diff --git a/packages/jest-config/src/__tests__/normalize.test.ts b/packages/jest-config/src/__tests__/normalize.test.ts
index 319fdaa1520b..4a8cc08c3439 100644
--- a/packages/jest-config/src/__tests__/normalize.test.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-config/src/__tests__/normalize.test.ts
@@ -1630,60 +1630,6 @@ describe('testPathPattern', () => {
 
         expect(options.testPathPattern).toBe('a/b|c/d');
       });
-
-      describe('posix', () => {
-        it('should not escape the pattern', async () => {
-          const argv = {
-            [opt.property]: ['a\\/b', 'a/b', 'a\\b', 'a\\\\b'],
-          } as Config.Argv;
-          const {options} = await normalize(initialOptions, argv);
-
-          expect(options.testPathPattern).toBe('a\\/b|a/b|a\\b|a\\\\b');
-        });
-      });
-
-      describe('win32', () => {
-        beforeEach(() => {
-          jest.mock(
-            'path',
-            () => jest.requireActual<typeof import('path')>('path').win32,
-          );
-          (
-            require('jest-resolve') as typeof import('jest-resolve')
-          ).default.findNodeModule = findNodeModule;
-        });
-
-        afterEach(() => {
-          jest.resetModules();
-        });
-
-        it('preserves any use of "\\"', async () => {
-          const argv = {[opt.property]: ['a\\b', 'c\\\\d']} as Config.Argv;
-          const {options} = await (
-            require('../normalize') as typeof import('../normalize')
-          ).default(initialOptions, argv);
-
-          expect(options.testPathPattern).toBe('a\\b|c\\\\d');
-        });
-
-        it('replaces POSIX path separators', async () => {
-          const argv = {[opt.property]: ['a/b']} as Config.Argv;
-          const {options} = await (
-            require('../normalize') as typeof import('../normalize')
-          ).default(initialOptions, argv);
-
-          expect(options.testPathPattern).toBe('a\\\\b');
-        });
-
-        it('replaces POSIX paths in multiple args', async () => {
-          const argv = {[opt.property]: ['a/b', 'c/d']} as Config.Argv;
-          const {options} = await (
-            require('../normalize') as typeof import('../normalize')
-          ).default(initialOptions, argv);
-
-          expect(options.testPathPattern).toBe('a\\\\b|c\\\\d');
-        });
-      });
     });
   }
 
diff --git a/packages/jest-config/src/__tests__/validatePattern.test.ts b/packages/jest-config/src/__tests__/validatePattern.test.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index e664f70bfa7b..000000000000
--- a/packages/jest-config/src/__tests__/validatePattern.test.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,35 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- *
- */
-
-import validatePattern from '../validatePattern';
-
-describe('validate pattern function', () => {
-  it('without passed args returns true', () => {
-    const isValid = validatePattern();
-
-    expect(isValid).toBeTruthy();
-  });
-
-  it('returns true for empty pattern', () => {
-    const isValid = validatePattern('');
-
-    expect(isValid).toBeTruthy();
-  });
-
-  it('returns true for valid pattern', () => {
-    const isValid = validatePattern('abc+');
-
-    expect(isValid).toBeTruthy();
-  });
-
-  it('returns false for invalid pattern', () => {
-    const isValid = validatePattern('\\');
-
-    expect(isValid).toBeFalsy();
-  });
-});
diff --git a/packages/jest-config/src/normalize.ts b/packages/jest-config/src/normalize.ts
index 8f36190a03cb..983d77edf2e6 100644
--- a/packages/jest-config/src/normalize.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-config/src/normalize.ts
@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import Resolver, {
   resolveWatchPlugin,
 } from 'jest-resolve';
 import {
+  TestPathPatterns,
   clearLine,
   replacePathSepForGlob,
   requireOrImportModule,
@@ -49,7 +50,6 @@ import {
   replaceRootDirInPath,
   resolve,
 } from './utils';
-import validatePattern from './validatePattern';
 
 const ERROR = `${BULLET}Validation Error`;
 const PRESET_EXTENSIONS = ['.json', '.js', '.cjs', '.mjs'];
@@ -401,14 +401,11 @@ const buildTestPathPattern = (argv: Config.Argv): string => {
     patterns.push(...argv.testPathPattern);
   }
 
-  const replacePosixSep = (pattern: string) =>
-    path.sep === '/' ? pattern : pattern.replace(/\//g, '\\\\');
-
-  const testPathPattern = patterns.map(replacePosixSep).join('|');
-  if (validatePattern(testPathPattern)) {
-    return testPathPattern;
+  const testPathPatterns = new TestPathPatterns(patterns);
+  if (testPathPatterns.isValid()) {
+    return testPathPatterns.regexString;
   } else {
-    showTestPathPatternError(testPathPattern);
+    showTestPathPatternError(testPathPatterns.regexString);
     return '';
   }
 };
diff --git a/packages/jest-config/src/validatePattern.ts b/packages/jest-config/src/validatePattern.ts
deleted file mode 100644
index 90f3a2c3abe3..000000000000
--- a/packages/jest-config/src/validatePattern.ts
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,19 +0,0 @@
-/**
- * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
- *
- * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
- * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
- */
-
-export default function validatePattern(pattern?: string): boolean {
-  if (pattern) {
-    try {
-      // eslint-disable-next-line no-new
-      new RegExp(pattern, 'i');
-    } catch {
-      return false;
-    }
-  }
-
-  return true;
-}
diff --git a/packages/jest-util/src/TestPathPatterns.ts b/packages/jest-util/src/TestPathPatterns.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..142d86192a58
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/jest-util/src/TestPathPatterns.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+import {replacePathSepForRegex} from 'jest-regex-util';
+
+export default class TestPathPatterns {
+  readonly patterns: Array<string>;
+
+  private _regexString: string | null = null;
+
+  constructor(patterns: Array<string>) {
+    this.patterns = patterns;
+  }
+
+  get regexString(): string {
+    if (this._regexString !== null) {
+      return this._regexString;
+    }
+    const regexString = this.patterns
+      .map(replacePathSepForRegex)
+      .join('|');
+    this._regexString = regexString;
+    return regexString;
+  }
+
+  private get regex(): RegExp {
+    return new RegExp(this.regexString, 'i');
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if there are any patterns.
+   */
+  isSet(): boolean {
+    return this.patterns.length > 0;
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if the patterns form a valid regex.
+   */
+  isValid(): boolean {
+    try {
+      // @ts-expect-error noUnusedLocals
+      // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-unused-vars
+      const _ = this.regex;
+      return true;
+    } catch {
+      return false;
+    }
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return true if the given ABSOLUTE path matches the patterns.
+   *
+   * Throws an error if the patterns form an invalid regex (see `isValid`).
+   */
+  isMatch(path: string): boolean {
+    return this.regex.test(path);
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Return a human-friendly version of the pattern regex.
+   *
+   * Does no normalization or anything, just a naive joining of the regex,
+   * for simplicity.
+   */
+  toPretty(): string {
+    const regex = this.patterns.map(p => p.replace(/\//g, '\\/')).join('|');
+    return `/${regex}/i`;
+  }
+}
diff --git a/packages/jest-util/src/__tests__/TestPathPatterns.test.ts b/packages/jest-util/src/__tests__/TestPathPatterns.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b5be21943629
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/jest-util/src/__tests__/TestPathPatterns.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,134 @@
+/**
+ * Copyright (c) Meta Platforms, Inc. and affiliates.
+ *
+ * This source code is licensed under the MIT license found in the
+ * LICENSE file in the root directory of this source tree.
+ */
+
+import type * as path from 'path';
+import TestPathPatterns from '../TestPathPatterns';
+
+const mockSep = jest.fn();
+jest.mock('path', () => {
+  return {
+    ...(jest.requireActual('path') as typeof path),
+    get sep() {
+      return mockSep() || '/';
+    },
+  };
+});
+beforeEach(() => {
+  jest.resetAllMocks();
+});
+
+describe('TestPathPatterns', () => {
+  describe('isSet', () => {
+    it('returns false if no patterns specified', () => {
+      const testPathPatterns = new TestPathPatterns([]);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isSet()).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('returns true if patterns specified', () => {
+      const testPathPatterns = new TestPathPatterns(['a']);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isSet()).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('isValid', () => {
+    it('returns true for empty patterns', () => {
+      const testPathPatterns = new TestPathPatterns([]);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isValid()).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('returns true for valid patterns', () => {
+      const testPathPatterns = new TestPathPatterns(['abc+', 'z.*']);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isValid()).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('returns false for at least one invalid pattern', () => {
+      const testPathPatterns = new TestPathPatterns(['abc+', '(', 'z.*']);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isValid()).toBe(false);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('isMatch', () => {
+    it('returns true with no patterns', () => {
+      const testPathPatterns = new TestPathPatterns([]);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isMatch('/a/b')).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('returns true for same path', () => {
+      const testPathPatterns = new TestPathPatterns(['/a/b']);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isMatch('/a/b')).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('returns true for same path with case insensitive', () => {
+      const testPathPatternsUpper = new TestPathPatterns(['/A/B']);
+      expect(testPathPatternsUpper.isMatch('/a/b')).toBe(true);
+      expect(testPathPatternsUpper.isMatch('/A/B')).toBe(true);
+
+      const testPathPatternsLower = new TestPathPatterns(['/a/b']);
+      expect(testPathPatternsLower.isMatch('/A/B')).toBe(true);
+      expect(testPathPatternsLower.isMatch('/a/b')).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('returns true for contained path', () => {
+      const testPathPatterns = new TestPathPatterns(['b/c']);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isMatch('/a/b/c/d')).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('returns true for partial file match', () => {
+      const testPathPatterns = new TestPathPatterns(['aaa']);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isMatch('/foo/..aaa..')).toBe(true);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isMatch('/foo/..aaa')).toBe(true);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isMatch('/foo/aaa..')).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('returns true for path suffix', () => {
+      const testPathPatterns = new TestPathPatterns(['c/d']);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isMatch('/a/b/c/d')).toBe(true);
+    });
+
+    it('returns true if regex matches', () => {
+      const testPathPatterns = new TestPathPatterns(['ab*c?']);
+
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isMatch('/foo/a')).toBe(true);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isMatch('/foo/ab')).toBe(true);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isMatch('/foo/abb')).toBe(true);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isMatch('/foo/ac')).toBe(true);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isMatch('/foo/abc')).toBe(true);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isMatch('/foo/abbc')).toBe(true);
+
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isMatch('/foo/bc')).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('returns true if match any paths', () => {
+      const testPathPatterns = new TestPathPatterns(['a/b', 'c/d']);
+
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isMatch('/foo/a/b')).toBe(true);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isMatch('/foo/c/d')).toBe(true);
+
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isMatch('/foo/a')).toBe(false);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isMatch('/foo/b/c')).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('does not normalize Windows paths on POSIX', () => {
+      mockSep.mockReturnValue('/');
+      const testPathPatterns = new TestPathPatterns(['a\\z', 'a\\\\z']);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isMatch('/foo/a/z')).toBe(false);
+    });
+
+    it('normalizes paths for Windows', () => {
+      mockSep.mockReturnValue('\\');
+      const testPathPatterns = new TestPathPatterns(['a/b']);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.isMatch('\\foo\\a\\b')).toBe(true);
+    });
+  });
+
+  describe('toPretty', () => {
+    it('renders a human-readable string', () => {
+      const testPathPatterns = new TestPathPatterns(['a/b', 'c/d']);
+      expect(testPathPatterns.toPretty()).toMatchSnapshot();
+    });
+  });
+});
diff --git a/packages/jest-util/src/__tests__/__snapshots__/TestPathPatterns.test.ts.snap b/packages/jest-util/src/__tests__/__snapshots__/TestPathPatterns.test.ts.snap
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..e845164fb162
--- /dev/null
+++ b/packages/jest-util/src/__tests__/__snapshots__/TestPathPatterns.test.ts.snap
@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+// Jest Snapshot v1, https://goo.gl/fbAQLP
+
+exports[`TestPathPatterns toPretty renders a human-readable string 1`] = `"/a\\/b|c\\/d/i"`;
diff --git a/packages/jest-util/src/index.ts b/packages/jest-util/src/index.ts
index 531acfe4aa3a..850d96c213f1 100644
--- a/packages/jest-util/src/index.ts
+++ b/packages/jest-util/src/index.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@ export {default as deepCyclicCopy} from './deepCyclicCopy';
 export {default as convertDescriptorToString} from './convertDescriptorToString';
 export {specialChars};
 export {default as replacePathSepForGlob} from './replacePathSepForGlob';
+export {default as TestPathPatterns} from './TestPathPatterns';
 export {default as testPathPatternToRegExp} from './testPathPatternToRegExp';
 export {default as globsToMatcher} from './globsToMatcher';
 export {preRunMessage};