.1073/pnas.82.17.5710. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  67. Wold M. S., Kelly T. Purification and characterization of replication protein A, a cellular protein required for in vitro replication of simian virus 40 DNA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1988 Apr;85(8):2523–2527. doi: 10.1073/pnas.85.8.2523. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  68. Yamaguchi M., DePamphilis M. L. DNA binding site for a factor(s) required to initiate simian virus 40 DNA replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1986 Mar;83(6):1646–1650. doi: 10.1073/pnas.83.6.1646. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  69. de Villiers J., Schaffner W., Tyndall C., Lupton S., Kamen R. Polyoma virus DNA replication requires an enhancer. Nature. 1984 Nov 15;312(5991):242–246. doi: 10.1038/312242a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  70. de Wet J. R., Wood K. V., DeLuca M., Helinski D. R., Subramani S. Firefly luciferase gene: structure and expression in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1987 Feb;7(2):725–737. doi: 10.1128/mcb.7.2.725. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Journal of Virology are provided here courtesy of American Society for Microbiology (ASM)

RESOURCES