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service_loadbalancer.go
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service_loadbalancer.go
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/*
Copyright 2015 The Kubernetes Authors.
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at
http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
*/
package main
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"io"
"io/ioutil"
"net/http"
"os"
"os/exec"
"reflect"
"sort"
"strconv"
"strings"
"text/template"
"time"
"github.com/golang/glog"
flag "github.com/spf13/pflag"
"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/api"
"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/client/cache"
"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/client/unversioned"
"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/controller/framework"
"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/fields"
kubectl_util "k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/kubectl/cmd/util"
"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util"
"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util/intstr"
"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util/wait"
"k8s.io/kubernetes/pkg/util/workqueue"
)
const (
reloadQPS = 10.0
resyncPeriod = 10 * time.Second
lbApiPort = 8081
lbAlgorithmKey = "serviceloadbalancer/lb.algorithm"
lbHostKey = "serviceloadbalancer/lb.host"
lbSslTerm = "serviceloadbalancer/lb.sslTerm"
lbAclMatch = "serviceloadbalancer/lb.aclMatch"
lbCookieStickySessionKey = "serviceloadbalancer/lb.cookie-sticky-session"
defaultErrorPage = "file:///etc/haproxy/errors/404.http"
)
var (
flags = flag.NewFlagSet("", flag.ContinueOnError)
// keyFunc for endpoints and services.
keyFunc = framework.DeletionHandlingMetaNamespaceKeyFunc
// Error used to indicate that a sync is deferred because the controller isn't ready yet
errDeferredSync = fmt.Errorf("deferring sync till endpoints controller has synced")
// See https://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/configuration-1.5.html#4.2-balance
// In brief:
// * roundrobin: backend with the highest weight (how is this set?) receives new connection
// * leastconn: backend with least connections receives new connection
// * first: first server sorted by server id, with an available slot receives connection
// * source: connection given to backend based on hash of source ip
supportedAlgorithms = []string{"roundrobin", "leastconn", "first", "source"}
config = flags.String("cfg", "loadbalancer.json", `path to load balancer json config.
Note that this is *not* the path to the configuration file for the load balancer
itself, but rather, the path to the json configuration of how you would like the
load balancer to behave in the kubernetes cluster.`)
dry = flags.Bool("dry", false, `if set, a single dry run of configuration
parsing is executed. Results written to stdout.`)
cluster = flags.Bool("use-kubernetes-cluster-service", true, `If true, use the built in kubernetes
cluster for creating the client`)
// If you have pure tcp services or https services that need L3 routing, you
// must specify them by name. Note that you are responsible for:
// 1. Making sure there is no collision between the service ports of these services.
// - You can have multiple <mysql svc name>:3306 specifications in this map, and as
// long as the service ports of your mysql service don't clash, you'll get
// loadbalancing for each one.
// 2. Exposing the service ports as node ports on a pod.
// 3. Adding firewall rules so these ports can ingress traffic.
//
// Any service not specified in this map is treated as an http:80 service,
// unless TargetService dictates otherwise.
tcpServices = flags.String("tcp-services", "", `Comma separated list of tcp/https
serviceName:servicePort pairings. This assumes you've opened up the right
hostPorts for each service that serves ingress traffic.`)
targetService = flags.String(
"target-service", "", `Restrict loadbalancing to a single target service.`)
// ForwardServices == true:
// The lb just forwards packets to the vip of the service and we use
// kube-proxy's inbuilt load balancing. You get rules:
// backend svc_p1: svc_ip:p1
// backend svc_p2: svc_ip:p2
//
// ForwardServices == false:
// The lb is configured to match up services to endpoints. So for example,
// you have (svc:p1, p2 -> tp1, tp2) we essentially get all endpoints with
// the same targetport and create a new svc backend for them, i.e:
// backend svc_p1: pod1:tp1, pod2:tp1
// backend svc_p2: pod1:tp2, pod2:tp2
forwardServices = flags.Bool("forward-services", false, `Forward to service vip
instead of endpoints. This will use kube-proxy's inbuilt load balancing.`)
httpPort = flags.Int("http-port", 80, `Port to expose http services.`)
statsPort = flags.Int("stats-port", 1936, `Port for loadbalancer stats,
Used in the loadbalancer liveness probe.`)
startSyslog = flags.Bool("syslog", false, `if set, it will start a syslog server
that will forward haproxy logs to stdout.`)
sslCert = flags.String("ssl-cert", "", `if set, it will load the certificate.`)
sslCaCert = flags.String("ssl-ca-cert", "", `if set, it will load the certificate from which
to load CA certificates used to verify client's certificate.`)
errorPage = flags.String("error-page", "", `if set, it will try to load the content
as a web page and use the content as error page. Is required that the URL returns
200 as a status code`)
defaultReturnCode = flags.Int("default-return-code", 404, `if set, this HTTP code is written
out for requests that don't match other rules.`)
lbDefAlgorithm = flags.String("balance-algorithm", "roundrobin", `if set, it allows a custom
default balance algorithm.`)
)
// service encapsulates a single backend entry in the load balancer config.
// The Ep field can contain the ips of the pods that make up a service, or the
// clusterIP of the service itself (in which case the list has a single entry,
// and kubernetes handles loadbalancing across the service endpoints).
type service struct {
Name string
Ep []string
// Kubernetes endpoint port. The application must serve a 200 page on this port.
BackendPort int
// FrontendPort is the port that the loadbalancer listens on for traffic
// for this service. For http, it's always :80, for each tcp service it
// is the service port of any service matching a name in the tcpServices set.
FrontendPort int
// Host if not empty it will add a new haproxy acl to route traffic using the
// host header inside the http request. It only applies to http traffic.
Host string
// if true, terminate ssl using the loadbalancers certificates.
SslTerm bool
// if set use this to match the path rule
AclMatch string
// Algorithm
Algorithm string
// If SessionAffinity is set and without CookieStickySession, requests are routed to
// a backend based on client ip. If both SessionAffinity and CookieStickSession are
// set, a SERVERID cookie is inserted by the loadbalancer and used to route subsequent
// requests. If neither is set, requests are routed based on the algorithm.
// Indicates if the service must use sticky sessions
// http://cbonte.github.io/haproxy-dconv/configuration-1.5.html#stick-table
// Enabled using the attribute service.spec.sessionAffinity
// https://github.com/kubernetes/kubernetes/blob/master/docs/user-guide/services.md#virtual-ips-and-service-proxies
SessionAffinity bool
// CookieStickySession use a cookie to enable sticky sessions.
// The name of the cookie is SERVERID
// This only can be used in http services
CookieStickySession bool
}
type serviceByName []service
func (s serviceByName) Len() int {
return len(s)
}
func (s serviceByName) Swap(i, j int) {
s[i], s[j] = s[j], s[i]
}
func (s serviceByName) Less(i, j int) bool {
return s[i].Name < s[j].Name
}
// loadBalancerConfig represents loadbalancer specific configuration. Eventually
// kubernetes will have an api for l7 loadbalancing.
type loadBalancerConfig struct {
Name string `json:"name" description:"Name of the load balancer, eg: haproxy."`
ReloadCmd string `json:"reloadCmd" description:"command used to reload the load balancer."`
Config string `json:"config" description:"path to loadbalancers configuration file."`
Template string `json:"template" description:"template for the load balancer config."`
Algorithm string `json:"algorithm" description:"loadbalancing algorithm."`
startSyslog bool `description:"indicates if the load balancer uses syslog."`
sslCert string `json:"sslCert" description:"PEM for ssl."`
sslCaCert string `json:"sslCaCert" description:"PEM to verify client's certificate."`
lbDefAlgorithm string `description:"custom default load balancer algorithm".`
}
type staticPageHandler struct {
pagePath string
pageContents []byte
returnCode int
c *http.Client
}
type serviceAnnotations map[string]string
func (s serviceAnnotations) getAlgorithm() (string, bool) {
val, ok := s[lbAlgorithmKey]
return val, ok
}
func (s serviceAnnotations) getHost() (string, bool) {
val, ok := s[lbHostKey]
return val, ok
}
func (s serviceAnnotations) getCookieStickySession() (string, bool) {
val, ok := s[lbCookieStickySessionKey]
return val, ok
}
func (s serviceAnnotations) getSslTerm() (string, bool) {
val, ok := s[lbSslTerm]
return val, ok
}
func (s serviceAnnotations) getAclMatch() (string, bool) {
val, ok := s[lbAclMatch]
return val, ok
}
// Get serves the error page
func (s *staticPageHandler) Getfunc(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
w.WriteHeader(s.returnCode)
w.Write(s.pageContents)
}
// newStaticPageHandler returns a staticPageHandles with the contents of pagePath loaded and ready to serve
// page is a url to the page to load.
// defaultPage is the page to load if page is unreachable.
// returnCode is the HTTP code to write along with the page/defaultPage.
func newStaticPageHandler(page string, defaultPage string, returnCode int) *staticPageHandler {
t := &http.Transport{}
t.RegisterProtocol("file", http.NewFileTransport(http.Dir("/")))
c := &http.Client{Transport: t}
s := &staticPageHandler{c: c}
if err := s.loadUrl(page); err != nil {
s.loadUrl(defaultPage)
}
s.returnCode = returnCode
return s
}
func (s *staticPageHandler) loadUrl(url string) error {
res, err := s.c.Get(url)
if err != nil {
return err
}
defer res.Body.Close()
body, err := ioutil.ReadAll(res.Body)
if err != nil {
glog.Errorf("%v", err)
return err
}
glog.V(2).Infof("Error page:\n%v", string(body))
s.pagePath = url
s.pageContents = body
return nil
}
// write writes the configuration file, will write to stdout if dryRun == true
func (cfg *loadBalancerConfig) write(services map[string][]service, dryRun bool) (err error) {
var w io.Writer
if dryRun {
w = os.Stdout
} else {
w, err = os.Create(cfg.Config)
if err != nil {
return
}
}
var t *template.Template
t, err = template.ParseFiles(cfg.Template)
if err != nil {
return
}
conf := make(map[string]interface{})
conf["startSyslog"] = strconv.FormatBool(cfg.startSyslog)
conf["services"] = services
var sslConfig string
if cfg.sslCert != "" {
sslConfig = "crt " + cfg.sslCert
}
if cfg.sslCaCert != "" {
sslConfig += " ca-file " + cfg.sslCaCert
}
conf["sslCert"] = sslConfig
// default load balancer algorithm is roundrobin
conf["defLbAlgorithm"] = lbDefAlgorithm
if cfg.lbDefAlgorithm != "" {
conf["defLbAlgorithm"] = cfg.lbDefAlgorithm
}
err = t.Execute(w, conf)
return
}
// reload reloads the loadbalancer using the reload cmd specified in the json manifest.
func (cfg *loadBalancerConfig) reload() error {
output, err := exec.Command("sh", "-c", cfg.ReloadCmd).CombinedOutput()
msg := fmt.Sprintf("%v -- %v", cfg.Name, string(output))
if err != nil {
return fmt.Errorf("error restarting %v: %v", msg, err)
}
glog.Infof(msg)
return nil
}
// loadBalancerController watches the kubernetes api and adds/removes services
// from the loadbalancer, via loadBalancerConfig.
type loadBalancerController struct {
cfg *loadBalancerConfig
queue *workqueue.Type
client *unversioned.Client
epController *framework.Controller
svcController *framework.Controller
svcLister cache.StoreToServiceLister
epLister cache.StoreToEndpointsLister
reloadRateLimiter util.RateLimiter
template string
targetService string
forwardServices bool
tcpServices map[string]int
httpPort int
}
// getTargetPort returns the numeric value of TargetPort
func getTargetPort(servicePort *api.ServicePort) int {
return servicePort.TargetPort.IntValue()
}
// getEndpoints returns a list of <endpoint ip>:<port> for a given service/target port combination.
func (lbc *loadBalancerController) getEndpoints(
s *api.Service, servicePort *api.ServicePort) (endpoints []string) {
ep, err := lbc.epLister.GetServiceEndpoints(s)
if err != nil {
return
}
// The intent here is to create a union of all subsets that match a targetPort.
// We know the endpoint already matches the service, so all pod ips that have
// the target port are capable of service traffic for it.
for _, ss := range ep.Subsets {
for _, epPort := range ss.Ports {
var targetPort int
switch servicePort.TargetPort.Type {
case intstr.Int:
if epPort.Port == getTargetPort(servicePort) {
targetPort = epPort.Port
}
case intstr.String:
if epPort.Name == servicePort.TargetPort.StrVal {
targetPort = epPort.Port
}
}
if targetPort == 0 {
continue
}
for _, epAddress := range ss.Addresses {
endpoints = append(endpoints, fmt.Sprintf("%v:%v", epAddress.IP, targetPort))
}
}
}
return
}
// encapsulates all the hacky convenience type name modifications for lb rules.
// - :80 services don't need a :80 postfix
// - default ns should be accessible without /ns/name (when we have /ns support)
func getServiceNameForLBRule(s *api.Service, servicePort int) string {
if servicePort == 80 {
return s.Name
}
return fmt.Sprintf("%v:%v", s.Name, servicePort)
}
// getServices returns a list of services and their endpoints.
func (lbc *loadBalancerController) getServices() (httpSvc []service, httpsTermSvc []service, tcpSvc []service) {
ep := []string{}
services, _ := lbc.svcLister.List()
for _, s := range services.Items {
if s.Spec.Type == api.ServiceTypeLoadBalancer {
glog.Infof("Ignoring service %v, it already has a loadbalancer", s.Name)
continue
}
for _, servicePort := range s.Spec.Ports {
// TODO: headless services?
sName := s.Name
if servicePort.Protocol == api.ProtocolUDP ||
(lbc.targetService != "" && lbc.targetService != sName) {
glog.Infof("Ignoring %v: %+v", sName, servicePort)
continue
}
if lbc.forwardServices {
ep = []string{
fmt.Sprintf("%v:%v", s.Spec.ClusterIP, servicePort.Port)}
} else {
ep = lbc.getEndpoints(&s, &servicePort)
}
if len(ep) == 0 {
glog.Infof("No endpoints found for service %v, port %+v",
sName, servicePort)
continue
}
newSvc := service{
Name: getServiceNameForLBRule(&s, servicePort.Port),
Ep: ep,
BackendPort: getTargetPort(&servicePort),
}
if val, ok := serviceAnnotations(s.ObjectMeta.Annotations).getHost(); ok {
newSvc.Host = val
}
if val, ok := serviceAnnotations(s.ObjectMeta.Annotations).getAlgorithm(); ok {
for _, current := range supportedAlgorithms {
if val == current {
newSvc.Algorithm = val
break
}
}
} else {
newSvc.Algorithm = lbc.cfg.lbDefAlgorithm
}
// By default sticky session is disabled
newSvc.SessionAffinity = false
if s.Spec.SessionAffinity != "" {
newSvc.SessionAffinity = true
}
// By default sslTerm is disabled
newSvc.SslTerm = false
if val, ok := serviceAnnotations(s.ObjectMeta.Annotations).getSslTerm(); ok {
b, err := strconv.ParseBool(val)
if err == nil {
newSvc.SslTerm = b
}
}
if val, ok := serviceAnnotations(s.ObjectMeta.Annotations).getAclMatch(); ok {
newSvc.AclMatch = val
}
if port, ok := lbc.tcpServices[sName]; ok && port == servicePort.Port {
newSvc.FrontendPort = servicePort.Port
tcpSvc = append(tcpSvc, newSvc)
} else {
if val, ok := serviceAnnotations(s.ObjectMeta.Annotations).getCookieStickySession(); ok {
b, err := strconv.ParseBool(val)
if err == nil {
newSvc.CookieStickySession = b
}
}
newSvc.FrontendPort = lbc.httpPort
if newSvc.SslTerm == true {
httpsTermSvc = append(httpsTermSvc, newSvc)
} else {
httpSvc = append(httpSvc, newSvc)
}
}
glog.Infof("Found service: %+v", newSvc)
}
}
sort.Sort(serviceByName(httpSvc))
sort.Sort(serviceByName(httpsTermSvc))
sort.Sort(serviceByName(tcpSvc))
return
}
// sync all services with the loadbalancer.
func (lbc *loadBalancerController) sync(dryRun bool) error {
if !lbc.epController.HasSynced() || !lbc.svcController.HasSynced() {
time.Sleep(100 * time.Millisecond)
return errDeferredSync
}
httpSvc, httpsTermSvc, tcpSvc := lbc.getServices()
if len(httpSvc) == 0 && len(httpsTermSvc) == 0 && len(tcpSvc) == 0 {
return nil
}
if err := lbc.cfg.write(
map[string][]service{
"http": httpSvc,
"httpsTerm": httpsTermSvc,
"tcp": tcpSvc,
}, dryRun); err != nil {
return err
}
if dryRun {
return nil
}
return lbc.cfg.reload()
}
// worker handles the work queue.
func (lbc *loadBalancerController) worker() {
for {
key, _ := lbc.queue.Get()
glog.Infof("Sync triggered by service %v", key)
if err := lbc.sync(false); err != nil {
glog.Warningf("Requeuing %v because of error: %v", key, err)
lbc.queue.Add(key)
}
lbc.queue.Done(key)
}
}
// newLoadBalancerController creates a new controller from the given config.
func newLoadBalancerController(cfg *loadBalancerConfig, kubeClient *unversioned.Client, namespace string, tcpServices map[string]int) *loadBalancerController {
lbc := loadBalancerController{
cfg: cfg,
client: kubeClient,
queue: workqueue.New(),
reloadRateLimiter: util.NewTokenBucketRateLimiter(
reloadQPS, int(reloadQPS)),
targetService: *targetService,
forwardServices: *forwardServices,
httpPort: *httpPort,
tcpServices: tcpServices,
}
enqueue := func(obj interface{}) {
key, err := keyFunc(obj)
if err != nil {
glog.Infof("Couldn't get key for object %+v: %v", obj, err)
return
}
lbc.queue.Add(key)
}
eventHandlers := framework.ResourceEventHandlerFuncs{
AddFunc: enqueue,
DeleteFunc: enqueue,
UpdateFunc: func(old, cur interface{}) {
if !reflect.DeepEqual(old, cur) {
enqueue(cur)
}
},
}
lbc.svcLister.Store, lbc.svcController = framework.NewInformer(
cache.NewListWatchFromClient(
lbc.client, "services", namespace, fields.Everything()),
&api.Service{}, resyncPeriod, eventHandlers)
lbc.epLister.Store, lbc.epController = framework.NewInformer(
cache.NewListWatchFromClient(
lbc.client, "endpoints", namespace, fields.Everything()),
&api.Endpoints{}, resyncPeriod, eventHandlers)
return &lbc
}
// parseCfg parses the given configuration file.
// cmd line params take precedence over config directives.
func parseCfg(configPath string, defLbAlgorithm string, sslCert string, sslCaCert string) *loadBalancerConfig {
jsonBlob, err := ioutil.ReadFile(configPath)
if err != nil {
glog.Fatalf("Could not parse lb config: %v", err)
}
var cfg loadBalancerConfig
err = json.Unmarshal(jsonBlob, &cfg)
if err != nil {
glog.Fatalf("Unable to unmarshal json blob: %v", string(jsonBlob))
}
cfg.sslCert = sslCert
cfg.sslCaCert = sslCaCert
cfg.lbDefAlgorithm = defLbAlgorithm
glog.Infof("Creating new loadbalancer: %+v", cfg)
return &cfg
}
// registerHandlers services liveness probes.
func registerHandlers(s *staticPageHandler) {
http.HandleFunc("/healthz", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
// Delegate a check to the haproxy stats service.
response, err := http.Get(fmt.Sprintf("http://localhost:%v", *statsPort))
if err != nil {
glog.Infof("Error %v", err)
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
} else {
defer response.Body.Close()
if response.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
contents, err := ioutil.ReadAll(response.Body)
if err != nil {
glog.Infof("Error reading resonse on receiving status %v: %v",
response.StatusCode, err)
}
glog.Infof("%v\n", string(contents))
w.WriteHeader(response.StatusCode)
} else {
w.WriteHeader(200)
w.Write([]byte("ok"))
}
}
})
// handler for not matched traffic
http.HandleFunc("/", s.Getfunc)
glog.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(fmt.Sprintf(":%v", lbApiPort), nil))
}
func parseTCPServices(tcpServices string) map[string]int {
tcpSvcs := make(map[string]int)
for _, service := range strings.Split(tcpServices, ",") {
portSplit := strings.Split(service, ":")
if len(portSplit) != 2 {
glog.Errorf("Ignoring misconfigured TCP service %v", service)
continue
}
if port, err := strconv.Atoi(portSplit[1]); err != nil {
glog.Errorf("Ignoring misconfigured TCP service %v: %v", service, err)
continue
} else {
glog.Infof("Adding TCP service %v", service)
tcpSvcs[portSplit[0]] = port
}
}
return tcpSvcs
}
func dryRun(lbc *loadBalancerController) {
var err error
for err = lbc.sync(true); err == errDeferredSync; err = lbc.sync(true) {
}
if err != nil {
glog.Infof("ERROR: %+v", err)
}
}
func main() {
clientConfig := kubectl_util.DefaultClientConfig(flags)
flags.Parse(os.Args)
cfg := parseCfg(*config, *lbDefAlgorithm, *sslCert, *sslCaCert)
var kubeClient *unversioned.Client
var err error
defErrorPage := newStaticPageHandler(*errorPage, defaultErrorPage, *defaultReturnCode)
if defErrorPage == nil {
glog.Fatalf("Failed to load the default error page")
}
go registerHandlers(defErrorPage)
var tcpSvcs map[string]int
if *tcpServices != "" {
tcpSvcs = parseTCPServices(*tcpServices)
} else {
glog.Infof("No tcp/https services specified")
}
if *startSyslog {
cfg.startSyslog = true
_, err = newSyslogServer("/var/run/haproxy.log.socket")
if err != nil {
glog.Fatalf("Failed to start syslog server: %v", err)
}
}
if *cluster {
if kubeClient, err = unversioned.NewInCluster(); err != nil {
glog.Fatalf("Failed to create client: %v", err)
}
} else {
config, err := clientConfig.ClientConfig()
if err != nil {
glog.Fatalf("error connecting to the client: %v", err)
}
if kubeClient, err = unversioned.New(config); err != nil {
glog.Fatalf("Failed to create client: %v", err)
}
}
namespace, specified, err := clientConfig.Namespace()
if err != nil {
glog.Fatalf("unexpected error: %v", err)
}
if !specified {
namespace = api.NamespaceAll
}
// TODO: Handle multiple namespaces
lbc := newLoadBalancerController(cfg, kubeClient, namespace, tcpSvcs)
go lbc.epController.Run(wait.NeverStop)
go lbc.svcController.Run(wait.NeverStop)
if *dry {
dryRun(lbc)
} else {
lbc.cfg.reload()
wait.Until(lbc.worker, time.Second, wait.NeverStop)
}
}