Caution
This implementation is not yet audited. If you consider using it in production, be careful !
SPHINCS+: Stateless Hash-based Digital Signature Algorithm
SPHINCS+ is one of those post-quantum digital signature algorithms ( DSA ), which is selected by NIST for standardization. Quoting directly from SPHINCS+ specification
Note
SPHINCS+ is probably the most conservative design of a post-quantum signature scheme, on the other hand, it is rather inefficient in terms of signature size and speed.
SPHINCS+ builds on SPHINCS with various improvements. I suggest you read section 1.1 of the specification.
SPHINCS+ DSA offers following three APIs
keygen: Computes random keypair where secret key is 4n -bytes and public key is 2n -bytes | n = security parameter ( in bytes )
Note
SPHINCS+ secret key holds a copy of public key, which is used when signing messages.
sign: Given M ( > 0 ) -bytes message, SPHINCS+ secret key ( of 4n -bytes ) is used for signing message, by default deterministically. Though one might specifically ask for randomized signing, which will produce random signatures for same message.verify: Given M ( > 0 ) -bytes message and SPHINCS+ signature, it uses SPHINCS+ public key ( of 2n -bytes ) for verifying signature, returning boolean result. Truth value is returned if signature is successfully verified.
Here I'm maintaining SPHINCS+ as a header-only, easy-to-use C++ library, which implements SPHINCS+-SHAKE key generation/ signing/ verification algorithms, for all parameter sets ( encompassing NIST security levels {1, 3, 5} ), as suggested in section 7.2 and table 3 of the specification.
Tip
Find the SPHINCS+ specification @ https://sphincs.org/data/sphincs+-r3.1-specification.pdf, which was followed during this work.
sha3 is the only dependency of this project, which itself is a zero-dependency, header-only C++ library, implementing SHA3 specification of NIST ( i.e. FIPS PUB 202 ). This is done in order to modularize commonly seen symmetric key dependency in post-quantum cryptographic constructions.
Tip
sha3 is pinned to specific commit, using git submodule. See usage below in order to understand how to use SPHINCS+ in your project.
Note
Follow progress of NIST PQC standardization effort here.
- A C++ compiler with C++20 standard library support such as
g++orclang++
$ clang++ --version
Ubuntu clang version 17.0.2 (1~exp1ubuntu2.1)
Target: x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /usr/bin
$ g++ --version
gcc (Ubuntu 13.2.0-4ubuntu3) 13.2.0- Build systems such as
makeandcmake.
$ make --version
GNU Make 4.3
$ cmake --version
cmake version 3.27.4- For testing correctness and compatibility of this SPHINCS+ implementation, you need to globally install
google-testlibrary and headers. Follow guide @ https://github.com/google/googletest/tree/main/googletest#standalone-cmake-project, if you don't have it installed. - For benchmarking, you'll need to have
google-benchmarksystem-wide installed. I found guide @ https://github.com/google/benchmark#installation helpful.
Note
If you are on a machine running GNU/Linux kernel and you want to obtain CPU cycle count for keygen, sign and verify routines, you should consider building google-benchmark library with libPFM support, following https://gist.github.com/itzmeanjan/05dc3e946f635d00c5e0b21aae6203a7, a step-by-step guide. Find more about libPFM @ https://perfmon2.sourceforge.net.
Tip
Git submodule based dependencies will generally be imported automatically, but in case that doesn't work, you can manually initialize and update them by issuing $ git submodule update --init from inside the root of this repository.
For ensuring that SPHINCS+ implementation is functionally correct and compliant with the specification @ https://sphincs.org/data/sphincs+-r3.1-specification.pdf, you may issue
Note
This implementation of SPHINCS+ specification is tested to be compatible and conformant with r3.1 of the specification. That's ensured by generating known answer tests ( KATs ) following https://gist.github.com/itzmeanjan/d483872509b8a1a7c4d6614ec9d43e6c and testing this implementation using those test vectors.
make -jNote: Randomizing tests' orders with a seed of 37872 .
[==========] Running 27 tests from 1 test suite.
[----------] Global test environment set-up.
[----------] 27 tests from SphincsPlus
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.WOTS_PlusNISTSecurityLevel1
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.WOTS_PlusNISTSecurityLevel1 (1 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.WOTS_PlusNISTSecurityLevel5
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.WOTS_PlusNISTSecurityLevel5 (2 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.HyperTreeNISTSecurityLevel5
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.HyperTreeNISTSecurityLevel5 (3870 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus128sRobustKnownAnswerTests
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus128sRobustKnownAnswerTests (224245 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.XMSSNISTSecurityLevel5
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.XMSSNISTSecurityLevel5 (808 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlusNISTSecurityLevel1KeygenSignVerify
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlusNISTSecurityLevel1KeygenSignVerify (7228 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlusNISTSecurityLevel3KeygenSignVerify
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlusNISTSecurityLevel3KeygenSignVerify (12139 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.XMSSNISTSecurityLevel1
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.XMSSNISTSecurityLevel1 (811 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus256fRobustKnownAnswerTests
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus256fRobustKnownAnswerTests (33483 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.XMSSNISTSecurityLevel3
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.XMSSNISTSecurityLevel3 (1192 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus128fSimpleKnownAnswerTests
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus128fSimpleKnownAnswerTests (5626 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus192fRobustKnownAnswerTests
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus192fRobustKnownAnswerTests (17153 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.WOTS_PlusNISTSecurityLevel3
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.WOTS_PlusNISTSecurityLevel3 (2 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlusNISTSecurityLevel5KeygenSignVerify
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlusNISTSecurityLevel5KeygenSignVerify (10644 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus128fRobustKnownAnswerTests
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus128fRobustKnownAnswerTests (10550 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.HyperTreeNISTSecurityLevel3
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.HyperTreeNISTSecurityLevel3 (4928 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus192sSimpleKnownAnswerTests
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus192sSimpleKnownAnswerTests (205202 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.FORSNISTSecurityLevel1
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.FORSNISTSecurityLevel1 (455 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.FORSNISTSecurityLevel3
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.FORSNISTSecurityLevel3 (2194 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus192fSimpleKnownAnswerTests
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus192fSimpleKnownAnswerTests (9045 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.HyperTreeNISTSecurityLevel1
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.HyperTreeNISTSecurityLevel1 (3377 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.FORSNISTSecurityLevel5
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.FORSNISTSecurityLevel5 (2883 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus256sRobustKnownAnswerTests
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus256sRobustKnownAnswerTests (319577 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus256fSimpleKnownAnswerTests
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus256fSimpleKnownAnswerTests (18823 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus192sRobustKnownAnswerTests
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus192sRobustKnownAnswerTests (393502 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus128sSimpleKnownAnswerTests
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus128sSimpleKnownAnswerTests (120112 ms)
[ RUN ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus256sSimpleKnownAnswerTests
[ OK ] SphincsPlus.SphincsPlus256sSimpleKnownAnswerTests (175160 ms)
[----------] 27 tests from SphincsPlus (1583025 ms total)
[----------] Global test environment tear-down
[==========] 27 tests from 1 test suite ran. (1583025 ms total)
[ PASSED ] 27 tests.Benchmarking key generation, signing and verification algorithms for various instantiations of SPHINCS+ digital signature scheme can be done, by issuing
make benchmark -j # If you haven't built google-benchmark library with libPFM support.
make perf -j # If you have built google-benchmark library with libPFM support.Note
Benchmarking expects presence of google-benchmark headers and library in global namespace ( so that it can be found by the compiler ) i.e. header and library path must live on $PATH.
Caution
Ensure you've put all your CPU cores on performance mode before running benchmarks, follow guide @ https://github.com/google/benchmark/blob/main/docs/reducing_variance.md.
Note
make perf - was issued when collecting following benchmarks. Notice, cycles column, denoting cost of executing SPHINCS+ signature scheme routines in terms of CPU cycles. Follow https://github.com/google/benchmark/blob/main/docs/perf_counters.md for more details.
2023-12-15T23:37:51+04:00
Running ./build/perf.out
Run on (16 X 776.057 MHz CPU s)
CPU Caches:
L1 Data 48 KiB (x8)
L1 Instruction 32 KiB (x8)
L2 Unified 1280 KiB (x8)
L3 Unified 18432 KiB (x1)
Load Average: 0.94, 0.44, 0.37
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Benchmark Time CPU Iterations CYCLES average_cpu_cycles items_per_second
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sphincs+-256s-simple/keygen_mean 77.2 ms 77.1 ms 10 325.097M 192.565M 12.9638/s
sphincs+-256s-simple/keygen_median 77.1 ms 77.1 ms 10 325.047M 192.544M 12.9632/s
sphincs+-256s-simple/keygen_stddev 0.935 ms 0.935 ms 10 497.245k 2.33469M 0.155206/s
sphincs+-256s-simple/keygen_cv 1.21 % 1.21 % 10 0.15% 1.21% 1.20%
sphincs+-128s-simple/verify_mean 0.626 ms 0.626 ms 10 2.7067M 1.56295M 1.59831k/s
sphincs+-128s-simple/verify_median 0.631 ms 0.631 ms 10 2.72235M 1.57467M 1.58515k/s
sphincs+-128s-simple/verify_stddev 0.019 ms 0.019 ms 10 72.0783k 47.5101k 49.3682/s
sphincs+-128s-simple/verify_cv 3.04 % 3.04 % 10 2.66% 3.04% 3.09%
sphincs+-128f-robust/sign_mean 73.1 ms 73.1 ms 10 330.226M 182.388M 13.6865/s
sphincs+-128f-robust/sign_median 72.9 ms 72.9 ms 10 330.176M 182.02M 13.7132/s
sphincs+-128f-robust/sign_stddev 0.607 ms 0.607 ms 10 301.838k 1.51537M 0.11372/s
sphincs+-128f-robust/sign_cv 0.83 % 0.83 % 10 0.09% 0.83% 0.83%
sphincs+-192f-simple/verify_mean 2.68 ms 2.68 ms 10 11.8068M 6.67824M 374.181/s
sphincs+-192f-simple/verify_median 2.72 ms 2.72 ms 10 11.8091M 6.77932M 368.232/s
sphincs+-192f-simple/verify_stddev 0.093 ms 0.093 ms 10 173.863k 232.524k 13.4404/s
sphincs+-192f-simple/verify_cv 3.48 % 3.48 % 10 1.47% 3.48% 3.59%
sphincs+-128f-robust/keygen_mean 3.24 ms 3.24 ms 10 14.8233M 8.07466M 309.136/s
sphincs+-128f-robust/keygen_median 3.24 ms 3.24 ms 10 14.8287M 8.09336M 308.406/s
sphincs+-128f-robust/keygen_stddev 0.026 ms 0.026 ms 10 20.9316k 65.6096k 2.52502/s
sphincs+-128f-robust/keygen_cv 0.81 % 0.81 % 10 0.14% 0.81% 0.82%
sphincs+-128f-simple/keygen_mean 1.30 ms 1.30 ms 10 5.50275M 3.24411M 769.529/s
sphincs+-128f-simple/keygen_median 1.30 ms 1.30 ms 10 5.49047M 3.23449M 771.669/s
sphincs+-128f-simple/keygen_stddev 0.019 ms 0.019 ms 10 36.8536k 46.7932k 10.7875/s
sphincs+-128f-simple/keygen_cv 1.44 % 1.44 % 10 0.67% 1.44% 1.40%
sphincs+-256s-robust/keygen_mean 191 ms 191 ms 10 865.156M 476.332M 5.24115/s
sphincs+-256s-robust/keygen_median 191 ms 191 ms 10 864.948M 477.964M 5.22244/s
sphincs+-256s-robust/keygen_stddev 2.67 ms 2.67 ms 10 637.85k 6.6745M 0.0746014/s
sphincs+-256s-robust/keygen_cv 1.40 % 1.40 % 10 0.07% 1.40% 1.42%
sphincs+-256s-simple/verify_mean 1.40 ms 1.40 ms 10 5.96211M 3.48816M 715.881/s
sphincs+-256s-simple/verify_median 1.40 ms 1.40 ms 10 6.00453M 3.50277M 712.601/s
sphincs+-256s-simple/verify_stddev 0.031 ms 0.031 ms 10 113.969k 76.7363k 15.825/s
sphincs+-256s-simple/verify_cv 2.20 % 2.20 % 10 1.91% 2.20% 2.21%
sphincs+-128s-simple/keygen_mean 82.6 ms 82.6 ms 10 345.18M 206.187M 12.1084/s
sphincs+-128s-simple/keygen_median 82.1 ms 82.1 ms 10 345.157M 204.802M 12.1876/s
sphincs+-128s-simple/keygen_stddev 1.28 ms 1.29 ms 10 484.059k 3.20651M 0.185749/s
sphincs+-128s-simple/keygen_cv 1.56 % 1.56 % 10 0.14% 1.56% 1.53%
sphincs+-256f-robust/sign_mean 228 ms 228 ms 10 1.02381G 568.341M 4.39294/s
sphincs+-256f-robust/sign_median 228 ms 228 ms 10 1.02392G 568.598M 4.38994/s
sphincs+-256f-robust/sign_stddev 3.44 ms 3.45 ms 10 703.228k 8.595M 0.0671886/s
sphincs+-256f-robust/sign_cv 1.51 % 1.51 % 10 0.07% 1.51% 1.53%
sphincs+-192s-simple/sign_mean 1675 ms 1674 ms 10 7.77877G 4.17992G 0.597204/s
sphincs+-192s-simple/sign_median 1672 ms 1672 ms 10 7.77924G 4.17411G 0.597996/s
sphincs+-192s-simple/sign_stddev 6.03 ms 6.07 ms 10 7.21721M 15.0383M 2.15792m/s
sphincs+-192s-simple/sign_cv 0.36 % 0.36 % 10 0.09% 0.36% 0.36%
sphincs+-192s-robust/verify_mean 2.25 ms 2.25 ms 10 10.166M 5.60611M 446.056/s
sphincs+-192s-robust/verify_median 2.23 ms 2.23 ms 10 10.1071M 5.56135M 448.931/s
sphincs+-192s-robust/verify_stddev 0.102 ms 0.102 ms 10 396.244k 255.797k 20.1482/s
sphincs+-192s-robust/verify_cv 4.56 % 4.56 % 10 3.90% 4.56% 4.52%
sphincs+-192f-robust/sign_mean 115 ms 115 ms 10 517.851M 286.806M 8.70432/s
sphincs+-192f-robust/sign_median 116 ms 116 ms 10 517.583M 288.501M 8.6516/s
sphincs+-192f-robust/sign_stddev 1.48 ms 1.48 ms 10 1.37224M 3.69829M 0.113188/s
sphincs+-192f-robust/sign_cv 1.29 % 1.29 % 10 0.26% 1.29% 1.30%
sphincs+-192s-simple/keygen_mean 197 ms 197 ms 10 922.857M 492.728M 5.06597/s
sphincs+-192s-simple/keygen_median 198 ms 198 ms 10 922.033M 492.967M 5.06327/s
sphincs+-192s-simple/keygen_stddev 1.04 ms 1.03 ms 10 4.71305M 2.58648M 0.0264893/s
sphincs+-192s-simple/keygen_cv 0.52 % 0.52 % 10 0.51% 0.52% 0.52%
sphincs+-256s-robust/sign_mean 2060 ms 2060 ms 10 9.20784G 5.14097G 0.485637/s
sphincs+-256s-robust/sign_median 2070 ms 2069 ms 10 9.218G 5.1654G 0.48323/s
sphincs+-256s-robust/sign_stddev 32.7 ms 32.8 ms 10 34.0367M 81.737M 7.89699m/s
sphincs+-256s-robust/sign_cv 1.59 % 1.59 % 10 0.37% 1.59% 1.63%
sphincs+-192s-robust/keygen_mean 295 ms 295 ms 10 1.33591G 735.606M 3.39332/s
sphincs+-192s-robust/keygen_median 295 ms 295 ms 10 1.33597G 736.01M 3.39139/s
sphincs+-192s-robust/keygen_stddev 1.78 ms 1.78 ms 10 821.475k 4.44333M 0.0204903/s
sphincs+-192s-robust/keygen_cv 0.60 % 0.60 % 10 0.06% 0.60% 0.60%
sphincs+-256f-simple/sign_mean 100 ms 100 ms 10 427.418M 250.213M 9.976/s
sphincs+-256f-simple/sign_median 100 ms 100 ms 10 427.441M 250.075M 9.98109/s
sphincs+-256f-simple/sign_stddev 0.597 ms 0.597 ms 10 322.262k 1.489M 0.0593863/s
sphincs+-256f-simple/sign_cv 0.60 % 0.60 % 10 0.08% 0.60% 0.60%
sphincs+-192f-simple/keygen_mean 3.21 ms 3.21 ms 10 14.9715M 8.00032M 312.012/s
sphincs+-192f-simple/keygen_median 3.20 ms 3.20 ms 10 14.9766M 7.99006M 312.401/s
sphincs+-192f-simple/keygen_stddev 0.012 ms 0.012 ms 10 18.7065k 28.9131k 1.12111/s
sphincs+-192f-simple/keygen_cv 0.36 % 0.36 % 10 0.12% 0.36% 0.36%
sphincs+-192f-robust/verify_mean 6.77 ms 6.77 ms 10 30.9192M 16.9065M 147.737/s
sphincs+-192f-robust/verify_median 6.80 ms 6.80 ms 10 30.9508M 16.9632M 147.145/s
sphincs+-192f-robust/verify_stddev 0.181 ms 0.181 ms 10 525.135k 452.948k 3.99245/s
sphincs+-192f-robust/verify_cv 2.68 % 2.67 % 10 1.70% 2.68% 2.70%
sphincs+-256s-robust/verify_mean 2.48 ms 2.48 ms 10 10.6024M 6.20215M 402.638/s
sphincs+-256s-robust/verify_median 2.47 ms 2.47 ms 10 10.5666M 6.16713M 404.745/s
sphincs+-256s-robust/verify_stddev 0.056 ms 0.056 ms 10 212.152k 139.028k 9.06179/s
sphincs+-256s-robust/verify_cv 2.24 % 2.24 % 10 2.00% 2.24% 2.25%
sphincs+-128s-robust/verify_mean 1.56 ms 1.56 ms 10 6.89491M 3.90496M 640.359/s
sphincs+-128s-robust/verify_median 1.56 ms 1.56 ms 10 7.02661M 3.89543M 640.777/s
sphincs+-128s-robust/verify_stddev 0.071 ms 0.071 ms 10 507.983k 176.721k 28.6735/s
sphincs+-128s-robust/verify_cv 4.53 % 4.52 % 10 7.37% 4.53% 4.48%
sphincs+-256s-simple/sign_mean 954 ms 954 ms 10 4.10812G 2.38152G 1.04813/s
sphincs+-256s-simple/sign_median 956 ms 956 ms 10 4.10851G 2.38524G 1.04646/s
sphincs+-256s-simple/sign_stddev 5.87 ms 5.87 ms 10 1.91032M 14.6545M 6.45369m/s
sphincs+-256s-simple/sign_cv 0.62 % 0.61 % 10 0.05% 0.62% 0.62%
sphincs+-128s-simple/sign_mean 626 ms 626 ms 10 2.66102G 1.56202G 1.59848/s
sphincs+-128s-simple/sign_median 630 ms 630 ms 10 2.66122G 1.57158G 1.58837/s
sphincs+-128s-simple/sign_stddev 11.3 ms 11.3 ms 10 1.4855M 28.2657M 0.0299788/s
sphincs+-128s-simple/sign_cv 1.81 % 1.81 % 10 0.06% 1.81% 1.88%
sphincs+-192s-robust/sign_mean 2494 ms 2494 ms 10 11.224G 6.22525G 0.401032/s
sphincs+-192s-robust/sign_median 2502 ms 2502 ms 10 11.2262G 6.24445G 0.399729/s
sphincs+-192s-robust/sign_stddev 32.7 ms 32.7 ms 10 11.5845M 81.6326M 5.3383m/s
sphincs+-192s-robust/sign_cv 1.31 % 1.31 % 10 0.10% 1.31% 1.33%
sphincs+-128f-simple/verify_mean 1.74 ms 1.74 ms 10 7.48649M 4.35038M 574.804/s
sphincs+-128f-simple/verify_median 1.76 ms 1.76 ms 10 7.46494M 4.38506M 569.283/s
sphincs+-128f-simple/verify_stddev 0.075 ms 0.075 ms 10 152.683k 187.612k 27.0374/s
sphincs+-128f-simple/verify_cv 4.31 % 4.31 % 10 2.04% 4.31% 4.70%
sphincs+-256f-simple/keygen_mean 4.80 ms 4.79 ms 10 20.2173M 11.9683M 208.585/s
sphincs+-256f-simple/keygen_median 4.79 ms 4.79 ms 10 20.2228M 11.9552M 208.782/s
sphincs+-256f-simple/keygen_stddev 0.052 ms 0.051 ms 10 19.8834k 128.838k 2.22116/s
sphincs+-256f-simple/keygen_cv 1.08 % 1.07 % 10 0.10% 1.08% 1.06%
sphincs+-256f-robust/verify_mean 4.89 ms 4.89 ms 10 21.0392M 12.2093M 204.603/s
sphincs+-256f-robust/verify_median 4.95 ms 4.95 ms 10 21.0668M 12.3521M 202.069/s
sphincs+-256f-robust/verify_stddev 0.143 ms 0.143 ms 10 244.985k 355.804k 6.32955/s
sphincs+-256f-robust/verify_cv 2.91 % 2.91 % 10 1.16% 2.91% 3.09%
sphincs+-256f-simple/verify_mean 2.72 ms 2.72 ms 10 11.5954M 6.79866M 367.159/s
sphincs+-256f-simple/verify_median 2.73 ms 2.73 ms 10 11.6213M 6.81769M 366.103/s
sphincs+-256f-simple/verify_stddev 0.025 ms 0.025 ms 10 112.871k 61.9683k 3.35175/s
sphincs+-256f-simple/verify_cv 0.91 % 0.91 % 10 0.97% 0.91% 0.91%
sphincs+-256f-robust/keygen_mean 11.9 ms 11.9 ms 10 53.9696M 29.7926M 83.8004/s
sphincs+-256f-robust/keygen_median 12.0 ms 12.0 ms 10 53.9718M 29.9818M 83.2543/s
sphincs+-256f-robust/keygen_stddev 0.186 ms 0.186 ms 10 46.921k 464.738k 1.33374/s
sphincs+-256f-robust/keygen_cv 1.56 % 1.56 % 10 0.09% 1.56% 1.59%
sphincs+-192f-simple/sign_mean 77.0 ms 77.0 ms 10 358.624M 192.236M 12.985/s
sphincs+-192f-simple/sign_median 76.8 ms 76.8 ms 10 358.513M 191.653M 13.0237/s
sphincs+-192f-simple/sign_stddev 0.545 ms 0.543 ms 10 411.248k 1.35964M 0.0907242/s
sphincs+-192f-simple/sign_cv 0.71 % 0.70 % 10 0.11% 0.71% 0.70%
sphincs+-128s-robust/sign_mean 1496 ms 1496 ms 10 6.74821G 3.7335G 0.6687/s
sphincs+-128s-robust/sign_median 1504 ms 1504 ms 10 6.74836G 3.75369G 0.664964/s
sphincs+-128s-robust/sign_stddev 22.5 ms 22.5 ms 10 1.92847M 56.2343M 0.0102946/s
sphincs+-128s-robust/sign_cv 1.51 % 1.51 % 10 0.03% 1.51% 1.54%
sphincs+-128s-robust/keygen_mean 205 ms 205 ms 10 939.036M 512.871M 4.86786/s
sphincs+-128s-robust/keygen_median 206 ms 206 ms 10 939.063M 513.794M 4.85815/s
sphincs+-128s-robust/keygen_stddev 3.14 ms 3.14 ms 10 314.292k 7.83538M 0.0748315/s
sphincs+-128s-robust/keygen_cv 1.53 % 1.53 % 10 0.03% 1.53% 1.54%
sphincs+-128f-simple/sign_mean 31.8 ms 31.8 ms 10 135.586M 79.4422M 31.4217/s
sphincs+-128f-simple/sign_median 31.8 ms 31.8 ms 10 135.615M 79.4222M 31.4277/s
sphincs+-128f-simple/sign_stddev 0.278 ms 0.278 ms 10 151.771k 693.153k 0.27288/s
sphincs+-128f-simple/sign_cv 0.87 % 0.87 % 10 0.11% 0.87% 0.87%
sphincs+-128f-robust/verify_mean 4.68 ms 4.68 ms 10 21.1042M 11.6771M 213.913/s
sphincs+-128f-robust/verify_median 4.71 ms 4.71 ms 10 21.2253M 11.75M 212.429/s
sphincs+-128f-robust/verify_stddev 0.134 ms 0.134 ms 10 611.084k 334.178k 6.22443/s
sphincs+-128f-robust/verify_cv 2.86 % 2.86 % 10 2.90% 2.86% 2.91%
sphincs+-192f-robust/keygen_mean 4.61 ms 4.61 ms 10 20.8905M 11.5092M 216.909/s
sphincs+-192f-robust/keygen_median 4.62 ms 4.62 ms 10 20.8673M 11.5224M 216.624/s
sphincs+-192f-robust/keygen_stddev 0.063 ms 0.063 ms 10 82.3737k 156.042k 2.96723/s
sphincs+-192f-robust/keygen_cv 1.36 % 1.36 % 10 0.39% 1.36% 1.37%
sphincs+-192s-simple/verify_mean 1.52 ms 1.52 ms 10 7.12763M 3.80586M 656.126/s
sphincs+-192s-simple/verify_median 1.52 ms 1.52 ms 10 7.08299M 3.79647M 657.503/s
sphincs+-192s-simple/verify_stddev 0.034 ms 0.034 ms 10 157.587k 85.6393k 14.6247/s
sphincs+-192s-simple/verify_cv 2.25 % 2.25 % 10 2.21% 2.25% 2.23%sphincs+ is a zero-dependency, header-only C++ library which is pretty easy to use. To get started
- Clone SPHINCS+ repository
cd
# Multi-step cloning and importing of submodules
git clone https://github.com/itzmeanjan/sphincs-plus.git && pushd sphincs-plus && git submodule update --init && popd
# Or do single step cloning and importing of submodules
git clone https://github.com/itzmeanjan/sphincs-plus.git --recurse-submodules- Write a program which makes use of SPHINCS+-{128,192,256}{s,f}-{robust,simple} key generation, signing and verification API ( all of these routines and constants, representing how many bytes to allocate for holding public key, secret key and signature, live under
sphincs_plus_{128,192,256}{s,f}_{robust,simple}::namespace ), while importing correct header file. - Finally compile your program, while letting your compiler know where it can find SPHINCS+ and Sha3 headers.
# Assuming `sphincs-plus` was cloned just under $HOME
SPHINCS_PLUS_HEADERS=~/sphincs-plus/include
SHA3_HEADERS=~/sphincs-plus/sha3/include
g++ -std=c++20 -Wall -Wextra -pedantic -O3 -march=native -I $SPHINCS_PLUS_HEADERS -I $SHA3_HEADERS main.cppTip
For recommended parameter sets, find table 3 of SPHINCS+ specification.
See the example program, demonstrating keygen/ sign/ verify API usage.
pushd examples; g++ -std=c++20 -Wall -Wextra -pedantic -O3 -march=native -I ../include -I ../sha3/include sphincs+_shake_128s_robust.cpp && ./a.out; popd
SPHINCS+-SHAKE-128s-robust @ NIST Security Level 1
Secret Key : 49a5ca3d5f151f2c9c0f197d324724c9c2313bdb69720a1bc615434b4874ba41949e000ab275dd6da569ff32757c021586eb2036e1ba14483e809ffa0c5505f5
Public Key : 949e000ab275dd6da569ff32757c021586eb2036e1ba14483e809ffa0c5505f5
Message : 80bce832fab336eefdceef28ab89838667d164d255298fe888344760199a8c3c
Signature : 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Verified : true