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<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<title>Go by Example မြန်မာဘာသာ: Stateful Goroutines</title>
<link rel=stylesheet href="site.css">
</head>
<script>
onkeydown = (e) => {
if (e.key == "ArrowLeft") {
window.location.href = 'mutexes';
}
if (e.key == "ArrowRight") {
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<body>
<div class="example" id="stateful-goroutines">
<h2><a href="./">Go by Example မြန်မာဘာသာ</a>: Stateful Goroutines</h2>
<table>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p>အရင်ဥပမာမှာ <a href="mutexes">mutex</a> တွေကို အသုံးပြုပြီး goroutine အများကြီးကြားထဲမှာ
shared state ကို access လုပ်တာကို synchronize လုပ်ခဲ့ပါတယ်။ နောက်ထပ်နည်းလမ်းတစ်ခုကတော့
goroutine တွေနဲ့ channel တွေရဲ့ built-in synchronization feature တွေကို သုံးပြီး
တူညီတဲ့ရလဒ်ကို ရယူတာပါ။ ဒီ channel-based နည်းလမ်းက Go ရဲ့ “memory ကို communicating ဖြင့်
မျှဝေသုံးစွဲခြင်း” နဲ့ “ဒေတာတစ်ခုချင်းစီကို တိတိကျကျ goroutine တစ်ခုက ပိုင်ဆိုင်ခြင်း” ဆိုတဲ့
အယူအဆတွေနဲ့ ကိုက်ညီပါတယ်။</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty leading">
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<a href="https://go.dev/play/p/-rntD4vw3ee"><img title="Run code" src="play.png" class="run" /></a><img title="Copy code" src="clipboard.png" class="copy" />
<pre class="chroma"><span class="kn">package</span> <span class="nx">main</span>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<pre class="chroma"><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="p">(</span>
<span class="s">"fmt"</span>
<span class="s">"math/rand"</span>
<span class="s">"sync/atomic"</span>
<span class="s">"time"</span>
<span class="p">)</span>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p>ဒီဥပမာမှာ ကျွန်တော်တို့ရဲ့ state ကို goroutine တစ်ခုတည်းက ပိုင်ဆိုင်မှာပါ။
ဒီနည်းက ဒေတာကို concurrent access လုပ်တဲ့အခါ ဘယ်တော့မှ ပျက်စီးမသွားစေပါဘူး။
တခြား goroutine တွေက အဲဒီ state ကို ဖတ်ချင်တာ ရေးချင်တာရှိရင်
ပိုင်ဆိုင်တဲ့ goroutine ဆီ message ပို့ပြီး အကြောင်းပြန်ချက်ကို လက်ခံရယူရပါမယ်။
ဒီ <code>readOp</code> နဲ့ <code>writeOp</code> <code>struct</code> တွေက အဲဒီ request တွေနဲ့
ပိုင်ဆိုင်တဲ့ goroutine က ပြန်လည်တုံ့ပြန်နိုင်မယ့် နည်းလမ်းကို encapsulate လုပ်ထားပါတယ်။</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<pre class="chroma">
<span class="kd">type</span> <span class="nx">readOp</span> <span class="kd">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">key</span> <span class="kt">int</span>
<span class="nx">resp</span> <span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">int</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="kd">type</span> <span class="nx">writeOp</span> <span class="kd">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">key</span> <span class="kt">int</span>
<span class="nx">val</span> <span class="kt">int</span>
<span class="nx">resp</span> <span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">bool</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<pre class="chroma"><span class="kd">func</span> <span class="nf">main</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p>အရင်တုန်းကလိုပဲ ကျွန်တော်တို့ လုပ်ဆောင်တဲ့ operation အရေအတွက်ကို ရေတွက်ပါမယ်။</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<pre class="chroma">
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">readOps</span> <span class="kt">uint64</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">writeOps</span> <span class="kt">uint64</span>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p><code>reads</code> နဲ့ <code>writes</code> channel တွေကို တခြား goroutine တွေက
read နဲ့ write request တွေ ပို့ဖို့ အသုံးပြုပါမယ်။</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<pre class="chroma">
<span class="nx">reads</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="nx">readOp</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">writes</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="nx">writeOp</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p>ဒါက <code>state</code> ကို ပိုင်ဆိုင်တဲ့ goroutine ပါ။ <code>state</code> က
အရင်ဥပမာကလိုပဲ map တစ်ခုဖြစ်ပေမယ့် အခုတော့ stateful goroutine ထဲမှာပဲ
private ဖြစ်နေပါပြီ။ ဒီ goroutine က <code>reads</code> နဲ့ <code>writes</code> channel တွေကို
ထပ်ခါထပ်ခါ select လုပ်ပြီး request တွေ ရောက်လာတိုင်း တုံ့ပြန်ပါတယ်။
တုံ့ပြန်မှုကို တောင်းဆိုထားတဲ့ operation ကို အရင်လုပ်ဆောင်ပြီးမှ
အောင်မြင်ကြောင်း (နဲ့ <code>reads</code> ဖြစ်ရင် တောင်းဆိုထားတဲ့တန်ဖိုး) ကို
response channel <code>resp</code> ပေါ်မှာ ပို့ခြင်းဖြင့် ဆောင်ရွက်ပါတယ်။</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<pre class="chroma">
<span class="k">go</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="kd">var</span> <span class="nx">state</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">map</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">]</span><span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">select</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="nx">read</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="o"><-</span><span class="nx">reads</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">read</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">resp</span> <span class="o"><-</span> <span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">read</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">]</span>
<span class="k">case</span> <span class="nx">write</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="o"><-</span><span class="nx">writes</span><span class="p">:</span>
<span class="nx">state</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="nx">write</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="p">=</span> <span class="nx">write</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">val</span>
<span class="nx">write</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">resp</span> <span class="o"><-</span> <span class="kc">true</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}()</span>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p>ဒါက goroutine 100 ကို စတင်ပြီး <code>reads</code> channel ကနေတဆင့်
state-owning goroutine ဆီ read တွေ ပို့ခိုင်းတာပါ။
Read တိုင်းမှာ <code>readOp</code> တစ်ခု တည်ဆောက်ပြီး <code>reads</code> channel ပေါ်က ပို့ရပါတယ်။
ပြီးတော့မှ ပေးထားတဲ့ <code>resp</code> channel ကနေ ရလဒ်ကို လက်ခံရယူရပါတယ်။</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<pre class="chroma">
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">r</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">r</span> <span class="p"><</span> <span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">r</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">go</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">read</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">readOp</span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nx">rand</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Intn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="nx">resp</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">int</span><span class="p">)}</span>
<span class="nx">reads</span> <span class="o"><-</span> <span class="nx">read</span>
<span class="o"><-</span><span class="nx">read</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">resp</span>
<span class="nx">atomic</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">AddUint64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">readOps</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Millisecond</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}()</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p>ဒီမှာတော့ အလားတူနည်းလမ်းကိုသုံးပြီး write 10 ခုကို စတင်ပါတယ်။</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<pre class="chroma">
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="nx">w</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">w</span> <span class="p"><</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="nx">w</span><span class="o">++</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">go</span> <span class="kd">func</span><span class="p">()</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="k">for</span> <span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">write</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">writeOp</span><span class="p">{</span>
<span class="nx">key</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nx">rand</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Intn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">5</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="nx">val</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nx">rand</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Intn</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">100</span><span class="p">),</span>
<span class="nx">resp</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="nb">make</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="kd">chan</span> <span class="kt">bool</span><span class="p">)}</span>
<span class="nx">writes</span> <span class="o"><-</span> <span class="nx">write</span>
<span class="o"><-</span><span class="nx">write</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">resp</span>
<span class="nx">atomic</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">AddUint64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">writeOps</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Millisecond</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
<span class="p">}()</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p>Goroutine တွေကို တစ်စက္ကန့်လောက် အလုပ်လုပ်ခွင့်ပေးပါ။</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<pre class="chroma">
<span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Sleep</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">time</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">Second</span><span class="p">)</span>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p>နောက်ဆုံးမှာ operation အရေအတွက်တွေကို ဖတ်ယူပြီး report လုပ်ပါ။</p>
</td>
<td class="code">
<pre class="chroma">
<span class="nx">readOpsFinal</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">atomic</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">LoadUint64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">readOps</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"readOps:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">readOpsFinal</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">writeOpsFinal</span> <span class="o">:=</span> <span class="nx">atomic</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">LoadUint64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&</span><span class="nx">writeOps</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="nx">fmt</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nf">Println</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="s">"writeOps:"</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nx">writeOpsFinal</span><span class="p">)</span>
<span class="p">}</span>
</pre>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<table>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p>ကျွန်တော်တို့ရဲ့ ပရိုဂရမ်ကို run လိုက်တဲ့အခါ
goroutine-based
state management ဥပမာက စုစုပေါင်း
operation 80,000 လောက်
ပြီးမြောက်တာကို တွေ့ရပါတယ်။</p>
</td>
<td class="code leading">
<pre class="chroma">
<span class="gp">$</span> go run stateful-goroutines.go
<span class="go">readOps: 71708
</span><span class="go">writeOps: 7177</span></pre>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="docs">
<p>ဒီဥပမာအတွက်တော့ goroutine-based
နည်းလမ်းက mutex-based နည်းလမ်းထက်
နည်းနည်း ပိုရှုပ်ထွေးပါတယ်။ ဒါပေမယ့် တချို့
case တွေမှာတော့ အသုံးဝင်နိုင်ပါတယ်။
ဥပမာ - တခြား channel တွေပါ
ပါဝင်နေတဲ့အခါ သို့မဟုတ် mutex
အများကြီးကို စီမံခန့်ခွဲရတာ
မှားယွင်းနိုင်ခြေများတဲ့အခါမျိုးပါ။
သင့်အနေနဲ့ ပိုပြီး သဘာဝကျတယ်လို့
ခံစားရတဲ့နည်းလမ်းကို
သုံးသင့်ပါတယ်။ အထူးသဖြင့် သင့်ရဲ့ပရိုဂရမ်ရဲ့
မှန်ကန်မှုကို နားလည်ရတာနဲ့ ပတ်သက်ပြီးပါ။</p>
</td>
<td class="code empty">
</td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class="next">
နောက်ဥပမာ: <a href="sorting">Sorting</a>.
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by <a href="https://markmcgranaghan.com">Mark McGranaghan</a> နှင့် <a href="https://eli.thegreenplace.net">Eli Bendersky</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample">source</a> | <a href="https://github.com/mmcgrana/gobyexample#license">license</a>
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<script>
var codeLines = [];
codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('package main\u000A');codeLines.push('import (\u000A \"fmt\"\u000A \"math/rand\"\u000A \"sync/atomic\"\u000A \"time\"\u000A)\u000A');codeLines.push('type readOp struct {\u000A key int\u000A resp chan int\u000A}\u000Atype writeOp struct {\u000A key int\u000A val int\u000A resp chan bool\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('func main() {\u000A');codeLines.push(' var readOps uint64\u000A var writeOps uint64\u000A');codeLines.push(' reads :\u003D make(chan readOp)\u000A writes :\u003D make(chan writeOp)\u000A');codeLines.push(' go func() {\u000A var state \u003D make(map[int]int)\u000A for {\u000A select {\u000A case read :\u003D \u003C-reads:\u000A read.resp \u003C- state[read.key]\u000A case write :\u003D \u003C-writes:\u000A state[write.key] \u003D write.val\u000A write.resp \u003C- true\u000A }\u000A }\u000A }()\u000A');codeLines.push(' for r :\u003D 0; r \u003C 100; r++ {\u000A go func() {\u000A for {\u000A read :\u003D readOp{\u000A key: rand.Intn(5),\u000A resp: make(chan int)}\u000A reads \u003C- read\u000A \u003C-read.resp\u000A atomic.AddUint64(\u0026readOps, 1)\u000A time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)\u000A }\u000A }()\u000A }\u000A');codeLines.push(' for w :\u003D 0; w \u003C 10; w++ {\u000A go func() {\u000A for {\u000A write :\u003D writeOp{\u000A key: rand.Intn(5),\u000A val: rand.Intn(100),\u000A resp: make(chan bool)}\u000A writes \u003C- write\u000A \u003C-write.resp\u000A atomic.AddUint64(\u0026writeOps, 1)\u000A time.Sleep(time.Millisecond)\u000A }\u000A }()\u000A }\u000A');codeLines.push(' time.Sleep(time.Second)\u000A');codeLines.push(' readOpsFinal :\u003D atomic.LoadUint64(\u0026readOps)\u000A fmt.Println(\"readOps:\", readOpsFinal)\u000A writeOpsFinal :\u003D atomic.LoadUint64(\u0026writeOps)\u000A fmt.Println(\"writeOps:\", writeOpsFinal)\u000A}\u000A');codeLines.push('');codeLines.push('');
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