Paracelsus generates Entity Relationship Diagrams by reading your SQLAlchemy models.

• Paracelsus
  • Features
  • Usage
    • Installation
    • Basic CLI Usage
    • Importing Models
    • Generate Mermaid Diagrams
    • Inject Mermaid Diagrams
    • Creating Images
    • pyproject.toml
  • Sponsorship

• ERDs can be injected into documentation as Mermaid Diagrams.
• Paracelsus can be run in CICD to check that databases are up to date.
• ERDs can be created as files in either Dot or Mermaid format.
• DOT files can be used to generate SVG or PNG files, or edited in GraphViz or other editors.

The paracelsus package should be installed in the same environment as your code, as it will be reading your SQLAlchemy base class to generate the diagrams.

pip install paracelsus

Paracelsus is primarily a CLI application.

paracelsus --help

It has three commands:

• version outputs the version of the currently installed paracelsus cli.
• graph generates a graph and outputs it to stdout.
• inject inserts the graph into a markdown file.

SQLAlchemy models have to be imported before they are put into the model registry inside of the base class. This is similar to how Alembic needs models to be imported in order to generate migrations.

The --import-module flag can be used to import any python module, which presumably will include one or more SQLAlchemy models inside of it.

paracelsus graph example_app.models.base:Base \
  --import-module "example_app.models.users" \
  --import-module "example_app.models.posts" \
  --import-module "example_app.models.comments"

The :* modify can be used to specify that a wild card import should be used. Make sure to wrap the module name in quotes when using this to prevent shell expansion.

paracelsus graph example_app.models.base:Base --import-module "example_app.models:*"

This is equivalent to running this style of python import:

from example_app.models import *

After importing the models, it is possible to select a subset of those models by using the --exlude-tables and --include-tables options. These are mutually exclusive options, the user can only provide inclusions or exclusions:

paracelsus graph example_app.models.base:Base \
  --import-module "example_app.models.*" \
  --exclude-tables "comments"

This is equivalent to:

paracelsus graph example_app.models.base:Base \
  --import-module "example_app.models.*" \
  --include-tables "users"
  --include-tables "posts"

By default Paracelsus will sort the columns in all models such as primary keys are first, foreign keys are next and all other columns are sorted alphabetically by name.

paracelsus graph example_app.models.base:Base \
  --import-module "example_app.models.users" \

produces the same results as:

paracelsus graph example_app.models.base:Base \
  --import-module "example_app.models.users" \
  --column-sort key-based

Pass the --column-sort option to change this behavior. To preserve the order of fields present in the models use "preserve-order":

paracelsus graph example_app.models.base:Base \
  --import-module "example_app.models.users" \
  --column-sort preserve-order

paracelsus graph example_app.models.base:Base --import-module "example_app.models:*"

erDiagram
 users {
  CHAR(32) id PK
  DATETIME created
  VARCHAR(100) display_name "nullable"
 }

 posts {
  CHAR(32) id PK
  CHAR(32) author FK
  TEXT content "nullable"
  DATETIME created
  BOOLEAN live "nullable"
 }

 comments {
  CHAR(32) id PK
  CHAR(32) author FK
  CHAR(32) post FK "nullable"
  TEXT content "nullable"
  DATETIME created
  BOOLEAN live "nullable"
 }

 users ||--o{ posts : author
 posts ||--o{ comments : post
 users ||--o{ comments : author

When run through a Mermaid viewer, such as the ones installed in the markdown viewers of many version control systems, this will turn into a graphic.

erDiagram
 users {
  CHAR(32) id PK
  DATETIME created
  VARCHAR(100) display_name "nullable"
 }

 posts {
  CHAR(32) id PK
  CHAR(32) author FK
  TEXT content "nullable"
  DATETIME created
  BOOLEAN live "nullable"
 }

 comments {
  CHAR(32) id PK
  CHAR(32) author FK
  CHAR(32) post FK "nullable"
  TEXT content "nullable"
  DATETIME created
  BOOLEAN live "nullable"
 }

 users ||--o{ posts : author
 posts ||--o{ comments : post
 users ||--o{ comments : author

Mermaid Diagrams and Markdown work extremely well together, and it's common to place diagrams inside of project documentation. Paracelsus can be used to inject diagrams directly into markdown configuration. It does so by looking for specific tags and placing a code block inside of them, replacing any existing content between the tags.

## Schema
<!-- BEGIN_SQLALCHEMY_DOCS -->

<!-- END_SQLALCHEMY_DOCS -->

paracelsus inject db/README.md example_app.models.base:Base --import-module "example_app.models:*"

The --check flag can be used to see if the command would make any changes. If the file is already up to date then it will return a status code of 0, otherwise it will return 1 if changes are needed. This is useful in CI/CD or precommit hook to enforce that documentation is always current.

paracelsus inject db/README.md example_app.models.base:Base --import-module "example_app.models:*" --check

GraphViz has a command line tool named dot that can be used to turn dot graphs into images.

To create an SVG file:

paracelsus graph example_app.models.base:Base --import-module "example_app.models:*" --format dot | dot -Tsvg > output.svg

To create a PNG file:

paracelsus graph example_app.models.base:Base --import-module "example_app.models:*" --format dot | dot -Tpng > output.png

The settings for your project can be saved directly in the pyprojects.toml file of your project.

[tool.paracelsus]
base = "example.base:Base"
imports = [
  "example.models"
]

This also allows users to set excludes, includes, and column sorting.

[tool.paracelsus]
base = "example.base:Base"
imports = [
  "example.models"
]
exclude_tables = [
  "comments"
]
column_sort = "preserve-order"

This project is developed by Robert Hafner If you find this project useful please consider sponsoring me using Github!