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In Search of Liver Cancer Stem Cells

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Abstract

Recent research efforts in stem cell and cancer biology have put forth a “stem cell model of carcinogenesis” which stipulates that the capability to maintain tumor formation and growth specifically resides in a small population of cells called cancer stem cells. The stem cell-like characteristics of these cells, including their ability to self-renew and differentiate; and their limited number within the bulk of the tumor mass, are believed to account for their capability to escape conventional therapies. In the past few years, the hypothesis of stem cell-driven tumorigenesis in liver cancer has received substantial support from the recent ability to identify and isolate a subpopulation of liver cancer cells that is not only able to initiate tumor growth, but also serially establish themselves as tumor xenografts with high efficiency and consistency. In this review, stem cell biology that contributes to explain tumor development in the particular context of liver cancer will be discussed. We will begin by briefly considering the knowledge available on normal liver stem cells and their role in tissue renewal and regeneration. We will then summarize the current scientific knowledge of liver cancer stem cells, discuss their relevance to the diagnosis and treatment of the disease and consider the outstanding challenges and potential opportunities that lie ahead of us.

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Abbreviations

HPC:

hepatic progenitor cells

HSC:

hematopoietic stem cells

CSCs:

cancer stem cells

HCC:

hepatocellular carcinoma

HBV:

hepatitis B virus

HCV:

hepatitis C virus

SP:

side population

PEI:

percutaneous ethanol injection

RFA:

radiofrequency ablation

TACE:

transarterial chemoembolization

ALDH:

aldehyde dehydrogenase

ALL:

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

AML:

acute myeloid leukemia

NOD/SCID:

non-obese severe-combined immunodeficient

ATP:

adenosine triphosphate

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departments of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China

    Stephanie Ma & Kwok Wah Chan

  2. Departments of Clincial Oncology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China

    Stephanie Ma & Xin-Yuan Guan

  3. Department of Clinical Oncology, The University of Hong Kong, Room L10–56, 10/F, Laboratory Block, 21 Sassoon Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China

    Xin-Yuan Guan

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Ma, S., Chan, K.W. & Guan, XY. In Search of Liver Cancer Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev 4, 179–192 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12015-008-9035-z

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