server/route.go

// Copyright 2013-2016 Apcera Inc. All rights reserved.

package server

import (
	"bufio"
	"bytes"
	"crypto/tls"
	"encoding/json"
	"fmt"
	"net"
	"net/url"
	"regexp"
	"strconv"
	"strings"
	"sync/atomic"
	"time"
)

// RouteType designates the router type
type RouteType int

// Type of Route
const (
	// This route we learned from speaking to other routes.
	Implicit RouteType = iota
	// This route was explicitly configured.
	Explicit
)

type route struct {
	remoteID     string
	didSolicit   bool
	retry        bool
	routeType    RouteType
	url          *url.URL
	authRequired bool
	tlsRequired  bool
}

type connectInfo struct {
	Verbose  bool   `json:"verbose"`
	Pedantic bool   `json:"pedantic"`
	User     string `json:"user,omitempty"`
	Pass     string `json:"pass,omitempty"`
	TLS      bool   `json:"tls_required"`
	Name     string `json:"name"`
}

// Route protocol constants
const (
	ConProto  = "CONNECT %s" + _CRLF_
	InfoProto = "INFO %s" + _CRLF_
)

// Lock should be held entering here.
func (c *client) sendConnect(tlsRequired bool) {
	var user, pass string
	if userInfo := c.route.url.User; userInfo != nil {
		user = userInfo.Username()
		pass, _ = userInfo.Password()
	}
	cinfo := connectInfo{
		Verbose:  false,
		Pedantic: false,
		User:     user,
		Pass:     pass,
		TLS:      tlsRequired,
		Name:     c.srv.info.ID,
	}
	b, err := json.Marshal(cinfo)
	if err != nil {
		c.Errorf("Error marshalling CONNECT to route: %v\n", err)
		c.closeConnection()
		return
	}
	c.sendProto([]byte(fmt.Sprintf(ConProto, b)), true)
}

// Process the info message if we are a route.
func (c *client) processRouteInfo(info *Info) {
	c.mu.Lock()
	// Connection can be closed at any time (by auth timeout, etc).
	// Does not make sense to continue here if connection is gone.
	if c.route == nil || c.nc == nil {
		c.mu.Unlock()
		return
	}

	s := c.srv
	remoteID := c.route.remoteID

	// We receive an INFO from a server that informs us about another server,
	// so the info.ID in the INFO protocol does not match the ID of this route.
	if remoteID != "" && remoteID != info.ID {
		c.mu.Unlock()

		// Process this implicit route. We will check that it is not an explicit
		// route and/or that it has not been connected already.
		s.processImplicitRoute(info)
		return
	}

	// Need to set this for the detection of the route to self to work
	// in closeConnection().
	c.route.remoteID = info.ID

	// Detect route to self.
	if c.route.remoteID == s.info.ID {
		c.mu.Unlock()
		c.closeConnection()
		return
	}

	// Copy over important information.
	c.route.authRequired = info.AuthRequired
	c.route.tlsRequired = info.TLSRequired

	// If we do not know this route's URL, construct one on the fly
	// from the information provided.
	if c.route.url == nil {
		// Add in the URL from host and port
		hp := net.JoinHostPort(info.Host, strconv.Itoa(info.Port))
		url, err := url.Parse(fmt.Sprintf("nats-route://%s/", hp))
		if err != nil {
			c.Errorf("Error parsing URL from INFO: %v\n", err)
			c.mu.Unlock()
			c.closeConnection()
			return
		}
		c.route.url = url
	}

	// Check to see if we have this remote already registered.
	// This can happen when both servers have routes to each other.
	c.mu.Unlock()

	if added, sendInfo := s.addRoute(c, info); added {
		c.Debugf("Registering remote route %q", info.ID)
		// Send our local subscriptions to this route.
		s.sendLocalSubsToRoute(c)
		if sendInfo {
			// Need to get the remote IP address.
			c.mu.Lock()
			switch conn := c.nc.(type) {
			case *net.TCPConn, *tls.Conn:
				addr := conn.RemoteAddr().(*net.TCPAddr)
				info.IP = fmt.Sprintf("nats-route://%s/", net.JoinHostPort(addr.IP.String(), strconv.Itoa(info.Port)))
			default:
				info.IP = fmt.Sprintf("%s", c.route.url)
			}
			c.mu.Unlock()
			// Now let the known servers know about this new route
			s.forwardNewRouteInfoToKnownServers(info)
		}
		// If the server Info did not have these URLs, update and send an INFO
		// protocol to all clients that support it (unless the feature is disabled).
		if s.updateServerINFO(info.ClientConnectURLs) {
			s.sendAsyncInfoToClients()
		}
	} else {
		c.Debugf("Detected duplicate remote route %q", info.ID)
		c.closeConnection()
	}
}

// sendAsyncInfoToClients sends an INFO protocol to all
// connected clients that accept async INFO updates.
func (s *Server) sendAsyncInfoToClients() {
	s.mu.Lock()
	// If there are no clients supporting async INFO protocols, we are done.
	if s.cproto == 0 {
		s.mu.Unlock()
		return
	}

	// Capture under lock
	proto := s.infoJSON

	// Make a copy of ALL clients so we can release server lock while
	// sending the protocol to clients. We could check the conditions
	// (proto support, first PONG sent) here and so have potentially
	// a limited number of clients, but that would mean grabbing the
	// client's lock here, which we don't want since we would still
	// need it in the second loop.
	clients := make([]*client, 0, len(s.clients))
	for _, c := range s.clients {
		clients = append(clients, c)
	}
	s.mu.Unlock()

	for _, c := range clients {
		c.mu.Lock()
		// If server did not yet receive the CONNECT protocol, check later
		// when sending the first PONG.
		if !c.flags.isSet(connectReceived) {
			c.flags.set(infoUpdated)
		} else if c.opts.Protocol >= ClientProtoInfo {
			// Send only if first PONG was sent
			if c.flags.isSet(firstPongSent) {
				// sendInfo takes care of checking if the connection is still
				// valid or not, so don't duplicate tests here.
				c.sendInfo(proto)
			} else {
				// Otherwise, notify that INFO has changed and check later.
				c.flags.set(infoUpdated)
			}
		}
		c.mu.Unlock()
	}
}

// This will process implicit route information received from another server.
// We will check to see if we have configured or are already connected,
// and if so we will ignore. Otherwise we will attempt to connect.
func (s *Server) processImplicitRoute(info *Info) {
	remoteID := info.ID

	s.mu.Lock()
	defer s.mu.Unlock()

	// Don't connect to ourself
	if remoteID == s.info.ID {
		return
	}
	// Check if this route already exists
	if _, exists := s.remotes[remoteID]; exists {
		return
	}
	// Check if we have this route as a configured route
	if s.hasThisRouteConfigured(info) {
		return
	}

	// Initiate the connection, using info.IP instead of info.URL here...
	r, err := url.Parse(info.IP)
	if err != nil {
		Debugf("Error parsing URL from INFO: %v\n", err)
		return
	}
	if info.AuthRequired {
		r.User = url.UserPassword(s.opts.ClusterUsername, s.opts.ClusterPassword)
	}
	s.startGoRoutine(func() { s.connectToRoute(r, false) })
}

// hasThisRouteConfigured returns true if info.Host:info.Port is present
// in the server's opts.Routes, false otherwise.
// Server lock is assumed to be held by caller.
func (s *Server) hasThisRouteConfigured(info *Info) bool {
	urlToCheckExplicit := strings.ToLower(net.JoinHostPort(info.Host, strconv.Itoa(info.Port)))
	for _, ri := range s.opts.Routes {
		if strings.ToLower(ri.Host) == urlToCheckExplicit {
			return true
		}
	}
	return false
}

// forwardNewRouteInfoToKnownServers sends the INFO protocol of the new route
// to all routes known by this server. In turn, each server will contact this
// new route.
func (s *Server) forwardNewRouteInfoToKnownServers(info *Info) {
	s.mu.Lock()
	defer s.mu.Unlock()

	b, _ := json.Marshal(info)
	infoJSON := []byte(fmt.Sprintf(InfoProto, b))

	for _, r := range s.routes {
		r.mu.Lock()
		if r.route.remoteID != info.ID {
			r.sendInfo(infoJSON)
		}
		r.mu.Unlock()
	}
}

// This will send local subscription state to a new route connection.
// FIXME(dlc) - This could be a DOS or perf issue with many clients
// and large subscription space. Plus buffering in place not a good idea.
func (s *Server) sendLocalSubsToRoute(route *client) {
	b := bytes.Buffer{}
	s.mu.Lock()
	for _, client := range s.clients {
		client.mu.Lock()
		subs := make([]*subscription, 0, len(client.subs))
		for _, sub := range client.subs {
			subs = append(subs, sub)
		}
		client.mu.Unlock()
		for _, sub := range subs {
			rsid := routeSid(sub)
			proto := fmt.Sprintf(subProto, sub.subject, sub.queue, rsid)
			b.WriteString(proto)
		}
	}
	s.mu.Unlock()

	route.mu.Lock()
	defer route.mu.Unlock()
	route.sendProto(b.Bytes(), true)

	route.Debugf("Route sent local subscriptions")
}

func (s *Server) createRoute(conn net.Conn, rURL *url.URL) *client {
	didSolicit := rURL != nil
	r := &route{didSolicit: didSolicit}
	for _, route := range s.opts.Routes {
		if rURL != nil && (strings.ToLower(rURL.Host) == strings.ToLower(route.Host)) {
			r.routeType = Explicit
		}
	}

	c := &client{srv: s, nc: conn, opts: clientOpts{}, typ: ROUTER, route: r}

	// Grab server variables
	s.mu.Lock()
	infoJSON := s.routeInfoJSON
	authRequired := s.routeInfo.AuthRequired
	tlsRequired := s.routeInfo.TLSRequired
	s.mu.Unlock()

	// Grab lock
	c.mu.Lock()

	// Initialize
	c.initClient()

	c.Debugf("Route connection created")

	if didSolicit {
		// Do this before the TLS code, otherwise, in case of failure
		// and if route is explicit, it would try to reconnect to 'nil'...
		r.url = rURL
	}

	// Check for TLS
	if tlsRequired {
		// Copy off the config to add in ServerName if we
		tlsConfig := *s.opts.ClusterTLSConfig

		// If we solicited, we will act like the client, otherwise the server.
		if didSolicit {
			c.Debugf("Starting TLS route client handshake")
			// Specify the ServerName we are expecting.
			host, _, _ := net.SplitHostPort(rURL.Host)
			tlsConfig.ServerName = host
			c.nc = tls.Client(c.nc, &tlsConfig)
		} else {
			c.Debugf("Starting TLS route server handshake")
			c.nc = tls.Server(c.nc, &tlsConfig)
		}

		conn := c.nc.(*tls.Conn)

		// Setup the timeout
		ttl := secondsToDuration(s.opts.ClusterTLSTimeout)
		time.AfterFunc(ttl, func() { tlsTimeout(c, conn) })
		conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Now().Add(ttl))

		c.mu.Unlock()
		if err := conn.Handshake(); err != nil {
			c.Debugf("TLS route handshake error: %v", err)
			c.sendErr("Secure Connection - TLS Required")
			c.closeConnection()
			return nil
		}
		// Reset the read deadline
		conn.SetReadDeadline(time.Time{})

		// Re-Grab lock
		c.mu.Lock()

		// Verify that the connection did not go away while we released the lock.
		if c.nc == nil {
			c.mu.Unlock()
			return nil
		}

		// Rewrap bw
		c.bw = bufio.NewWriterSize(c.nc, startBufSize)
	}

	// Do final client initialization

	// Set the Ping timer
	c.setPingTimer()

	// For routes, the "client" is added to s.routes only when processing
	// the INFO protocol, that is much later.
	// In the meantime, if the server shutsdown, there would be no reference
	// to the client (connection) to be closed, leaving this readLoop
	// uinterrupted, causing the Shutdown() to wait indefinitively.
	// We need to store the client in a special map, under a special lock.
	s.grMu.Lock()
	s.grTmpClients[c.cid] = c
	s.grMu.Unlock()

	// Spin up the read loop.
	s.startGoRoutine(func() { c.readLoop() })

	if tlsRequired {
		c.Debugf("TLS handshake complete")
		cs := c.nc.(*tls.Conn).ConnectionState()
		c.Debugf("TLS version %s, cipher suite %s", tlsVersion(cs.Version), tlsCipher(cs.CipherSuite))
	}

	// Queue Connect proto if we solicited the connection.
	if didSolicit {
		c.Debugf("Route connect msg sent")
		c.sendConnect(tlsRequired)
	}

	// Send our info to the other side.
	c.sendInfo(infoJSON)

	// Check for Auth required state for incoming connections.
	if authRequired && !didSolicit {
		ttl := secondsToDuration(s.opts.ClusterAuthTimeout)
		c.setAuthTimer(ttl)
	}

	c.mu.Unlock()

	return c
}

const (
	_CRLF_  = "\r\n"
	_EMPTY_ = ""
	_SPC_   = " "
)

const (
	subProto   = "SUB %s %s %s" + _CRLF_
	unsubProto = "UNSUB %s%s" + _CRLF_
)

// FIXME(dlc) - Make these reserved and reject if they come in as a sid
// from a client connection.
// Route constants
const (
	RSID  = "RSID"
	QRSID = "QRSID"

	RSID_CID_INDEX   = 1
	RSID_SID_INDEX   = 2
	EXPECTED_MATCHES = 3
)

// FIXME(dlc) - This may be too slow, check at later date.
var qrsidRe = regexp.MustCompile(`QRSID:(\d+):([^\s]+)`)

func (s *Server) routeSidQueueSubscriber(rsid []byte) (*subscription, bool) {
	if !bytes.HasPrefix(rsid, []byte(QRSID)) {
		return nil, false
	}
	matches := qrsidRe.FindSubmatch(rsid)
	if matches == nil || len(matches) != EXPECTED_MATCHES {
		return nil, false
	}
	cid := uint64(parseInt64(matches[RSID_CID_INDEX]))

	s.mu.Lock()
	client := s.clients[cid]
	s.mu.Unlock()

	if client == nil {
		return nil, true
	}
	sid := matches[RSID_SID_INDEX]

	client.mu.Lock()
	sub, ok := client.subs[string(sid)]
	client.mu.Unlock()
	if ok {
		return sub, true
	}
	return nil, true
}

func routeSid(sub *subscription) string {
	var qi string
	if len(sub.queue) > 0 {
		qi = "Q"
	}
	return fmt.Sprintf("%s%s:%d:%s", qi, RSID, sub.client.cid, sub.sid)
}

func (s *Server) addRoute(c *client, info *Info) (bool, bool) {
	id := c.route.remoteID
	sendInfo := false

	s.mu.Lock()
	if !s.running {
		s.mu.Unlock()
		return false, false
	}
	remote, exists := s.remotes[id]
	if !exists {
		// Remove from the temporary map
		s.grMu.Lock()
		delete(s.grTmpClients, c.cid)
		s.grMu.Unlock()

		s.routes[c.cid] = c
		s.remotes[id] = c

		// If this server's ID is (alpha) less than the peer, then we will
		// make sure that if we are disconnected, we will try to connect once
		// more. This is to mitigate the issue where both sides add the route
		// on the opposite connection, and therefore we end-up with both
		// being dropped.
		if s.info.ID < id {
			c.mu.Lock()
			// Make this as a retry (otherwise, only explicit are retried).
			c.route.retry = true
			c.mu.Unlock()
		}

		// we don't need to send if the only route is the one we just accepted.
		sendInfo = len(s.routes) > 1
	}
	s.mu.Unlock()

	if exists && c.route.didSolicit {
		// upgrade to solicited?
		remote.mu.Lock()
		// the existing route (remote) should keep its 'retry' value, and
		// not be replaced with c.route.retry.
		retry := remote.route.retry
		remote.route = c.route
		remote.route.retry = retry
		remote.mu.Unlock()
	}

	return !exists, sendInfo
}

func (s *Server) broadcastInterestToRoutes(proto string) {
	var arg []byte
	if atomic.LoadInt32(&trace) == 1 {
		arg = []byte(proto[:len(proto)-LEN_CR_LF])
	}
	protoAsBytes := []byte(proto)
	s.mu.Lock()
	for _, route := range s.routes {
		// FIXME(dlc) - Make same logic as deliverMsg
		route.mu.Lock()
		route.sendProto(protoAsBytes, true)
		route.mu.Unlock()
		route.traceOutOp("", arg)
	}
	s.mu.Unlock()
}

// broadcastSubscribe will forward a client subscription
// to all active routes.
func (s *Server) broadcastSubscribe(sub *subscription) {
	if s.numRoutes() == 0 {
		return
	}
	rsid := routeSid(sub)
	proto := fmt.Sprintf(subProto, sub.subject, sub.queue, rsid)
	s.broadcastInterestToRoutes(proto)
}

// broadcastUnSubscribe will forward a client unsubscribe
// action to all active routes.
func (s *Server) broadcastUnSubscribe(sub *subscription) {
	if s.numRoutes() == 0 {
		return
	}
	rsid := routeSid(sub)
	maxStr := _EMPTY_
	sub.client.mu.Lock()
	// Set max if we have it set and have not tripped auto-unsubscribe
	if sub.max > 0 && sub.nm < sub.max {
		maxStr = fmt.Sprintf(" %d", sub.max)
	}
	sub.client.mu.Unlock()
	proto := fmt.Sprintf(unsubProto, rsid, maxStr)
	s.broadcastInterestToRoutes(proto)
}

func (s *Server) routeAcceptLoop(ch chan struct{}) {
	hp := net.JoinHostPort(s.opts.ClusterHost, strconv.Itoa(s.opts.ClusterPort))
	Noticef("Listening for route connections on %s", hp)
	l, e := net.Listen("tcp", hp)
	if e != nil {
		// We need to close this channel to avoid a deadlock
		close(ch)
		Fatalf("Error listening on router port: %d - %v", s.opts.ClusterPort, e)
		return
	}

	// Let them know we are up
	close(ch)

	// Setup state that can enable shutdown
	s.mu.Lock()
	s.routeListener = l
	s.mu.Unlock()

	tmpDelay := ACCEPT_MIN_SLEEP

	for s.isRunning() {
		conn, err := l.Accept()
		if err != nil {
			if ne, ok := err.(net.Error); ok && ne.Temporary() {
				Debugf("Temporary Route Accept Errorf(%v), sleeping %dms",
					ne, tmpDelay/time.Millisecond)
				time.Sleep(tmpDelay)
				tmpDelay *= 2
				if tmpDelay > ACCEPT_MAX_SLEEP {
					tmpDelay = ACCEPT_MAX_SLEEP
				}
			} else if s.isRunning() {
				Noticef("Accept error: %v", err)
			}
			continue
		}
		tmpDelay = ACCEPT_MIN_SLEEP
		s.startGoRoutine(func() {
			s.createRoute(conn, nil)
			s.grWG.Done()
		})
	}
	Debugf("Router accept loop exiting..")
	s.done <- true
}

// StartRouting will start the accept loop on the cluster host:port
// and will actively try to connect to listed routes.
func (s *Server) StartRouting(clientListenReady chan struct{}) {
	defer s.grWG.Done()

	// Wait for the client listen port to be opened, and
	// the possible ephemeral port to be selected.
	<-clientListenReady

	// Get all possible URLs (when server listens to 0.0.0.0).
	// This is going to be sent to other Servers, so that they can let their
	// clients know about us.
	clientConnectURLs := s.getClientConnectURLs()

	// Check for TLSConfig
	tlsReq := s.opts.ClusterTLSConfig != nil
	info := Info{
		ID:                s.info.ID,
		Version:           s.info.Version,
		Host:              s.opts.ClusterHost,
		Port:              s.opts.ClusterPort,
		AuthRequired:      false,
		TLSRequired:       tlsReq,
		SSLRequired:       tlsReq,
		TLSVerify:         tlsReq,
		MaxPayload:        s.info.MaxPayload,
		ClientConnectURLs: clientConnectURLs,
	}
	// Check for Auth items
	if s.opts.ClusterUsername != "" {
		info.AuthRequired = true
	}
	s.routeInfo = info
	b, _ := json.Marshal(info)
	s.routeInfoJSON = []byte(fmt.Sprintf(InfoProto, b))

	// Spin up the accept loop
	ch := make(chan struct{})
	go s.routeAcceptLoop(ch)
	<-ch

	// Solicit Routes if needed.
	s.solicitRoutes()
}

func (s *Server) reConnectToRoute(rURL *url.URL, rtype RouteType) {
	tryForEver := rtype == Explicit
	if tryForEver {
		time.Sleep(DEFAULT_ROUTE_RECONNECT)
	}
	s.connectToRoute(rURL, tryForEver)
}

func (s *Server) connectToRoute(rURL *url.URL, tryForEver bool) {
	defer s.grWG.Done()
	for s.isRunning() && rURL != nil {
		Debugf("Trying to connect to route on %s", rURL.Host)
		conn, err := net.DialTimeout("tcp", rURL.Host, DEFAULT_ROUTE_DIAL)
		if err != nil {
			Debugf("Error trying to connect to route: %v", err)
			select {
			case <-s.rcQuit:
				return
			case <-time.After(DEFAULT_ROUTE_CONNECT):
				if !tryForEver {
					return
				}
				continue
			}
		}
		// We have a route connection here.
		// Go ahead and create it and exit this func.
		s.createRoute(conn, rURL)
		return
	}
}

func (c *client) isSolicitedRoute() bool {
	c.mu.Lock()
	defer c.mu.Unlock()
	return c.typ == ROUTER && c.route != nil && c.route.didSolicit
}

func (s *Server) solicitRoutes() {
	for _, r := range s.opts.Routes {
		route := r
		s.startGoRoutine(func() { s.connectToRoute(route, true) })
	}
}

func (s *Server) numRoutes() int {
	s.mu.Lock()
	defer s.mu.Unlock()
	return len(s.routes)
}