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New Crowdin updates #45

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ec3e2c9
New translations introduction.mdx (Spanish)
benface Jan 28, 2022
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New translations introduction.mdx (Spanish)
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benface committed Jan 28, 2022
commit ec3e2c9073ad2d5b1b864bdb9921e2896c68a125
48 changes: 24 additions & 24 deletions pages/es/about/introduction.mdx
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---
title: Introducción
title: Introduction
---

En esta página se explica qué es The Graph y cómo puedes empezar a utilizarlo.
This page will explain what The Graph is and how you can get started.

## ¿Qué es The Graph?
## What The Graph Is

The Graph es un protocolo descentralizado que permite indexar y consultar los datos de diferentes blockchains, el cual empezó por Ethereum. Permite consultar datos los cuales pueden ser difíciles de consultar directamente.
The Graph is a decentralized protocol for indexing and querying data from blockchains, starting with Ethereum. It makes it possible to query data that is difficult to query directly.

Los proyectos con contratos inteligentes complejos como [Uniswap](https://uniswap.org/) y las iniciativas de NFTs como [Bored Ape Yacht Club](https://boredapeyachtclub.com/) almacenan los datos en la blockchain de Ethereum, lo que hace realmente difícil leer algo más que los datos básicos directamente desde la blockchain.
Projects with complex smart contracts like [Uniswap](https://uniswap.org/) and NFTs initiatives like [Bored Ape Yacht Club](https://boredapeyachtclub.com/) store data on the Ethereum blockchain, making it really difficult to read anything other than basic data directly from the blockchain.

En el caso de Bored Ape Yacht Club, podemos realizar operaciones de lecturas básicas en [su contrato](https://etherscan.io/address/0xbc4ca0eda7647a8ab7c2061c2e118a18a936f13d#code), para obtener el propietario de un determinado Ape, obtener el URI de un Ape en base a su ID, o el supply total, ya que estas operaciones de lectura están programadas directamente en el contrato inteligente, pero no son posibles las consultas y operaciones más avanzadas del mundo real como la adición, consultas, las relaciones y el filtrado no trivial. Por ejemplo, si quisiéramos consultar los Apes que son propiedad de una dirección en concreto, y filtrar por una de sus características, no podríamos obtener esa información interactuando directamente con el contrato.
In the case of Bored Ape Yacht Club, we can perform basic read operations on [the contract](https://etherscan.io/address/0xbc4ca0eda7647a8ab7c2061c2e118a18a936f13d#code) like getting the owner of a certain Ape, getting the content URI of an Ape based on their ID, or the total supply, as these read operations are programmed directly into the smart contract, but more advanced real-world queries and operations like aggregation, search, relationships, and non-trivial filtering are not possible. For example, if we wanted to query for apes that are owned by a certain address, and filter by one of its characteristics, we would not be able to get that information by interacting directly with the contract itself.

Para obtener estos datos, tendríamos que procesar cada uno de los eventos de [`transferencia`](https://etherscan.io/address/0xbc4ca0eda7647a8ab7c2061c2e118a18a936f13d#code#L1746) que se hayan emitido, leer los metadatos de IPFS utilizando el ID del token y el hash del IPFS, con el fin de luego agregarlos. Incluso para este tipo de preguntas relativamente sencillas, una aplicación descentralizada (dapp) que se ejecutara en un navegador tardaría **horas o incluso días** en obtener una respuesta.
To get this data, you would have to process every single [`transfer`](https://etherscan.io/address/0xbc4ca0eda7647a8ab7c2061c2e118a18a936f13d#code#L1746) event ever emitted, read the metadata from IPFS using the Token ID and IPFS hash, and then aggregate it. Even for these types of relatively simple questions, it would take **hours or even days** for a decentralized application (dapp) running in a browser to get an answer.

También podrías construir tu propio servidor, procesar las transacciones allí, guardarlas en una base de datos y construir un endpoint de la API sobre todo ello para consultar los datos. Sin embargo, esta opción requiere recursos intensivos, necesita mantenimiento, y si llegase a presentar algún tipo de fallo podría incluso vulnerar algunos protocolos de seguridad que son necesarios para la descentralización.
You could also build out your own server, process the transactions there, save them to a database, and build an API endpoint on top of it all in order to query the data. However, this option is resource intensive, needs maintenance, presents a single point of failure, and breaks important security properties required for decentralization.

**Indexar los datos de la blockchain es muy, muy difícil.**
**Indexing blockchain data is really, really hard.**

Las propiedades de la blockchain, su finalidad, la reorganización de la cadena o los bloques que están por cerrarse, complican aún más este proceso y hacen que no solo se consuma tiempo, sino que sea conceptualmente difícil recuperar los resultados correctos proporcionados por la blockchain.
Blockchain properties like finality, chain reorganizations, or uncled blocks complicate this process further, and make it not just time consuming but conceptually hard to retrieve correct query results from blockchain data.

The Graph resuelve esto con un protocolo descentralizado que indexa y permite una consulta eficiente y de alto rendimiento para recibir los datos de la blockchain. Estas APIs ("subgrafos" indexados) pueden consultarse después con una API de GraphQL estándar. Actualmente, existe un servicio alojado (hosted) y un protocolo descentralizado con las mismas capacidades. Ambos están respaldados por la implementación de código abierto de [Graph Node](https://github.com/graphprotocol/graph-node).
The Graph solves this with a decentralized protocol that indexes and enables the performant and efficient querying of blockchain data. These APIs (indexed "subgraphs") can then be queried with a standard GraphQL API. Today, there is a hosted service as well as a decentralized protocol with the same capabilities. Both are backed by the open source implementation of [Graph Node](https://github.com/graphprotocol/graph-node).

## ¿Cómo funciona The Graph?
## How The Graph Works

The Graph aprende, qué y cómo indexar los datos de Ethereum, basándose en las descripciones de los subgrafos, conocidas como el manifiesto de los subgrafos. La descripción del subgrafo define los contratos inteligentes de interés para este subgrafo, los eventos en esos contratos a los que prestar atención, y cómo mapear los datos de los eventos a los datos que The Graph almacenará en su base de datos.
The Graph learns what and how to index Ethereum data based on subgraph descriptions, known as the subgraph manifest. The subgraph description defines the smart contracts of interest for a subgraph, the events in those contracts to pay attention to, and how to map event data to data that The Graph will store in its database.

Una vez que has escrito el `subgraph manifest`, utilizas el CLI de The Graph para almacenar la definición en IPFS y decirle al indexador que empiece a indexar los datos de ese subgrafo.
Once you have written a `subgraph manifest`, you use the Graph CLI to store the definition in IPFS and tell the indexer to start indexing data for that subgraph.

Este diagrama ofrece más detalles sobre el flujo de datos una vez que se ha desplegado en el manifiesto para un subgrafo, que trata de las transacciones en Ethereum:
This diagram gives more detail about the flow of data once a subgraph manifest has been deployed, dealing with Ethereum transactions:

![](/img/graph-dataflow.png)

El flujo sigue estos pasos:
The flow follows these steps:

1. Una aplicación descentralizada añade datos a Ethereum a través de una transacción en un contrato inteligente.
2. El contrato inteligente emite uno o más eventos mientras procesa la transacción.
3. Graph Node escanea continuamente la red de Ethereum en busca de nuevos bloques y los datos de su subgrafo que puedan contener.
4. Graph Node encuentra los eventos de la red Ethereum, a fin de proveerlos en tu subgrafo mediante estos bloques y ejecuta los mapping handlers que proporcionaste. El mapeo (mapping) es un módulo WASM que crea o actualiza las entidades de datos que Graph Node almacena en respuesta a los eventos de Ethereum.
5. La aplicación descentralizada consulta a través de Graph Node los datos indexados de la blockchain, utilizando el [GraphQL endpoint](https://graphql.org/learn/) del nodo. El Nodo de The Graph, a su vez, traduce las consultas GraphQL en consultas para su almacenamiento de datos subyacentes con el fin de obtener estos datos, haciendo uso de las capacidades de indexación que ofrece el almacenamiento. La aplicación descentralizada muestra estos datos en una interfaz muy completa para el usuario, a fin de que los cliente que usan este subgrafo puedan emitir nuevas transacciones en Ethereum. Y así... el ciclo se repite continuamente.
1. A decentralized application adds data to Ethereum through a transaction on a smart contract.
2. The smart contract emits one or more events while processing the transaction.
3. Graph Node continually scans Ethereum for new blocks and the data for your subgraph they may contain.
4. Graph Node finds Ethereum events for your subgraph in these blocks and runs the mapping handlers you provided. The mapping is a WASM module that creates or updates the data entities that Graph Node stores in response to Ethereum events.
5. The decentralized application queries the Graph Node for data indexed from the blockchain, using the node's [GraphQL endpoint](https://graphql.org/learn/). The Graph Node in turn translates the GraphQL queries into queries for its underlying data store in order to fetch this data, making use of the store's indexing capabilities. The decentralized application displays this data in a rich UI for end-users, which they use to issue new transactions on Ethereum. The cycle repeats.

## Próximos puntos
## Next Steps

En las siguientes secciones entraremos en más detalles sobre cómo definir subgrafos, cómo desplegarlos y cómo consultar los datos de los índices que construye el Graph Node.
In the following sections we will go into more detail on how to define subgraphs, how to deploy them, and how to query data from the indexes that Graph Node builds.

Antes de que empieces a escribir tu propio subgrafo, es posible que debas echar un vistazo a The Graph Explorer para explorar algunos de los subgrafos que ya han sido desplegados. La página de cada subgrafo contiene un playground que te permite consultar los datos de ese subgrafo usando GraphQL.
Before you start writing your own subgraph, you might want to have a look at the Graph Explorer and explore some of the subgraphs that have already been deployed. The page for each subgraph contains a playground that lets you query that subgraph's data with GraphQL.