[LeetCode] 98. Validate Binary Search Tree #98

grandyang · 2019-05-30T16:15:05Z

Given a binary tree, determine if it is a valid binary search tree (BST).

Assume a BST is defined as follows:

The left subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys less than the node's key.
The right subtree of a node contains only nodes with keys greater than the node's key.
Both the left and right subtrees must also be binary search trees.

Example 1:

Input:
    2
   / \
  1   3
Output: true

Example 2:

    5
   / \
  1   4
     / \
    3   6
Output: false
Explanation: The input is: [5,1,4,null,null,3,6]. The root node's value
             is 5 but its right child's value is 4.

这道验证二叉搜索树有很多种解法，可以利用它本身的性质来做，即左<根<右，也可以通过利用中序遍历结果为有序数列来做，下面我们先来看最简单的一种，就是利用其本身性质来做，初始化时带入系统最大值和最小值，在递归过程中换成它们自己的节点值，用long代替int就是为了包括int的边界条件，代码如下：

C++ 解法一：

// Recursion without inorder traversal
class Solution {
public:
    bool isValidBST(TreeNode* root) {
        return isValidBST(root, LONG_MIN, LONG_MAX);
    }
    bool isValidBST(TreeNode* root, long mn, long mx) {
        if (!root) return true;
        if (root->val <= mn || root->val >= mx) return false;
        return isValidBST(root->left, mn, root->val) && isValidBST(root->right, root->val, mx);
    }
};

Java 解法一：

public class Solution {
    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
        if (root == null) return true;
        return valid(root, Long.MIN_VALUE, Long.MAX_VALUE);
    }
    public boolean valid(TreeNode root, long low, long high) {
        if (root == null) return true;
        if (root.val <= low || root.val >= high) return false;
        return valid(root.left, low, root.val) && valid(root.right, root.val, high);
    }
}

这题实际上简化了难度，因为有的时候题目中的二叉搜索树会定义为左<=根<右，而这道题设定为一般情况左<根<右，那么就可以用中序遍历来做。因为如果不去掉左=根这个条件的话，那么下边两个数用中序遍历无法区分：

   20       20
   /         \
20           20

它们的中序遍历结果都一样，但是左边的是 BST，右边的不是 BST。去掉等号的条件则相当于去掉了这种限制条件。下面来看使用中序遍历来做，这种方法思路很直接，通过中序遍历将所有的节点值存到一个数组里，然后再来判断这个数组是不是有序的，代码如下：

C++ 解法二：

// Recursion
class Solution {
public:
    bool isValidBST(TreeNode* root) {
        if (!root) return true;
        vector<int> vals;
        inorder(root, vals);
        for (int i = 0; i < vals.size() - 1; ++i) {
            if (vals[i] >= vals[i + 1]) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
    void inorder(TreeNode* root, vector<int>& vals) {
        if (!root) return;
        inorder(root->left, vals);
        vals.push_back(root->val);
        inorder(root->right, vals);
    }
};

Java 解法二：

public class Solution {
    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
        List<Integer> list = new ArrayList<Integer>();
        inorder(root, list);
        for (int i = 0; i < list.size() - 1; ++i) {
            if (list.get(i) >= list.get(i + 1)) return false;
        }
        return true;
    }
    public void inorder(TreeNode node, List<Integer> list) {
        if (node == null) return;
        inorder(node.left, list);
        list.add(node.val);
        inorder(node.right, list);
    }
}

下面这种解法跟上面那个很类似，都是用递归的中序遍历，但不同之处是不将遍历结果存入一个数组遍历完成再比较，而是每当遍历到一个新节点时和其上一个节点比较，如果不大于上一个节点那么则返回 false，全部遍历完成后返回 true。代码如下：

C++ 解法三：

class Solution {
public:
    bool isValidBST(TreeNode* root) {
        TreeNode *pre = NULL;
        return inorder(root, pre);
    }
    bool inorder(TreeNode* node, TreeNode*& pre) {
        if (!node) return true;
        bool res = inorder(node->left, pre);
        if (!res) return false;
        if (pre) {
            if (node->val <= pre->val) return false;
        }
        pre = node;
        return inorder(node->right, pre);
    }
};

当然这道题也可以用非递归来做，需要用到栈，因为中序遍历可以非递归来实现，所以只要在其上面稍加改动便可，代码如下：

C++ 解法四：

class Solution {
public:
    bool isValidBST(TreeNode* root) {
        stack<TreeNode*> s;
        TreeNode *p = root, *pre = NULL;
        while (p || !s.empty()) {
            while (p) {
                s.push(p);
                p = p->left;
            }
            p = s.top(); s.pop();
            if (pre && p->val <= pre->val) return false;
            pre = p;
            p = p->right;
        }
        return true;
    }
};

Java 解法四：

public class Solution {
    public boolean isValidBST(TreeNode root) {
        Stack<TreeNode> s = new Stack<TreeNode>();
        TreeNode p = root, pre = null;
        while (p != null || !s.empty()) {
            while (p != null) {
                s.push(p);
                p = p.left;
            }
            p = s.pop();
            if (pre != null && p.val <= pre.val) return false;
            pre = p;
            p = p.right;
        }
        return true;
    }
}

最后还有一种方法，由于中序遍历还有非递归且无栈的实现方法，称之为 Morris 遍历，可以参考博主之前的博客 Binary Tree Inorder Traversal，这种实现方法虽然写起来比递归版本要复杂的多，但是好处在于是 O(1) 空间复杂度，参见代码如下：

C++ 解法五:

class Solution {
public:
    bool isValidBST(TreeNode *root) {
        if (!root) return true;
        TreeNode *cur = root, *pre, *parent = NULL;
        bool res = true;
        while (cur) {
            if (!cur->left) {
                if (parent && parent->val >= cur->val) res = false;
                parent = cur;
                cur = cur->right;
            } else {
                pre = cur->left;
                while (pre->right && pre->right != cur) pre = pre->right;
                if (!pre->right) {
                    pre->right = cur;
                    cur = cur->left;
                } else {
                    pre->right = NULL;
                    if (parent->val >= cur->val) res = false;
                    parent = cur;
                    cur = cur->right;
                }
            }
        }
        return res;
    }
};

Github 同步地址：

#98

类似题目：

Binary Tree Inorder Traversal

Find Mode in Binary Search Tree

参考资料：

https://leetcode.com/problems/validate-binary-search-tree/

https://leetcode.com/problems/validate-binary-search-tree/discuss/32101/My-java-inorder-iteration-solution

https://leetcode.com/problems/validate-binary-search-tree/discuss/32109/My-simple-Java-solution-in-3-lines

https://leetcode.com/problems/validate-binary-search-tree/discuss/32112/Learn-one-iterative-inorder-traversal-apply-it-to-multiple-tree-questions-(Java-Solution)

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