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hidden itemprop="author" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="name" content="MrBird"><meta itemprop="description" content=""><meta itemprop="image" content="/images/blogImage.jpg"></span><span hidden itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="MrBird"></span><header class="post-header"><h2 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">JUC之CountDownLatch</h2><div class="post-meta"><span class="post-time"><span class="post-meta-item-icon"><i class="fa fa-calendar-o"></i> </span><span class="post-meta-item-text"></span> <time title="创建于" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2019-02-28T16:23:26+08:00">2019-02-28 </time></span><span></span> <span class="post-meta-divider">|</span> <span class="page-pv"><i class="fa fa-laptop"></i> Visit count <span class="busuanzi-value" id="busuanzi_value_page_pv"></span></span></div></header><div class="post-body" itemprop="articleBody"><p>CountDownLatch允许一个或多个线程等待其他线程完成操作。定义CountDownLatch的时候,需要传入一个正数来初始化计数器(虽然传入0也可以,但这样的话CountDownLatch没什么实际意义)。其<code>countDown</code>方法用于递减计数器,<code>await</code>方法会使当前线程阻塞,直到计数器递减为0。所以CountDownLatch常用于多个线程之间的协调工作。<a id="more"></a></p><h2 id="CountDownLatch示例"><a href="#CountDownLatch示例" class="headerlink" title="CountDownLatch示例"></a>CountDownLatch示例</h2><p>假设我们现在有这样一个需求:</p><ol><li><p>从数据库获取数据</p></li><li><p>对这批数据进行处理</p></li><li><p>保存这批数据</p></li></ol><p>为了让程序执行效率更高,第2步中我们可以使用多线程来并行处理这批数据,大致过程如下所示:</p><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">CountDownLatchTest</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> InterruptedException </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 1. 模拟从数据库获取数据</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span>[] data = query();</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.println(<span class="string">"获取数据完毕"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 2. 数据处理</span></span><br><span class="line"> IntStream.range(<span class="number">0</span>, data.length).forEach(i -> {</span><br><span class="line"> ExecutorService.execute(() -> {</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + <span class="string">"处理第"</span> + (i + <span class="number">1</span>) + <span class="string">"条数据"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> value = data[i];</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (value % <span class="number">2</span> == <span class="number">0</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> data[i] = value * <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> } <span class="keyword">else</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> data[i] = value * <span class="number">10</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> });</span><br><span class="line"> });</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> System.out.println(<span class="string">"所有数据都处理完了"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 关闭线程池</span></span><br><span class="line"> ExecutorService.shutdown();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 3. 保存数据</span></span><br><span class="line"> save(data);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">int</span>[] query() {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="keyword">int</span>[]{<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">5</span>, <span class="number">6</span>, <span class="number">7</span>, <span class="number">8</span>, <span class="number">9</span>, <span class="number">10</span>};</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">save</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span>[] data)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.println(<span class="string">"保存数据 - "</span> + Arrays.toString(data));</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><p>由于线程获取CPU时间片的不确定性,所以有可能数据还没有处理完毕,第3步就执行完了:</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">获取数据完毕</span><br><span class="line">所有数据都处理完了</span><br><span class="line">保存数据 - [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10]</span><br><span class="line">Thread[pool-1-thread-2,5,main]处理第2条数据</span><br><span class="line">Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]处理第1条数据</span><br><span class="line">Thread[pool-1-thread-2,5,main]处理第3条数据</span><br><span class="line">Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]处理第4条数据</span><br><span class="line">Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]处理第6条数据</span><br><span class="line">Thread[pool-1-thread-2,5,main]处理第5条数据</span><br><span class="line">Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]处理第7条数据</span><br><span class="line">Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]处理第9条数据</span><br><span class="line">Thread[pool-1-thread-2,5,main]处理第8条数据</span><br><span class="line">Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]处理第10条数据</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><p>我们可以借助CountDownLatch解决这个问题:</p><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">CountDownLatchTest</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> ExecutorService ExecutorService = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(<span class="number">2</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> CountDownLatch latch = <span class="keyword">new</span> CountDownLatch(<span class="number">10</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> InterruptedException </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 1. 模拟从数据库获取数据</span></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span>[] data = query();</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.println(<span class="string">"获取数据完毕"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 2. 数据处理</span></span><br><span class="line"> IntStream.range(<span class="number">0</span>, data.length).forEach(i -> {</span><br><span class="line"> ExecutorService.execute(() -> {</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + <span class="string">"处理第"</span> + (i + <span class="number">1</span>) + <span class="string">"条数据"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">int</span> value = data[i];</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">if</span> (value % <span class="number">2</span> == <span class="number">0</span>) {</span><br><span class="line"> data[i] = value * <span class="number">2</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> } <span class="keyword">else</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> data[i] = value * <span class="number">10</span>;</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> latch.countDown();</span><br><span class="line"> });</span><br><span class="line"> });</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> latch.await();</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.println(<span class="string">"所有数据都处理完了"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 关闭线程池</span></span><br><span class="line"> ExecutorService.shutdown();</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="comment">// 3. 保存数据</span></span><br><span class="line"> save(data);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">int</span>[] query() {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="keyword">new</span> <span class="keyword">int</span>[]{<span class="number">1</span>, <span class="number">2</span>, <span class="number">3</span>, <span class="number">4</span>, <span class="number">5</span>, <span class="number">6</span>, <span class="number">7</span>, <span class="number">8</span>, <span class="number">9</span>, <span class="number">10</span>};</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">private</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">save</span><span class="params">(<span class="keyword">int</span>[] data)</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.println(<span class="string">"保存数据 - "</span> + Arrays.toString(data));</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><p>我们定义了一个CountDownLatch,计数器值为10,和数据量一致。然后在第2步中,当每个线程执行完毕的时候调用<code>countDown</code>方法,让计数器减1。在第3步前调用<code>await</code>方法让main线程阻塞等待,直到计数器被减为0。所以这就保证了只有当所有数据加工完毕才执行保存数据操作。</p><p>执行方法,程序输出如下所示:</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">获取数据完毕</span><br><span class="line">Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]处理第1条数据</span><br><span class="line">Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]处理第3条数据</span><br><span class="line">Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]处理第4条数据</span><br><span class="line">Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]处理第5条数据</span><br><span class="line">Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]处理第6条数据</span><br><span class="line">Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]处理第7条数据</span><br><span class="line">Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]处理第8条数据</span><br><span class="line">Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]处理第9条数据</span><br><span class="line">Thread[pool-1-thread-1,5,main]处理第10条数据</span><br><span class="line">Thread[pool-1-thread-2,5,main]处理第2条数据</span><br><span class="line">所有数据都处理完了</span><br><span class="line">保存数据 - [10, 4, 30, 8, 50, 12, 70, 16, 90, 20]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p></p><p><code>await</code>有重载方法:<code>await(long timeout, TimeUnit unit)</code>,设置最大等待时间,超过这个时间程序将继续执行不再被阻塞:</p><figure class="highlight java"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="class"><span class="keyword">class</span> <span class="title">CountDownLatchTest</span> </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="function"><span class="keyword">public</span> <span class="keyword">static</span> <span class="keyword">void</span> <span class="title">main</span><span class="params">(String[] args)</span> <span class="keyword">throws</span> InterruptedException </span>{</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">final</span> CountDownLatch latch = <span class="keyword">new</span> CountDownLatch(<span class="number">1</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">new</span> Thread(() -> {</span><br><span class="line"> <span class="keyword">try</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(<span class="number">4</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> System.out.println(Thread.currentThread() + <span class="string">"线程执行完毕"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> } <span class="keyword">catch</span> (InterruptedException e) {</span><br><span class="line"> e.printStackTrace();</span><br><span class="line"> } <span class="keyword">finally</span> {</span><br><span class="line"> latch.countDown();</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line"> }, <span class="string">"thread1"</span>).start();</span><br><span class="line"> </span><br><span class="line"> latch.await(<span class="number">3</span>, TimeUnit.SECONDS); <span class="comment">// 最多等待 3秒</span></span><br><span class="line"> System.out.println(<span class="string">"main线程执行完毕"</span>);</span><br><span class="line"> }</span><br><span class="line">}</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure><p>输出如下:</p><figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">main线程执行完毕</span><br><span 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