Other changes:
* replace `:total` with the less powerful `:foldable`
* add an `<:Integer` dispatch constraint on the `rationalize` method,
closes #55872
* replace `Rational{<:Integer}` with just `Rational`, they're equal

Other issues, related to `BigFloat` precision, are still present in
irrationals.jl, to be fixed by followup PRs, including #55853.

Fixes #55874

(cherry picked from commit d60837f)

Implementing `widen` isn't a requirement any more, since #26022.

(cherry picked from commit e95860c)

Avoids the

```
11: signature Tuple{typeof(convert), Type{String}, Any} triggered MethodInstance for Base.Precompilation.ExplicitEnv(::String) (84 children)
```

shown in
#56080 (comment)

Co-authored-by: KristofferC <kristoffer.carlsson@juliacomputing.com>
(cherry picked from commit dc609a7)

Avoids the invalidation

```
   backedges: 1: superseding sizeof(s::AbstractString) @ Base strings/basic.jl:177 with MethodInstance for sizeof(::AbstractString) (75 children)
```

shown in
#56080 (comment).

Co-authored-by: KristofferC <kristoffer.carlsson@juliacomputing.com>
(cherry picked from commit 9844d85)

…b pkgimages (#54093)

Apparently (thanks ChatGPT) each line in a makefile is executed in a
separate shell so adding an `export` line on one line does not propagate
to the next line.

(cherry picked from commit b86e647)

Documenter.jl requires all trailing list content to follow the same
indentation as the header. So, in the current view
(https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/manual/installation/#Command-line-arguments)
the list appears broken.

(cherry picked from commit 9f92989)

Closes #56109

Simulating a bad manifest by having `LibGit2_jll` missing as a dep of
`LibGit2` in my default env, say because the manifest was generated by a
different julia version or different master julia commit.

## This PR, it just works
```
julia> using Revise

julia>
```
i.e.
```
% JULIA_DEBUG=loading ./julia --startup-file=no
julia> using Revise
...
┌ Debug: Stdlib LibGit2 [76f85450-5226-5b5a-8eaa-529ad045b433] is trying to load `LibGit2_jll`
│ which is not listed as a dep in the load path manifests, so resorting to search
│ in the stdlib Project.tomls for true deps
└ @ Base loading.jl:387
┌ Debug: LibGit2 [76f85450-5226-5b5a-8eaa-529ad045b433] indeed depends on LibGit2_jll in project /Users/ian/Documents/GitHub/julia/usr/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/LibGit2/Project.toml
└ @ Base loading.jl:395
...

julia>
```

## Master
```
julia> using Revise
Info Given Revise was explicitly requested, output will be shown live
ERROR: LoadError: ArgumentError: Package LibGit2 does not have LibGit2_jll in its dependencies:
- Note that the following manifests in the load path were resolved with a potentially
  different DEV version of the current version, which may be the cause of the error.
  Try to re-resolve them in the current version, or consider deleting them if that fails:
    /Users/ian/.julia/environments/v1.12/Manifest.toml
- You may have a partially installed environment. Try `Pkg.instantiate()`
  to ensure all packages in the environment are installed.
- Or, if you have LibGit2 checked out for development and have
  added LibGit2_jll as a dependency but haven't updated your primary
  environment's manifest file, try `Pkg.resolve()`.
- Otherwise you may need to report an issue with LibGit2
...
```

(cherry picked from commit b02d671)

This removes several `convert(String, ...)` from this code, which really
shouldn't be something we invalidate on in the first place (see
#56173) but this is still an
improvement in code quality so let's take it.

(cherry picked from commit a7521ea)

…try (#56195)

(cherry picked from commit af51bcc)

Fixes #56206

(cherry picked from commit 1f935af)

…56159)

These are invalidated by our own stdlibs (Dates and REPL) unfortunately
so we need to put this barrier in.

This fix is _very_ un-satisfying, because it doesn't do anything to
solve this problem for downstream libraries that use e.g. `displaysize`.
To fix that, I think we need a way to make sure callers get these
invalidation barriers by default...

(cherry picked from commit 9223088)

…6089)

Fix https://github.com/JuliaLang/julia/issues/56085 by calling a newly
created `MulAddMul` object that only wraps the `alpha` (with `beta` set
to `false`). This avoids the explicit multiplication if `alpha` is known
to be `isone`.

(cherry picked from commit 0af99e6)

This bump contains the following commits:
a5b1174 * Adjust to change of annotations type in Base
d9d7472 * Adopt Base's annotated types/functions as API
da41b6a * Call load_customisations! automatically, lazily
af972e0 * Fix markdown syntax in "Mark API as experimental"
8332e45 * Mark API as Experimental
cfcfe8c * Fix syntax of generated CSS
c82409c * Remove tag wrapping from HTML show method
03211c9 * Small optimisation to single-interpolation styled
d080103 * Improve type stability within styled"" macro
448314b * More meticulously check indices in eachregion
02cd20b * Consistent Face hashes

This change by itself doesn't do anything significant on `master`, but
when backported to the v1.11 branch it'll address #56177. However it'd
be great if someone could tell _why_ this fixes that issue, because it
looks very unrelated.

---------

Co-authored-by: Ian Butterworth <i.r.butterworth@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit f36f342)

Adds a new internal function `_take!(dst::Array{T,N}, src::Array{T,N})` for
doing an efficient `copyto!` equivalent. Previously it was assumed that
`compact` did this automatically, which wasn't a great assumption.

Fixes #56078

(cherry picked from commit fc40e62)

Fixes #51001

(cherry picked from commit ca3713e)

Falling back to the older serial precompilation process is basically a
bug (except for if a manifest hasn't been resolved) so
#52619 added more info on why
it's been hit so we have a chance of fixing issues that are otherwise
very difficult to recreate.

However "invalid header" which usually just means it was made by a
different julia version appears to sound too alarming to users.
https://discourse.julialang.org/t/cache-misses-when-using-packages-since-upgrading-to-1-11/121445

So soften it there and in error messages, given it seems a better
description.

Suggested by @giordano in
https://discourse.julialang.org/t/cache-misses-when-using-packages-since-upgrading-to-1-11/121445/4?u=ianshmean

(cherry picked from commit aa51abe)

…st_throws (#56231)

Fix #54082

Arguably this was a breaking change (as a consequence of
#51979). But regardless, it seems
like useful functionality to have a public API for testing that an
`UndefVarError` was thrown for the expected variable name (regardless of
scope). This is particularly useful if you don't know what the scope is
(for example, in my use-case i want to test that a specific
`UndefVarError` is thrown from a module with a `gensym`'d name).

Pre-v1.11 the syntax for this was
```julia
@test_throws UndefVarError(:x) foo()
```
but that stopped working in v1.11 when `UndefVarError` got a second
field (in fact in v1.11.1 this is an error when before it would pass)

This PR restores that functionality.

We might want to backport it to v1.11.x so that v1.11 isn't the only
version that doesn't support this.

(cherry picked from commit b0c1525)

We currently never remove asserts but I still think this is not a good
practice.

(cherry picked from commit 8e67f99)

Signed-off-by: alongdate <alongyear@outlook.com>
(cherry picked from commit 2f90962)

#56251)

Fixes #56003

(cherry picked from commit 1fd7ada)

…b6e99 (#56261)

Stdlib: Pkg
URL: https://github.com/JuliaLang/Pkg.jl.git
Stdlib branch: release-1.11
Julia branch: backports-release-1.11
Old commit: aba90d22b
New commit: 9438b6e99
Julia version: 1.11.1
Pkg version: 1.11.0(Does not match)
Bump invoked by: @IanButterworth
Powered by:
[BumpStdlibs.jl](https://github.com/JuliaLang/BumpStdlibs.jl)

Diff:
JuliaLang/Pkg.jl@aba90d2...9438b6e

```
$ git log --oneline aba90d22b..9438b6e99
9438b6e99 Merge pull request #4055 from JuliaLang/backports-release-1.11
c83160aac REPLExt: use Base.isaccessibledir rather than isdir in completions (#4053)
7997ec320 REPLExt: run repl hint generation for modeswitch chars when not switching (#4054)
```

Co-authored-by: Dilum Aluthge <dilum@aluthge.com>

#56369)

Before (in an environment with DifferentialEquations.jl):

```julia
julia> @time Pkg.precompile()
  0.733576 seconds (3.44 M allocations: 283.676 MiB, 6.24% gc time)

julia> isfile_calls[1:10]
10-element Vector{Pair{String, Int64}}:
        "/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/compiled/v1.12/Printf/3FQLY_zHycD.ji" => 178
        "/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/compiled/v1.12/Printf/3FQLY_xxrt3.ji" => 178
         "/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/compiled/v1.12/Dates/p8See_xxrt3.ji" => 158
         "/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/compiled/v1.12/Dates/p8See_zHycD.ji" => 158
          "/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/compiled/v1.12/TOML/mjrwE_zHycD.ji" => 155
          "/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/compiled/v1.12/TOML/mjrwE_xxrt3.ji" => 155
                                     "/home/kc/.julia/compiled/v1.12/Preferences/pWSk8_4Qv86.ji" => 152
                                     "/home/kc/.julia/compiled/v1.12/Preferences/pWSk8_juhqb.ji" => 152
 "/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/compiled/v1.12/StyledStrings/UcVoM_zHycD.ji" => 144
 "/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/compiled/v1.12/StyledStrings/UcVoM_xxrt3.ji" => 144
 ```

After:

```julia
julia> @time Pkg.precompile()
  0.460077 seconds (877.59 k allocations: 108.075 MiB, 4.77% gc time)

julia> isfile_calls[1:10]
  10-element Vector{Pair{String, Int64}}:
"/tmp/jl_a5xFWK/Project.toml" => 15
"/tmp/jl_a5xFWK/Manifest.toml" => 7
"/home/kc/.julia/registries/General.toml" => 6

"/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/Markdown/src/Markdown.jl"
=> 3

"/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/Serialization/src/Serialization.jl"
=> 3

"/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/Distributed/src/Distributed.jl"
=> 3

"/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/UUIDs/src/UUIDs.jl"
=> 3

"/home/kc/.julia/juliaup/julia-nightly/share/julia/stdlib/v1.12/LibCURL/src/LibCURL.jl"
=> 3
```

Performance is improved and we are not calling `isfile` on a bunch of the same ji files hundreds times.

Benchmark is made on a linux machine so performance diff should be a lot better on Windows where these `isfile_casesensitive` call is much more expensive.

Fixes #56366

---------

Co-authored-by: KristofferC <kristoffer.carlsson@juliacomputing.com>
Co-authored-by: Ian Butterworth <i.r.butterworth@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 9850a38)

At the moment this is rendered incorrectly:
https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1.11.1/devdocs/llvm-passes/#JuliaLICM

(cherry picked from commit a9342d6)

Follow up to #56392: also the warning in
https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1.11.1/devdocs/llvm-passes/#Multiversioning
is rendered incorrectly because of a missing space.

(cherry picked from commit 3de1b1d)

…6438)

Fixes #56435

(cherry picked from commit 50ad4d9)

currentlu this route is mentioned in docs
https://docs.julialang.org/en/v1/stdlib/Profile/#Triggered-During-Execution
but missing from the module docstring, this should help users who have
little idea how to "send a kernel signal to a process" to get started

---------

Co-authored-by: Ian Butterworth <i.r.butterworth@gmail.com>
(cherry picked from commit 9af0dea)

Fixes #56141
Introduced by #52228 (a624d44)

(cherry picked from commit 671cd5e)

Co-authored-by: Viral B. Shah <ViralBShah@users.noreply.github.com>
(cherry picked from commit cd748a5)

If we expect this to be a public API
(https://github.com/timholy/Revise.jl for some reason is trying to
access this state), we should lock around it for consistency with the
other similar functions.

Needed for timholy/Revise.jl#856

(cherry picked from commit 4cdd864)

Manual "backport" of #56538. I assume we want this against
#56228 ?

…to 2420351 (#56608)

Stdlib: SparseArrays
URL: https://github.com/JuliaSparse/SparseArrays.jl.git
Stdlib branch: release-1.11
Julia branch: backports-release-1.11
Old commit: cb602d7
New commit: 2420351
Julia version: 1.11.1
SparseArrays version: 1.11.0(Does not match)
Bump invoked by: @dkarrasch
Powered by:
[BumpStdlibs.jl](https://github.com/JuliaLang/BumpStdlibs.jl)

Diff:
JuliaSparse/SparseArrays.jl@cb602d7...2420351

```
$ git log --oneline cb602d7..2420351
2420351 Allow for duplicate docstrings in linalg docs (#584)
0a1c886 Merge pull request #571 from JuliaSparse/backports-release-1.11
298f5e1 Break recursion (#579)
7bc65ab Update CI
fcc6102 Do not use nested dissection by default. (#550)
8534357 Update ci.yml: run CI and docs on v1.11
66d65fd Change default QR tolerance to match SPQR (#557)
8a48327 test: Don't use GPL module when Base.USE_GPL_LIBS=false (#535)
8dd8300 SparseMatrixCSC constructor with a Tuple of Integers (#523)
aa66624 doc: move solvers doc to `src\solvers.md` (#576)
8a85fbe Inline sparse-times-dense in-place multiplication
```

Co-authored-by: Dilum Aluthge <dilum@aluthge.com>

…ies (#56624)

This is a slimmed-down version of #55910, without any of the
re-factoring. This improves the parallelism of the pre-compile job and
fixes a correctness bug, where unconditionally injecting a dependency
after its parent could be in conflict with dependencies in between
triggers, causing false extension cycles.

Without this fix, adding `AMDGPU.jl` and `Tracker.jl` reports a false
cycle on 1.11