Skip to main content
The Journal of Experimental Medicine logoLink to The Journal of Experimental Medicine
. 1991 Feb 1;173(2):417–422. doi: 10.1084/jem.173.2.417

5' regulatory region of a novel cytokine gene mediates selective activation by interferon gamma

PMCID: PMC2118797  PMID: 1899103

Abstract

A newly described member of the platelet factor 4 family of cytokine genes, mig, is selectively induced by interferon gamma (IFN-gamma), and not IFN-alpha, in the mouse macrophage-like cell line RAW 264.7. Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with IFN-gamma activated mig gene transcription as determined by nuclear run-on assays. mig genomic clones were isolated, and constructs containing genomic fragments that included the mig promoter region and the CAT reporter gene were prepared. In RAW 264.7 cells transfected with these constructs, CAT activity was found to be selectively induced by IFN-gamma. A 278-bp genomic fragment containing 235 nucleotides 5' of the transcription start site was sufficient for IFN-gamma-selective induction of CAT activity. Analysis of 5' deletion mutants localized a region essential for activation by IFN-gamma to within 64 nucleotides extending from - 235 to -172. A genomic fragment containing this sequence was capable of conferring IFN-gamma inducibility to constructs with a heterologous promoter.

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (604.6 KB).

Selected References

These references are in PubMed. This may not be the complete list of references from this article.

  1. Blanar M. A., Baldwin A. S., Jr, Flavell R. A., Sharp P. A. A gamma-interferon-induced factor that binds the interferon response sequence of the MHC class I gene, H-2Kb. EMBO J. 1989 Apr;8(4):1139–1144. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1989.tb03484.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  2. Christy B., Nathans D. Functional serum response elements upstream of the growth factor-inducible gene zif268. Mol Cell Biol. 1989 Nov;9(11):4889–4895. doi: 10.1128/mcb.9.11.4889. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  3. Cohen B., Peretz D., Vaiman D., Benech P., Chebath J. Enhancer-like interferon responsive sequences of the human and murine (2'-5') oligoadenylate synthetase gene promoters. EMBO J. 1988 May;7(5):1411–1419. doi: 10.1002/j.1460-2075.1988.tb02958.x. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Colonno R. J., Pang R. H. Induction of unique mRNAs by human interferons. J Biol Chem. 1982 Aug 25;257(16):9234–9237. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  5. Dale T. C., Imam A. M., Kerr I. M., Stark G. R. Rapid activation by interferon alpha of a latent DNA-binding protein present in the cytoplasm of untreated cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1989 Feb;86(4):1203–1207. doi: 10.1073/pnas.86.4.1203. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Farber J. M. A macrophage mRNA selectively induced by gamma-interferon encodes a member of the platelet factor 4 family of cytokines. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1990 Jul;87(14):5238–5242. doi: 10.1073/pnas.87.14.5238. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Friedman R. L., Stark G. R. alpha-Interferon-induced transcription of HLA and metallothionein genes containing homologous upstream sequences. Nature. 1985 Apr 18;314(6012):637–639. doi: 10.1038/314637a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  8. Gorman C. M., Moffat L. F., Howard B. H. Recombinant genomes which express chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in mammalian cells. Mol Cell Biol. 1982 Sep;2(9):1044–1051. doi: 10.1128/mcb.2.9.1044. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  9. Imagawa M., Chiu R., Karin M. Transcription factor AP-2 mediates induction by two different signal-transduction pathways: protein kinase C and cAMP. Cell. 1987 Oct 23;51(2):251–260. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(87)90152-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  10. Lau L. F., Nathans D. Expression of a set of growth-related immediate early genes in BALB/c 3T3 cells: coordinate regulation with c-fos or c-myc. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1987 Mar;84(5):1182–1186. doi: 10.1073/pnas.84.5.1182. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  11. Lenardo M. J., Baltimore D. NF-kappa B: a pleiotropic mediator of inducible and tissue-specific gene control. Cell. 1989 Jul 28;58(2):227–229. doi: 10.1016/0092-8674(89)90833-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  12. Levy D. E., Kessler D. S., Pine R., Reich N., Darnell J. E., Jr Interferon-induced nuclear factors that bind a shared promoter element correlate with positive and negative transcriptional control. Genes Dev. 1988 Apr;2(4):383–393. doi: 10.1101/gad.2.4.383. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  13. Luckow B., Schütz G. CAT constructions with multiple unique restriction sites for the functional analysis of eukaryotic promoters and regulatory elements. Nucleic Acids Res. 1987 Jul 10;15(13):5490–5490. doi: 10.1093/nar/15.13.5490. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  14. Marzluff W. F., Jr, Murphy E. C., Jr, Huang R. C. Transcription of ribonucleic acid in isolated mouse myeloma nuclei. Biochemistry. 1973 Aug 28;12(18):3440–3446. doi: 10.1021/bi00742a013. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  15. Pestka S., Langer J. A., Zoon K. C., Samuel C. E. Interferons and their actions. Annu Rev Biochem. 1987;56:727–777. doi: 10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.003455. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  16. Vanguri P., Farber J. M. Identification of CRG-2. An interferon-inducible mRNA predicted to encode a murine monokine. J Biol Chem. 1990 Sep 5;265(25):15049–15057. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  17. Weil J., Epstein C. J., Epstein L. B., Sedmak J. J., Sabran J. L., Grossberg S. E. A unique set of polypeptides is induced by gamma interferon in addition to those induced in common with alpha and beta interferons. Nature. 1983 Feb 3;301(5899):437–439. doi: 10.1038/301437a0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from The Journal of Experimental Medicine are provided here courtesy of The Rockefeller University Press

RESOURCES