(cherry picked from commit 05d0564)

Backported PRs:
- [x] #54962 <!-- Add timing to precompile trace compile -->
- [x] #55180 <!-- compress jit debuginfo for easy memory savings -->
- [x] #54919 <!-- Fix annotated join with non-concrete eltype iters -->
- [x] #55013 <!-- [docs] change docstring to match code -->
- [x] #55017 <!-- TOML: Make `Dates` a type parameter -->
- [x] #54033 <!-- Fix a bug in `stack`'s DimensionMismatch error message
-->
- [x] #55242 <!-- fix at-main docstring to not code quote a compat box
-->
- [x] #55261 <!-- Make `jl_*affinity` tests more portable -->
- [x] #54736 <!-- specificity: ensure fast-path in `sub/eq_msp` handle
missing `UnionAll` wrapper correctly. -->
- [x] #55299 <!-- typeintersect: fix bounds merging during inner
`intersect_all`. -->
- [x] #55302 <!-- Add `lbt_forwarded_funcs()` to debug LBT forwarding
issues -->
- [x] #55148 <!-- Random: Mark unexported public symbols as public -->
- [x] #55303 <!-- avoid overflowing show for OffsetArrays around typemax
-->
- [x] #55317 <!-- Restrict argument to `isleapyear(::Integer)` -->
- [x] #55327 <!-- Profile: Fix stdlib paths -->
- [x] #55330 <!-- [libblastrampoline] Bump to v5.11.0 -->
- [x] #55310 <!-- Preserve structure in scaling triangular matrices by
NaN -->
- [x] #55329 <!-- mapreduce: don't inbounds unknown functions -->
- [x] #55356 <!-- Profile: close files when assembling heap snapshot -->
- [x] #55371 <!-- Fix tr for block SymTridiagonal -->
- [x] #55307 <!-- Make REPL.TerminalMenus public -->
- [x] #55362 <!-- inference: fix missing LimitedAccuracy markers -->
- [x] #55306 <!-- AllocOpt: Fix stack lowering where alloca continas
boxed and unboxed data -->
- [x] #55395 <!-- fix #55389: type-unstable `join` -->
- [x] #55226 <!-- re-add `unsafe_convert` for Reinterpret and Reshaped
array -->
- [x] #55405 <!-- handle unbound vars in NTuple fields -->
- [x] #55365 <!-- ml-matches: ensure all methods are included -->
- [x] #55428 <!-- codegen: move undef freeze before promotion point -->
- [x] #55419 <!-- `stale_cachefile`: handle if the expected cache file
is missing -->
- [x] #55470 <!-- Add push! implementation for AbstractArray depending
only on resize! -->
- [x] #55483 <!-- fix hierarchy level of "API reference" in `Dates`
documentation -->
- [x] #55268 <!-- simplify complex atanh and remove singularity
perturbation -->
- [x] #55441 <!-- fix Event to use normal Condition variable -->
- [x] #55413 <!-- subtyping: fast path for lhs union and rhs typevar -->
- [x] #55492 <!-- build: add missing dependencies for expmap -->
- [x] #55507 <!-- Fix fast getptls ccall lowering. -->
- [x] #55424 <!-- add missing clamp function for IOBuffer -->
- [x] #55504 <!-- Update symmetric docstring to reflect the type of uplo
-->
- [x] #55107 <!-- Make the memory GEP an inbounds GEP since the bounds
check has happened somewhere else -->
- [x] #55411 <!-- Vendor the terminfo database for use with
base/terminfo.jl -->
- [x] #55452 <!-- Do not load `ScopedValues` with `using` -->
- [x] #55407 <!-- Remove deprecated non string API for LLVM pass
pipeline and parse all options -->
- [x] #55461 <!-- 🤖 [master] Bump the StyledStrings stdlib from d7496d2
to f6035eb -->
- [x] #55433 <!-- Backport #55407
to 1.11 -->
- [x] #55225 <!-- [1.11 backport] trace-compile: don't generate
`precompile` statements for OpaqueClosure methods (#55072) -->
- [x] #55212 <!-- Make `Base.depwarn()` public -->
- [x] #552
- [x] #55052 <!-- Fix `(l/r)mul!` with `Diagonal`/`Bidiagonal` -->
- [x] #55251 <!-- Restrict binary ops for Diagonal and Symmetric to
Number eltypes -->95 <!-- LAPACK: Aggressive constprop to concretely
infer syev!/syevd! -->
- [x] #55522 <!-- Fix tr for Symmetric/Hermitian block matrices -->

Need manual backport:
- [x] #55342 <!-- Ensure bidiagonal setindex! does not read indices in
error message -->

Contains multiple commits, manual intervention needed:

- [ ] #55336 <!-- codegen: take gc roots (and alloca alignment) more
seriously -->


Non-merged PRs with backport label:
- [ ] #55506 <!-- Fix indexing in _mapreducedim for OffsetArrays -->
- [ ] #55500 <!-- make jl_thread_suspend_and_get_state safe -->
- [ ] #55499 <!-- propagate the terminal's `displaysize` to the
`IOContext` used by the REPL -->
- [ ] #55458 <!-- Allow for generically extracting unannotated string
-->
- [ ] #55457 <!-- Make AnnotateChar equality consider annotations -->
- [ ] #55453 <!-- Privatise the annotations API, for StyledStrings -->
- [ ] #55443 <!-- Add test for upper/lower/titlecase and fix call -->
- [ ] #55355 <!-- relocation: account for trailing path separator in
depot paths -->
- [ ] #55220 <!-- `isfile_casesensitive` fixes on Windows -->
- [ ] #55169 <!-- `propertynames` for SVD respects private argument -->
- [ ] #54457 <!-- Make `String(::Memory)` copy -->
- [ ] #53957 <!-- tweak how filtering is done for what packages should
be precompiled -->
- [ ] #51479 <!-- prevent code loading from lookin in the versioned
environment when building Julia -->
- [ ] #50813 <!-- More doctests for Sockets and capitalization fix -->
- [ ] #50157 <!-- improve docs for `@inbounds` and
`Base.@propagate_inbounds` -->
- [ ] #41244 <!-- Fix shell `cd` error when working dir has been deleted
-->