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2 changes: 1 addition & 1 deletion a1-starting.md
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Expand Up @@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ To get started with R, you need to acquire your own copy. This appendix will sho

Both R and RStudio are free and easy to download.

## How to Download and Install R2
## How to Download and Install R

R is maintained by an international team of developers who make the language available through the web page of [The Comprehensive R Archive Network](http://cran.r-project.org). The top of the web page provides three links for downloading R. Follow the link that describes your operating system: Windows, Mac, or Linux.

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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions docs/a1-starting.html
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Expand Up @@ -363,7 +363,7 @@ <h1 class="title d-none d-lg-block display-6">Appendix A — Installing R and RS
<p>To get started with R, you need to acquire your own copy. This appendix will show you how to download R as well as RStudio, a software application that makes R easier to use. You’ll go from downloading R to opening your first R session.</p>
<p>Both R and RStudio are free and easy to download.</p>
<section class="level2" data-number="A.1">
<h2 data-number="A.1" class="anchored" id="how-to-download-and-install-r2"><span class="header-section-number">A.1</span> How to Download and Install R2</h2>
<h2 data-number="A.1" class="anchored" id="how-to-download-and-install-r"><span class="header-section-number">A.1</span> How to Download and Install R</h2>
<p>R is maintained by an international team of developers who make the language available through the web page of <a href="http://cran.r-project.org">The Comprehensive R Archive Network</a>. The top of the web page provides three links for downloading R. Follow the link that describes your operating system: Windows, Mac, or Linux.</p>
<section class="level3" data-number="A.1.1">
<h3 data-number="A.1.1" class="anchored" id="windows"><span class="header-section-number">A.1.1</span> Windows</h3>
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<nav id="TOC" role="doc-toc">
<h2 id="toc-title">Table of contents</h2>
<ul>
<li><a href="#how-to-download-and-install-r2" class="nav-link" data-bs-target="#how-to-download-and-install-r2"> <span class="header-section-number">A.1</span> How to Download and Install R2</a>
<li><a href="#how-to-download-and-install-r" class="nav-link" data-bs-target="#how-to-download-and-install-r"> <span class="header-section-number">A.1</span> How to Download and Install R</a>
<ul>
<li><a href="#windows" class="nav-link" data-bs-target="#windows"> <span class="header-section-number">A.1.1</span> Windows</a></li>
<li><a href="#mac" class="nav-link" data-bs-target="#mac"> <span class="header-section-number">A.1.2</span> Mac</a></li>
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4 changes: 2 additions & 2 deletions docs/search.json
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"text": "You have now written your first program in R, and it is a program that you should be proud of. play is not a simple hello world exercise, but a real program that does a real task in a complicated way.\nWriting new programs in R will always be challenging because programming depends so much on your own creativity, problem-solving ability, and experience writing similar types of programs. However, you can use the suggestions in this chapter to make even the most complicated program manageable: divide tasks into simple steps and cases, work with concrete examples, and describe possible solutions in English.\nThis project completes the education you began in [The Very Basics]. You can now use R to handle data, which has augmented your ability to analyze data. You can:\n\nLoad and store data in your computer—not on paper or in your mind\nAccurately recall and change individual values without relying on your memory\nInstruct your computer to do tedious, or complex, tasks on your behalf\n\nThese skills solve an important logistical problem faced by every data scientist: how can you store and manipulate data without making errors? However, this is not the only problem that you will face as a data scientist. The next problem will appear when you try to understand the information contained in your data. It is nearly impossible to spot insights or to discover patterns in raw data. A third problem will appear when you try to use your data set to reason about reality, which includes things not contained in your data set. What exactly does your data imply about things outside of the data set? How certain can you be?\nI refer to these problems as the logistical, tactical, and strategic problems of data science, as shown in fig. 10.4. You’ll face them whenever you try to learn from data:\n\nA logistical problem: - How can you store and manipulate data without making errors?\nA tactical problem - How can you discover the information contained in your data?\nA strategic problem - How can you use the data to draw conclusions about the world at large?\n\n\n\n\nFigure 10.4: The three core skill sets of data science: computer programming, data comprehension, and scientific reasoning.\n\n\nA well-rounded data scientist will need to be able to solve each of these problems in many different situations. By learning to program in R, you have mastered the logistical problem, which is a prerequisite for solving the tactical and strategic problems.\nIf you would like to learn how to reason with data, or how to transform, visualize, and explore your data sets with R tools, I recommend the book R for Data Science, the companion volume to this book. R for Data Science teaches a simple workflow for transforming, visualizing, and modeling data in R, as well as how to report results with the R Markdown package."
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"text": "R is maintained by an international team of developers who make the language available through the web page of The Comprehensive R Archive Network. The top of the web page provides three links for downloading R. Follow the link that describes your operating system: Windows, Mac, or Linux.\n\nA.1.1 Windows\nTo install R on Windows, click the “Download R for Windows” link. Then click the “base” link. Next, click the first link at the top of the new page. This link should say something like “Download R 3.0.3 for Windows,” except the 3.0.3 will be replaced by the most current version of R. The link downloads an installer program, which installs the most up-to-date version of R for Windows. Run this program and step through the installation wizard that appears. The wizard will install R into your program files folders and place a shortcut in your Start menu. Note that you’ll need to have all of the appropriate administration privileges to install new software on your machine.\n\n\nA.1.2 Mac\nTo install R on a Mac, click the “Download R for Mac” link. Next, click on the R-3.0.3 package link (or the package link for the most current release of R). An installer will download to guide you through the installation process, which is very easy. The installer lets you customize your installation, but the defaults will be suitable for most users. I’ve never found a reason to change them. If your computer requires a password before installing new progams, you’ll need it here.\n\n\n\n\n\n\nBinaries Versus Source\n\n\n\nR can be installed from precompiled binaries or built from source on any operating system. For Windows and Mac machines, installing R from binaries is extremely easy. The binary comes preloaded in its own installer. Although you can build R from source on these platforms, the process is much more complicated and won’t provide much benefit for most users. For Linux systems, the opposite is true. Precompiled binaries can be found for some systems, but it is much more common to build R from source files when installing on Linux. The download pages on CRAN’s website provide information about building R from source for the Windows, Mac, and Linux platforms.\n\n\n\n\nA.1.3 Linux\nR comes preinstalled on many Linux systems, but you’ll want the newest version of R if yours is out of date. The CRAN website provides files to build R from source on Debian, Redhat, SUSE, and Ubuntu systems under the link “Download R for Linux.” Click the link and then follow the directory trail to the version of Linux you wish to install on. The exact installation procedure will vary depending on the Linux system you use. CRAN guides the process by grouping each set of source files with documentation or README files that explain how to install on your system.\n\n\n\n\n\n\n32-bit Versus 64-bit\n\n\n\nR comes in both 32-bit and 64-bit versions. Which should you use? In most cases, it won’t matter. Both versions use 32-bit integers, which means they compute numbers to the same numerical precision. The difference occurs in the way each version manages memory. 64-bit R uses 64-bit memory pointers, and 32-bit R uses 32-bit memory pointers. This means 64-bit R has a larger memory space to use (and search through).\nAs a rule of thumb, 32-bit builds of R are faster than 64-bit builds, though not always. On the other hand, 64-bit builds can handle larger files and data sets with fewer memory management problems. In either version, the maximum allowable vector size tops out at around 2 billion elements. If your operating system doesn’t support 64-bit programs, or your RAM is less than 4 GB, 32-bit R is for you. The Windows and Mac installers will automatically install both versions if your system supports 64-bit R."
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