Reference Paper : The cryptographic hash function SHA-256

SHA-256 (Secure Hash Algorithm 256) is a cryptographic hash function that produces a 256-bit (32-byte) hash value for any input.

The implementation follows the SHA-256 algorithm, which consists of the following main steps:

1. Input Preprocessing: Convert the input message into a bit representation and apply necessary padding.
2. Block Processing: Divide the padded message into 512-bit blocks.
3. Hash Computation: For each block, compute the hash using a series of logical operations and constants.
4. Output the Final Hash: Combine the computed hash values into a final output.

• rotr(x uint32, n uint) uint32: Right rotates a 32-bit integer.
• sigma0(x uint32) uint32: Auxiliary function for SHA-256.
• sigma1(x uint32) uint32: Auxiliary function for SHA-256.
• summation0(x uint32) uint32: Auxiliary function for SHA-256.
• summation1(x uint32) uint32: Auxiliary function for SHA-256.
• ch(x, y, z uint32) uint32: Choice function for SHA-256.
• maj(x, y, z uint32) uint32: Majority function for SHA-256.
• generateMessageSchedule(block []uint32) []uint32: Generates the message schedule for the current block.