…55470)

Fix #55459

In Julia 1.10, `push!` and `append!` would be functional for
`AbstractVector` implementations
if `resize!` and `setindex!` were defined.

As of #51903 by @vtjnash as in Julia 1.11.0-rc2, `append!` now depends
on an implementation of
`sizehint!` and `push!`. Since `push!` also depends on `append!`, a
stack
overflow situation can easily be created.

To avoid this, this pull request defines the following

* Add generic versions of `push!(a::AbstractVector, x)` which do not
depend on `append!`
* Add default implementation of `sizehint!` that is a no-op

The implementation of `push!(a::AbstractVector, x)` is a generic version
based on the implementation
of `push!(a::Vector, x)` without depending on internals.

# Example for SimpleArray

Consider the `SimpleArray` example from test/abstractarray.jl:

```julia
mutable struct SimpleArray{T} <: AbstractVector{T}
    els::Vector{T}
end
Base.size(sa::SimpleArray) = size(sa.els)
Base.getindex(sa::SimpleArray, idx...) = getindex(sa.els, idx...)
Base.setindex!(sa::SimpleArray, v, idx...) = setindex!(sa.els, v, idx...)
Base.resize!(sa::SimpleArray, n) = resize!(sa.els, n)
Base.copy(sa::SimpleArray) = SimpleArray(copy(sa.els))
```

Note that `setindex!` and `resize!` are implemented for `SimpleArray`.

## Julia 1.10.4: push! is functional

On Julia 1.10.4, `push!` has a functional implementation for
`SimpleArray`

```julia-repl
julia> push!(SimpleArray{Int}(zeros(Int,5)), 6)
6-element SimpleArray{Int64}:
 0
 0
 0
 0
 0
 6
```

## Julia 1.11.0-rc2 and nightly: push! requires sizehint! and is prone
to stack overflow

Before this pull request, on Julia 1.11.0-rc2 and nightly, `push!` fails
for want of `sizehint!`.

```julia-repl
julia> push!(SimpleArray{Int}(zeros(Int,5)), 6)
ERROR: MethodError: no method matching sizehint!(::SimpleArray{Int64}, ::Int64)
The function `sizehint!` exists, but no method is defined for this combination of argument types.
...
```

After implementing `sizehint!`, `push!` still fails with a stack
overflow.

```julia-repl
julia> Base.sizehint!(a::SimpleArray, x) = a

julia> push!(SimpleArray{Int}(zeros(Int, 5)), 6)
Warning: detected a stack overflow; program state may be corrupted, so further execution might be unreliable.
ERROR: StackOverflowError:
Stacktrace:
      [1] _append!
        @ ./array.jl:1344 [inlined]
      [2] append!
        @ ./array.jl:1335 [inlined]
      [3] push!(a::SimpleArray{Int64}, iter::Int64)
        @ Base ./array.jl:1336
--- the above 3 lines are repeated 79982 more times ---
 [239950] _append!
        @ ./array.jl:1344 [inlined]
 [239951] append!
        @ ./array.jl:1335 [inlined]
```

This is because the new implementation of `append!` depends on `push!`.

## After this pull request, push! is functional.

After this pull request, there is a functional `push!` for `SimpleArray`
again as in Julia 1.10.4:

```julia-repl
julia> push!(SimpleArray{Int}(zeros(Int, 5), 6)
6-element SimpleArray{Int64}:
 0
 0
 0
 0
 0
 6
```

(cherry picked from commit cf4c30a)

…actVector (#55480)

Per
#55470 (comment),
the `push!(::AbstractArray, ...)` array implementation assumed one-based
indexing and did not account for an `OffsetVector`
scenario.

Here we add tests for `push!(::AbstractArray, ...)` and
`append(::AbstractArray, ...)` including using `@invoke` to test the
effect on `OffsetVector`.

cc: @fredrikekre

…uliaLang#55470)

Fix JuliaLang#55459

In Julia 1.10, `push!` and `append!` would be functional for
`AbstractVector` implementations
if `resize!` and `setindex!` were defined.

As of JuliaLang#51903 by @vtjnash as in Julia 1.11.0-rc2, `append!` now depends
on an implementation of
`sizehint!` and `push!`. Since `push!` also depends on `append!`, a
stack
overflow situation can easily be created.

To avoid this, this pull request defines the following

* Add generic versions of `push!(a::AbstractVector, x)` which do not
depend on `append!`
* Add default implementation of `sizehint!` that is a no-op

The implementation of `push!(a::AbstractVector, x)` is a generic version
based on the implementation
of `push!(a::Vector, x)` without depending on internals.

# Example for SimpleArray

Consider the `SimpleArray` example from test/abstractarray.jl:

```julia
mutable struct SimpleArray{T} <: AbstractVector{T}
    els::Vector{T}
end
Base.size(sa::SimpleArray) = size(sa.els)
Base.getindex(sa::SimpleArray, idx...) = getindex(sa.els, idx...)
Base.setindex!(sa::SimpleArray, v, idx...) = setindex!(sa.els, v, idx...)
Base.resize!(sa::SimpleArray, n) = resize!(sa.els, n)
Base.copy(sa::SimpleArray) = SimpleArray(copy(sa.els))
```

Note that `setindex!` and `resize!` are implemented for `SimpleArray`.

## Julia 1.10.4: push! is functional

On Julia 1.10.4, `push!` has a functional implementation for
`SimpleArray`

```julia-repl
julia> push!(SimpleArray{Int}(zeros(Int,5)), 6)
6-element SimpleArray{Int64}:
 0
 0
 0
 0
 0
 6
```

## Julia 1.11.0-rc2 and nightly: push! requires sizehint! and is prone
to stack overflow

Before this pull request, on Julia 1.11.0-rc2 and nightly, `push!` fails
for want of `sizehint!`.

```julia-repl
julia> push!(SimpleArray{Int}(zeros(Int,5)), 6)
ERROR: MethodError: no method matching sizehint!(::SimpleArray{Int64}, ::Int64)
The function `sizehint!` exists, but no method is defined for this combination of argument types.
...
```

After implementing `sizehint!`, `push!` still fails with a stack
overflow.

```julia-repl
julia> Base.sizehint!(a::SimpleArray, x) = a

julia> push!(SimpleArray{Int}(zeros(Int, 5)), 6)
Warning: detected a stack overflow; program state may be corrupted, so further execution might be unreliable.
ERROR: StackOverflowError:
Stacktrace:
      [1] _append!
        @ ./array.jl:1344 [inlined]
      [2] append!
        @ ./array.jl:1335 [inlined]
      [3] push!(a::SimpleArray{Int64}, iter::Int64)
        @ Base ./array.jl:1336
--- the above 3 lines are repeated 79982 more times ---
 [239950] _append!
        @ ./array.jl:1344 [inlined]
 [239951] append!
        @ ./array.jl:1335 [inlined]
```

This is because the new implementation of `append!` depends on `push!`.

## After this pull request, push! is functional.

After this pull request, there is a functional `push!` for `SimpleArray`
again as in Julia 1.10.4:

```julia-repl
julia> push!(SimpleArray{Int}(zeros(Int, 5), 6)
6-element SimpleArray{Int64}:
 0
 0
 0
 0
 0
 6
```

…actVector (JuliaLang#55480)

Per
JuliaLang#55470 (comment),
the `push!(::AbstractArray, ...)` array implementation assumed one-based
indexing and did not account for an `OffsetVector`
scenario.

Here we add tests for `push!(::AbstractArray, ...)` and
`append(::AbstractArray, ...)` including using `@invoke` to test the
effect on `OffsetVector`.

cc: @fredrikekre

Backported PRs:
- [x] #54962 <!-- Add timing to precompile trace compile -->
- [x] #55180 <!-- compress jit debuginfo for easy memory savings -->
- [x] #54919 <!-- Fix annotated join with non-concrete eltype iters -->
- [x] #55013 <!-- [docs] change docstring to match code -->
- [x] #55017 <!-- TOML: Make `Dates` a type parameter -->
- [x] #54033 <!-- Fix a bug in `stack`'s DimensionMismatch error message
-->
- [x] #55242 <!-- fix at-main docstring to not code quote a compat box
-->
- [x] #55261 <!-- Make `jl_*affinity` tests more portable -->
- [x] #54736 <!-- specificity: ensure fast-path in `sub/eq_msp` handle
missing `UnionAll` wrapper correctly. -->
- [x] #55299 <!-- typeintersect: fix bounds merging during inner
`intersect_all`. -->
- [x] #55302 <!-- Add `lbt_forwarded_funcs()` to debug LBT forwarding
issues -->
- [x] #55148 <!-- Random: Mark unexported public symbols as public -->
- [x] #55303 <!-- avoid overflowing show for OffsetArrays around typemax
-->
- [x] #55317 <!-- Restrict argument to `isleapyear(::Integer)` -->
- [x] #55327 <!-- Profile: Fix stdlib paths -->
- [x] #55330 <!-- [libblastrampoline] Bump to v5.11.0 -->
- [x] #55310 <!-- Preserve structure in scaling triangular matrices by
NaN -->
- [x] #55329 <!-- mapreduce: don't inbounds unknown functions -->
- [x] #55356 <!-- Profile: close files when assembling heap snapshot -->
- [x] #55371 <!-- Fix tr for block SymTridiagonal -->
- [x] #55307 <!-- Make REPL.TerminalMenus public -->
- [x] #55362 <!-- inference: fix missing LimitedAccuracy markers -->
- [x] #55306 <!-- AllocOpt: Fix stack lowering where alloca continas
boxed and unboxed data -->
- [x] #55395 <!-- fix #55389: type-unstable `join` -->
- [x] #55226 <!-- re-add `unsafe_convert` for Reinterpret and Reshaped
array -->
- [x] #55405 <!-- handle unbound vars in NTuple fields -->
- [x] #55365 <!-- ml-matches: ensure all methods are included -->
- [x] #55428 <!-- codegen: move undef freeze before promotion point -->
- [x] #55419 <!-- `stale_cachefile`: handle if the expected cache file
is missing -->
- [x] #55470 <!-- Add push! implementation for AbstractArray depending
only on resize! -->
- [x] #55483 <!-- fix hierarchy level of "API reference" in `Dates`
documentation -->
- [x] #55268 <!-- simplify complex atanh and remove singularity
perturbation -->
- [x] #55441 <!-- fix Event to use normal Condition variable -->
- [x] #55413 <!-- subtyping: fast path for lhs union and rhs typevar -->
- [x] #55492 <!-- build: add missing dependencies for expmap -->
- [x] #55507 <!-- Fix fast getptls ccall lowering. -->
- [x] #55424 <!-- add missing clamp function for IOBuffer -->
- [x] #55504 <!-- Update symmetric docstring to reflect the type of uplo
-->
- [x] #55107 <!-- Make the memory GEP an inbounds GEP since the bounds
check has happened somewhere else -->
- [x] #55411 <!-- Vendor the terminfo database for use with
base/terminfo.jl -->
- [x] #55452 <!-- Do not load `ScopedValues` with `using` -->
- [x] #55407 <!-- Remove deprecated non string API for LLVM pass
pipeline and parse all options -->
- [x] #55461 <!-- 🤖 [master] Bump the StyledStrings stdlib from d7496d2
to f6035eb -->
- [x] #55433 <!-- Backport #55407
to 1.11 -->
- [x] #55225 <!-- [1.11 backport] trace-compile: don't generate
`precompile` statements for OpaqueClosure methods (#55072) -->
- [x] #55212 <!-- Make `Base.depwarn()` public -->
- [x] #552
- [x] #55052 <!-- Fix `(l/r)mul!` with `Diagonal`/`Bidiagonal` -->
- [x] #55251 <!-- Restrict binary ops for Diagonal and Symmetric to
Number eltypes -->95 <!-- LAPACK: Aggressive constprop to concretely
infer syev!/syevd! -->
- [x] #55522 <!-- Fix tr for Symmetric/Hermitian block matrices -->

Need manual backport:
- [x] #55342 <!-- Ensure bidiagonal setindex! does not read indices in
error message -->

Contains multiple commits, manual intervention needed:

- [ ] #55336 <!-- codegen: take gc roots (and alloca alignment) more
seriously -->


Non-merged PRs with backport label:
- [ ] #55506 <!-- Fix indexing in _mapreducedim for OffsetArrays -->
- [ ] #55500 <!-- make jl_thread_suspend_and_get_state safe -->
- [ ] #55499 <!-- propagate the terminal's `displaysize` to the
`IOContext` used by the REPL -->
- [ ] #55458 <!-- Allow for generically extracting unannotated string
-->
- [ ] #55457 <!-- Make AnnotateChar equality consider annotations -->
- [ ] #55453 <!-- Privatise the annotations API, for StyledStrings -->
- [ ] #55443 <!-- Add test for upper/lower/titlecase and fix call -->
- [ ] #55355 <!-- relocation: account for trailing path separator in
depot paths -->
- [ ] #55220 <!-- `isfile_casesensitive` fixes on Windows -->
- [ ] #55169 <!-- `propertynames` for SVD respects private argument -->
- [ ] #54457 <!-- Make `String(::Memory)` copy -->
- [ ] #53957 <!-- tweak how filtering is done for what packages should
be precompiled -->
- [ ] #51479 <!-- prevent code loading from lookin in the versioned
environment when building Julia -->
- [ ] #50813 <!-- More doctests for Sockets and capitalization fix -->
- [ ] #50157 <!-- improve docs for `@inbounds` and
`Base.@propagate_inbounds` -->
- [ ] #41244 <!-- Fix shell `cd` error when working dir has been deleted
-->

…actVector (#55480)

Per
#55470 (comment),
the `push!(::AbstractArray, ...)` array implementation assumed one-based
indexing and did not account for an `OffsetVector`
scenario.

Here we add tests for `push!(::AbstractArray, ...)` and
`append(::AbstractArray, ...)` including using `@invoke` to test the
effect on `OffsetVector`.

cc: @fredrikekre
(cherry picked from commit 5230d27)

…actVector (#55480)

Per
#55470 (comment),
the `push!(::AbstractArray, ...)` array implementation assumed one-based
indexing and did not account for an `OffsetVector`
scenario.

Here we add tests for `push!(::AbstractArray, ...)` and
`append(::AbstractArray, ...)` including using `@invoke` to test the
effect on `OffsetVector`.

cc: @fredrikekre