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Functional roles of HIV-1 Tat protein in the nucleus

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Abstract

Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) Tat protein is one of the most important regulatory proteins for viral gene expression in the host cell and can modulate different cellular processes. In addition, Tat is secreted by the infected cell and can be internalized by neighboring cells; therefore, it affects both infected and uninfected cells. Tat can modulate cellular processes by interacting with different cellular structures and signaling pathways. In the nucleus, Tat might be localized either in the nucleoplasm or the nucleolus depending on its concentration. Here we review the distinct functions of Tat in the nucleoplasm and the nucleolus in connection with viral infection and HIV-induced oncogenesis.

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Abbreviations

BL:

Burkitt lymphoma

HIV-1:

Human immunodeficiency virus 1

LTR:

Long terminal repeat

NLS:

Nuclear localization signal

NoLS:

Nucleolar localization signal

TAR:

Trans-activation responsive region

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project 14-15-00199).

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    Authors and Affiliations

    1. A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia

      Yana R. Musinova, Eugene V. Sheval & Yegor S. Vassetzky

    2. LIA 1066 French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, 94805, Villejuif, France

      Yana R. Musinova, Eugene V. Sheval, Carla Dib, Diego Germini & Yegor S. Vassetzky

    3. UMR8126, Université Paris-Sud, CNRS, Institut de cancérologie Gustave Roussy, 94805, Villejuif, France

      Carla Dib, Diego Germini & Yegor S. Vassetzky

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    1. Yana R. Musinova
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    Correspondence to Yegor S. Vassetzky.

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    Y. R. Musinova and E. V. Sheval contributed equally to this work.

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    Musinova, Y.R., Sheval, E.V., Dib, C. et al. Functional roles of HIV-1 Tat protein in the nucleus. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 73, 589–601 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-2077-x

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