CHANGES.txt

2020-04-28 version 3.12.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)

  Protocol Compiler
  * [experimental] Singular, non-message typed fields in proto3 now support
    presence tracking. This is enabled by adding the "optional" field label and
    passing the --experimental_allow_proto3_optional flag to protoc.
    * For usage info, see docs/field_presence.md.
    * During this experimental phase, code generators should update to support
      proto3 presence, see docs/implementing_proto3_presence.md for instructions.
  * Allow duplicate symbol names when multiple descriptor sets are passed on
    the command-line, to match the behavior when multiple .proto files are passed.
  * Deterministic `protoc --descriptor_set_out` (#7175)

  C++
  * [experimental] Added proto3 presence support.
  * New descriptor APIs to support proto3 presence.
  * Enable Arenas by default on all .proto files.
  * Documented that users are not allowed to subclass Message or MessageLite.
  * Mark generated classes as final; inheriting from protos is strongly discouraged.
  * Add stack overflow protection for text format with unknown fields.
  * Add accessors for map key and value FieldDescriptors.
  * Add FieldMaskUtil::FromFieldNumbers().
  * MessageDifferencer: use ParsePartial() on Any fields so the diff does not
    fail when there are missing required fields.
  * ReflectionOps::Merge(): lookup messages in the right factory, if it can.
  * Added Descriptor::WellKnownTypes enum and Descriptor::well_known_type()
    accessor as an easier way of determining if a message is a Well-Known Type.
  * Optimized RepeatedField::Add() when it is used in a loop.
  * Made proto move/swap more efficient.
  * De-virtualize the GetArena() method in MessageLite.
  * Improves performance of json_stream_parser.cc by factor 1000 (#7230)
  * bug: #7076 undefine Windows OUT and OPTIONAL macros (#7087)
  * Fixed a bug in FieldDescriptor::DebugString() that would erroneously print
    an "optional" label for a field in a oneof.
  * Fix bug in parsing bool extensions that assumed they are always 1 byte.
  * Fix off-by-one error in FieldOptions::ByteSize() when extensions are present.
  * Clarified the comments to show an example of the difference between
    Descriptor::extension and DescriptorPool::FindAllExtensions.
  * Add a compiler option 'code_size' to force optimize_for=code_size on all
    protos where this is possible.

  Java
  * [experimental] Added proto3 presence support.
  * Mark java enum _VALUE constants as @Deprecated if the enum field is deprecated
  * reduce <clinit> size for enums with allow_alias set to true.
  * Sort map fields alphabetically by the field's key when printing textproto.
  * TextFormat.merge() handles Any as top level type.
  * Throw a descriptive IllegalArgumentException when calling
    getValueDescriptor() on enum special value UNRECOGNIZED instead of
    ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.
  * Fixed an issue with JsonFormat.printer() where setting printingEnumsAsInts()
    would override the configuration passed into includingDefaultValueFields().
  * Implement overrides of indexOf() and contains() on primitive lists returned
    for repeated fields to avoid autoboxing the list contents.
  * Add overload to FieldMaskUtil.fromStringList that accepts a descriptor.
  * [bazel] Move Java runtime/toolchains into //java (#7190)

  Python
  * [experimental] Added proto3 presence support.
  * [experimental] fast import protobuf module, only works with cpp generated code linked in.
  * Truncate 'float' fields to 4 bytes of precision in setters for pure-Python
    implementation (C++ extension was already doing this).
  * Fixed a memory leak in C++ bindings.
  * Added a deprecation warning when code tries to create Descriptor objects
    directly.
  * Fix unintended comparison between bytes and string in descriptor.py.
  * Avoid printing excess digits for float fields in TextFormat.
  * Remove Python 2.5 syntax compatibility from the proto compiler generated _pb2.py module code.
  * Drop 3.3, 3.4 and use single version docker images for all python tests (#7396)

  JavaScript
  * Fix js message pivot selection (#6813)

  PHP
  * Persistent Descriptor Pool (#6899)
  * Implement lazy loading of php class for proto messages (#6911)
  * Correct @return in Any.unpack docblock (#7089)

  Ruby
  * [experimental] Implemented proto3 presence for Ruby. (#7406)
  * Fix for wrappers with a zero value (#7195)
  * Fix for JSON serialization of 0/empty-valued wrapper types (#7198)
  * Call "Class#new" over rb_class_new_instance in decoding (#7352)
  * Build extensions for Ruby 2.7 (#7027)
  * assigning 'nil' to submessage should clear the field. (#7397)

  C#
  * [experimental] Add support for proto3 presence fields in C# (#7382)
  * Cleanup various bits of Google.Protobuf (#6674)
  * Fix conformance test failures for Google.Protobuf (#6910)
  * Fix latest ArgumentException for C# extensions (#6938)
  * Remove unnecessary branch from ReadTag (#7289)
  * Enforce recursion depth checking for unknown fields (#7132)

  Objective-C
  * [experimental] ObjC Proto3 optional support (#7421)
  * Block subclassing of generated classes (#7124)
  * Use references to Obj C classes instead of names in descriptors. (#7026)
  * Revisit how the WKTs are bundled with ObjC. (#7173)

  Other
  * Add a proto_lang_toolchain for javalite (#6882)
  * [bazel] Update gtest and deprecate //external:{gtest,gtest_main} (#7237)
  * Add application note for explicit presence tracking. (#7390)
  * Howto doc for implementing proto3 presence in a code generator. (#7407)


2020-02-14 version 3.11.4 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)
  
  C#
  * Fix latest ArgumentException for C# extensions (#7188)
  * Enforce recursion depth checking for unknown fields (#7210)
  
  Ruby
  * Fix wrappers with a zero value (#7195)
  * Fix JSON serialization of 0/empty-valued wrapper types (#7198)

2020-01-31 version 3.11.3 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)

  C++
  * Add OUT and OPTIONAL to windows portability files (#7087)

  PHP
  * Refactored ulong to zend_ulong for php7.4 compatibility (#7147)
  * Call register_class before getClass from desc to fix segfault (#7077)
  

2019-12-10 version 3.11.2 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)

  PHP
  * Make c extension portable for php 7.4 (#6968)
  

2019-12-02 version 3.11.1 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)

  PHP
  * Extern declare protobuf_globals (#6946)


2019-11-19 version 3.11.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)

  C++
  * Make serialization method naming consistent
  * Make proto runtime + generated code free of deprecation warnings
  * Moved ShutdownProtobufLibrary() to message_lite.h.  For backward compatibility a declaration is still available in stubs/common.h, but users should prefer message_lite.h
  * Removed non-namespace macro EXPECT_OK()
  * Removed mathlimits.h from stubs in favor of using std::numeric_limits from C++11
  * Fixed bug in parser when ending on a group tag
  * Add a helper function to UnknownFieldSet to deal with the changing return value of message::unknown_fields()
  * Fix incorrect use of string_view iterators
  * Support direct pickling of nested messages
  * Skip extension tag validation for MessageSet if unknown dependencies are allowed
  * Updated deprecation macros to annotate deprecated code (#6612)
  * Remove conversion warning in MapEntryFuncs::ByteSizeLong (#6766)
  * Revert "Make shared libraries be able to link to MSVC static runtime libraries, so that VC runtime is not required." (#6914)

  Java
  * Remove the usage of MethodHandle, so that Android users prior to API version 26 can use protobuf-java
  * Publish ProGuard config for javalite
  * Fix for StrictMode disk read violation in ExtensionRegistryLite
  * Include part of the ByteString's content in its toString().
  * Include unknown fields when merging proto3 messages in Java lite builders

  Python
  * Add float_precision option in json format printer
  * Optionally print bytes fields as messages in unknown fields, if possible
  * FieldPath: fix testing IsSet on root path ''
  * Experimental code gen (fast import protobuf module) which only work with cpp generated code linked in

  JavaScript
  * Remove guard for Symbol iterator for jspb.Map

  PHP
  * Avoid too much overhead in layout_init (#6716)
  * Lazily Create Singular Wrapper Message (#6833)
  * Implement lazy loading of php class for proto messages (#6911)

  Ruby
  * Ruby lazy wrappers optimization (#6797)

  C#
  * (RepeatedField): Capacity property to resize the internal array (#6530)
  * Experimental proto2 support is now officially available (#4642, #5183, #5350, #5936)
  * Getting started doc: https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/blob/master/docs/csharp/proto2.md
  * Add length checks to ExtensionCollection (#6759)
  * Optimize parsing of some primitive and wrapper types (#6843)
  * Use 3 parameter Encoding.GetString for default string values (#6828)
  * Change _Extensions property to normal body rather than expression (#6856)

  Objective C
  * Fixed unaligned reads for 32bit arm with newer Xcode versions (#6678)


2019-09-03 version 3.10.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)

  C++
  * Switch the proto parser to the faster MOMI parser.
  * Properly escape Struct keys in the proto3 JSON serializer.
  * Fix crash on uninitialized map entries.
  * Informed the compiler of has-bit invariant to produce better code
  * Unused imports of files defining descriptor extensions will now be reported
  * Add proto2::util::RemoveSubranges to remove multiple subranges in linear time.
  * Added BaseTextGenerator::GetCurrentIndentationSize()
  * Made implicit weak fields compatible with the Apple linker
  * Support 32 bit values for ProtoStreamObjectWriter to Struct.
  * Removed the internal-only header coded_stream_inl.h and the internal-only methods defined there.
  * Enforced no SWIG wrapping of descriptor_database.h (other headers already had this restriction).
  * Implementation of the equivalent of the MOMI parser for serialization. This removes one of the two serialization routines, by making the fast array serialization routine completely general. SerializeToCodedStream can now be implemented in terms of the much much faster array serialization. The array serialization regresses slightly, but when array serialization is not possible this wins big. 
  * Do not convert unknown field name to snake case to accurately report error.
  * Fix a UBSAN warnings. (#6333)
  * Add podspec for C++ (#6404)
  * protoc: fix source code info location for missing label (#6436)
  * C++ Add move constructor for Reflection's SetString (#6477)

  Java
  * Call loadDescriptor outside of synchronized block to remove one possible source of deadlock.
  * Have oneof enums implement a separate interface (other than EnumLite) for clarity.
  * Opensource Android Memory Accessors
  * Update TextFormat to make use of the new TypeRegistry.
  * Support getFieldBuilder and getRepeatedFieldBuilder in ExtendableBuilder
  * Update JsonFormat to make use of the new TypeRegistry.
  * Add proguard config generator for GmmBenchmarkSuiteLite.
  * Change ProtobufArrayList to use Object[] instead of ArrayList for 5-10% faster parsing
  * Implement ProtobufArrayList.add(E) for 20% (5%-40%) faster overall protolite2 parsing
  * Make a copy of JsonFormat.TypeRegistry at the protobuf top level package. This will eventually replace JsonFormat.TypeRegistry.
  * Fix javadoc warnings in generated files (#6231)
  * Java: Add Automatic-Module-Name entries to the Manifest (#6568)

  Python
  * Add descriptor methods in descriptor_pool are deprecated.
  * Uses explicit imports to prevent multithread test failures in py3.
  * Added __delitem__ for Python extension dict
  * Update six version to 1.12.0 and fix legacy_create_init issue (#6391)

  JavaScript
  * Remove deprecated boolean option to getResultBase64String().
  * Fix sint64 zig-zag encoding.
  * Simplify hash64 string conversion to avoid DIGIT array. Should reduce overhead if these functions aren't used, and be more efficient by avoiding linear array searches.
  * Change the parameter types of binaryReaderFn in ExtensionFieldBinaryInfo to (number, ?, ?).
  * Create dates.ts and time_of_days.ts to mirror Java versions. This is a near-identical conversion of c.g.type.util.{Dates,TimeOfDays} respectively.
  * Migrate moneys to TypeScript.
  
  PHP
  * Fix incorrect leap day for Timestamp (#6696)
  * Initialize well known type values (#6713)

  Ruby
  * Fix scope resolution for Google namespace (#5878)
  * Support hashes for struct initializers (#5716)
  * Optimized away the creation of empty string objects. (#6502)
  * Roll forward Ruby upb changes now that protobuf Ruby build is fixed (#5866)
  * Optimized layout_mark() for Ruby (#6521)
  * Optimization for layout_init() (#6547)
  * Fix for GC of Ruby map frames. (#6533)
  * Fixed leap year handling by reworking upb_mktime() -> upb_timegm(). (#6695)
  
  Objective C
  * Remove OSReadLittle* due to alignment requirements (#6678)
  * Don't use unions and instead use memcpy for the type swaps. (#6672)

  Other
  * Override CocoaPods module to lowercase (#6464)


2019-06-28 version 3.9.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)

  C++
  * Optimize and simplify implementation of RepeatedPtrFieldBase
  * Don't create unnecessary unknown field sets.
  * Remove branch from accessors to repeated field element array.
  * Added delimited parse and serialize util.
  * Reduce size by not emitting constants for fieldnumbers
  * Fix a bug when comparing finite and infinite field values with explicit tolerances.
  * TextFormat::Parser should use a custom Finder to look up extensions by number if one is provided.
  * Add MessageLite::Utf8DebugString() to make MessageLite more compatible with Message.
  * Fail fast for better performance in DescriptorPool::FindExtensionByNumber() if descriptor has no defined extensions.
  * Adding the file name to help debug colliding extensions
  * Added FieldDescriptor::PrintableNameForExtension() and DescriptorPool::FindExtensionByPrintableName().
    The latter will replace Reflection::FindKnownExtensionByName().
  * Replace NULL with nullptr
  * Created a new Add method in repeated field that allows adding a range of elements all at once.
  * Enabled enum name-to-value mapping functions for C++ lite
  * Avoid dynamic initialization in descriptor.proto generated code
  * Move stream functions to MessageLite from Message.
  * Move all zero_copy_stream functionality to io_lite.
  * Do not create array of matched fields for simple repeated fields
  * Enabling silent mode by default to reduce make compilation noise. (#6237)

  Java
  * Expose TextFormat.Printer and make it configurable. Deprecate the static methods.
  * Library for constructing google.protobuf.Struct and google.protobuf.Value
  * Make OneofDescriptor extend GenericDescriptor.
  * Expose streamingness of service methods from MethodDescriptor.
  * Fix a bug where TextFormat fails to parse Any filed with > 1 embedded message sub-fields.
  * Establish consistent JsonFormat behavior for nulls in oneofs, regardless of order.
  * Update GSON version to 3.8.5. (#6268)
  * Add `protobuf_java_lite` Bazel target. (#6177)

  Python
  * Change implementation of Name() for enums that allow aliases in proto2 in Python
    to be in line with claims in C++ implementation (to return first value).
  * Explicitly say what field cannot be set when the new value fails a type check.
  * Duplicate register in descriptor pool will raise errors
  * Add __slots__ to all well_known_types classes, custom attributes are not allowed anymore.
  * text_format only present 8 valid digits for float fields by default

  JavaScript
  * Add Oneof enum to the list of goog.provide

  PHP
  * Make php message class final to avoid mocking. (#6277)
  * Rename get/setXXXValue to get/setXXXWrapper. (#6295)

  Ruby
  * Remove to_hash methods. (#6166)


2019-04-29 version 3.8.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)

  C++
  * Use std::atomic<int32> in case of myriad2 platform
  * Always declare enums to be int-sized
  * Added DebugString() and ShortDebugString() methods on MessageLite
  * Specialized different parse loop control flows
  * Make hasbits potentially in register. The or's start forming an obstacle because it's a read modify store on the same mem address on each iteration.
  * Move to an internal MACRO for parser validity checks.
  * Improve map parsing performance.
  * Make MergePartialFromCodedStream non virtual. This allows direct calls, potential inlining and is also a code health improvement
  * Add an overall limit to parse_context to prevent reading past it. This allows to remove a annoying level of indirection.
  * Fix a mistake, we shouldn't verify map key/value strings for utf8 in opt mode for proto2.
  * Further improvements to cut binary size.
  * Prepare to make MergePartialFromCodedStream non-virtual.
  * A report on some interesting behavior change in python (caused by b/27494216) made me realize there is a check that needs to be done in case the parse ended on a end group tag.
  * Add a note of caution to the comments around skip in CodedOutputStream.
  * Simplify end check.
  * Add overload for ParseMessage for MessageLite/Message types. If the explicit type is not known inlining won't help de-virtualizing the virtual call.
  * Reduce linker input. It turns out that ParseMessage is not inlined, producing  template instantiations that are used only once and save nothing but cost more.
  * Improve the parser.
  * [c++17] Changed proto2::RepeatedPtrField iterators to no longer derive from the deprecated std::iterator class.
  * Change the default value of case_insensitive_enum_parsing to false for JsonStringToMessage.
  * Add a warning if a field name doesn't match the style guide.
  * Fix TextFormat not round-trip correctly when float value is max float.
  * Added locationed info for some errors at compiler
  * Python reserved keywords are now working with getattr()/setattr() for most descriptors.
  * Added AllowUnknownField() in text_format
  * Append '_' to C++ reserved keywords for message, enum, extension
  * Fix MSVC warning C4244 in protobuf's parse_context.h.
  * Updating Iterators to be compatible with C++17 in MSVC.
  * Use capability annotation in mutex.h
  * Fix "UndefinedBehaviorSanitizer: cfi-bad-type"
  * CriticalSectionLock class as a lightweight replacement for std::mutex on Windows platforms.
  * Removed vestigial wire_format_lite_inl.h

  C#
  * Added System.Memory dependency.

  Java
  * Make Java protoc code generator ignore optimize_for LITE_RUNTIME. Users should instead use the Java lite protoc plugin.
  * Change Extension getMessageDefaultInstance() to return Message instead of MessageLite.
  * Prevent malicious input streams from leaking buffers for ByteString or ByteBuffer parsing.
  * Release new Javalite runtime.
  * Show warning in case potential file name conflict.
  * Allow Java reserved keywords to be used in extensions.
  * Added setAllowUnknownFields() in text format
  * Add memoization to ExtensionRegistryLite.getEmptyRegistry()
  * Improve performance of CodedOutputStream.writeUInt32NoTag
  * Add an optimized mismatch-finding algorithm to UnsafeUtil.
  * When serializing uint32 varints, check that we have MAX_VARINT32_SIZE bytes left, not just MAX_VARINT_SIZE.
  * Minor optimization to RopeByteString.PieceIterator

  JavaScript
  * Simplify generated toObject code when the default value is used.

  Python
  * Changes implementation of Name() for enums that allow aliases in proto2 in Python to be in line with claims in C++ implementation (to return first value).
  * Added double_format option in text format printer.
  * Added iter and __contains__ to extension dict
  * Added allow_unknown_field option in python text format parser
  * Fixed Timestamp.ToDatetime() loses precision issue
  * Support unknown field in text format printer.
  * Float field will be convert to inf if bigger than struct.unpack('f', b'\xff\xff\x7f\x7f')[0] which is about 3.4028234664e+38,
  convert to -inf if smaller than -3.4028234664e+38
  * Allowed casting str->bytes in Message.__setstate__

  Ruby
  * Helper methods to get enum name for Ruby.


2019-01-24 version 3.7.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)

  C++
  * Introduced new MOMI (maybe-outside-memory-interval) parser.
  * Add an option to json_util to parse enum as case-insensitive. In the future, enum parsing in json_util will become case-sensitive.
  * Added conformance test for enum aliases
  * Added support for --cpp_out=speed:...
  * Added use of C++ override keyword where appropriate
  * Many other cleanups and fixes.

  Java
  * Fix illegal reflective access warning in JDK 9+
  * Add BOM

  Python
  * Added Python 3.7 compatibility.
  * Modified ParseFromString to return bytes parsed .
  * Introduce Proto C API.
  * FindFileContainingSymbol in descriptor pool is now able to find field and enum values.
  * reflection.MakeClass()  and  reflection.ParseMessage() are deprecated.
  * Added DescriptorPool.FindMethodByName() method in pure python (c extension already has it)
  * Flipped proto3 to preserve unknown fields by default.
  * Added support for memoryview in python3 proto message parsing.
  * Added MergeFrom for repeated scalar fields in c extension (pure python already has it)
  * Surrogates are now rejected at setters in python3.
  * Added public unknown field API.
  * RecursionLimit is also set to max if allow_oversize_protos is enabled.
  * Disallow duplicate scalars in proto3 text_format parse.
  * Fix some segment faults for c extension map field.

  PHP
  * Most issues for json encoding/decoding in the c extension have been fixed. There are still some edge cases not fixed. For more details, check conformance/failure_list_php_c.txt.
  * Supports php 7.3
  * Added helper methods to convert between enum values and names.
  * Allow setting/getting wrapper message fields using primitive values.
  * Various bug fixes.

  Ruby
  * Ruby 2.6 support.
  * Drops support for ruby < 2.3.
  * Most issues for json encoding/decoding in the c extension have been fixed. There are still some edge cases not fixed. For more details, check conformance/failure_list_ruby.txt.
  * Json parsing can specify an option to ignore unknown fields: msg.decode_json(data, {ignore_unknown_fields: true}).
  * Added support for proto2 syntax (partially).
  * Various bug fixes.

  Csharp
  * More support for FieldMask include merge, intersect and more.
  * Increasing the default recursion limit to 100.
  * Support loading FileDescriptors dynamically.
  * Provide access to comments from descriptors.
  * Added Any.Is method.
  * Compatible with C# 6
  * Added IComparable and comparison operators on Timestamp.

  Objective C
  * Add ability to introspect list of enum values (#4678)
  * Copy the value when setting message/data fields (#5215)
  * Support suppressing the objc package prefix checks on a list of files (#5309)
  * More complete keyword and NSObject method (via categories) checks for field names, can result in more fields being rename, but avoids the collisions at runtime (#5289)
  * Small fixes to TextFormat generation for extensions (#5362)
  * Provide more details/context in deprecation messages (#5412)
  * Array/Dictionary enumeration blocks NS_NOESCAPE annotation for Swift (#5421)
  * Properly annotate extensions for ARC when their names imply behaviors (#5427)
  * Enum alias name collision improvements (#5480)


2018-07-27 version 3.6.1 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)

  C++
  * Introduced workaround for Windows issue with std::atomic and std::once_flag
    initialization (#4777, #4773).

  PHP
  * Added compatibility with PHP 7.3 (#4898).

  Ruby
  * Fixed Ruby crash involving Any encoding (#4718).

2018-06-01 version 3.6.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)

  C++
  * Starting from this release, we now require C++11. For those we cannot yet
    upgrade to C++11, we will try to keep the 3.5.x branch updated with
    critical bug fixes only. If you have any concerns about this, please
    comment on issue #2780.
  * Moved to C++11 types like std::atomic and std::unique_ptr and away from our
    old custom-built equivalents.
  * Added support for repeated message fields in lite protos using implicit
    weak fields. This is an experimental feature that allows the linker to
    strip out more unused messages than previously was possible.
  * Fixed SourceCodeInfo for interpreted options and extension range options.
  * Fixed always_print_enums_as_ints option for JSON serialization.
  * Added support for ignoring unknown enum values when parsing JSON.
  * Create std::string in Arena memory.
  * Fixed ValidateDateTime to correctly check the day.
  * Fixed bug in ZeroCopyStreamByteSink.
  * Various other cleanups and fixes.

  Java
  * Dropped support for Java 6.
  * Added a UTF-8 decoder that uses Unsafe to directly decode a byte buffer.
  * Added deprecation annotations to generated code for deprecated oneof
    fields.
  * Fixed map field serialization in DynamicMessage.
  * Cleanup and documentation for Java Lite runtime.
  * Various other fixes and cleanups
  * Fixed unboxed arraylists to handle an edge case
  * Improved performance for copying between unboxed arraylists
  * Fixed lite protobuf to avoid Java compiler warnings
  * Improved test coverage for lite runtime
  * Performance improvements for lite runtime

  Python
  * Fixed bytes/string map key incompatibility between C++ and pure-Python
    implementations (issue #4029)
  * Added __init__.py files to compiler and util subpackages
  * Use /MT for all Windows versions
  * Fixed an issue affecting the Python-C++ implementation when used with
    Cython (issue #2896)
  * Various text format fixes
  * Various fixes to resolve behavior differences between the pure-Python and
    Python-C++ implementations

  PHP
  * Added php_metadata_namespace to control the file path of generated metadata
    file.
  * Changed generated classes of nested message/enum. E.g., Foo.Bar, which
    previously generates Foo_Bar, now generates Foo/Bar
  * Added array constructor. When creating a message, users can pass a php
    array whose content is field name to value pairs into constructor. The
    created message will be initialized according to the array. Note that
    message field should use a message value instead of a sub-array.
  * Various bug fixes.

  Objective-C
  * We removed some helper class methods from GPBDictionary to shrink the size
    of the library, the functionary is still there, but you may need to do some
    specific +alloc / -init… methods instead.
  * Minor improvements in the performance of object field getters/setters by
    avoiding some memory management overhead.
  * Fix a memory leak during the raising of some errors.
  * Make header importing completely order independent.
  * Small code improvements for things the undefined behaviors compiler option
    was flagging.

  Ruby
  * Added ruby_package file option to control the module of generated class.
  * Various bug fixes.

  Javascript
  * Allow setting string to int64 field.

  Csharp
  * Unknown fields are now parsed and then sent back on the wire. They can be
    discarded at parse time via a CodedInputStream option.
  * Movement towards working with .NET 3.5 and Unity
  * Expression trees are no longer used
  * AOT generics issues in Unity/il2cpp have a workaround (see this commit for
    details)
  * Floating point values are now compared bitwise (affects NaN value
    comparisons)
  * The default size limit when parsing is now 2GB rather than 64MB
  * MessageParser now supports parsing from a slice of a byte array
  * JSON list parsing now accepts null values where the underlying proto
    representation does

2017-12-20 version 3.5.1 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)
  Planned Future Changes
  * Make C++ implementation C++11 only: we plan to require C++11 to build
    protobuf code starting from 3.6.0 release. Please join this github issue:
    https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/2780 to provide your feedback.

  protoc
  * Fixed a bug introduced in 3.5.0 and protoc in Windows now accepts non-ascii
    characters in paths again.

  C++
  * Removed several usages of C++11 features in the code base.
  * Fixed some compiler warnings.

  PHP
  * Fixed memory leak in C-extension implementation.
  * Added discardUnknokwnFields API.
  * Removed duplicated typedef in C-extension headers.
  * Avoided calling private php methods (timelib_update_ts).
  * Fixed Any.php to use fully-qualified name for DescriptorPool.

  Ruby
  * Added Google_Protobuf_discard_unknown for discarding unknown fields in
    messages.

  C#
  * Unknown fields are now preserved by default.
  * Floating point values are now bitwise compared, affecting message equality
    check and Contains() API in map and repeated fields.


2017-11-13 version 3.5.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)
  Planned Future Changes
  * Make C++ implementation C++11 only: we plan to require C++11 to build
    protobuf code starting from 3.6.0 release. Please join this github issue:
    https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/2780 to provide your feedback.

  General
  * Unknown fields are now preserved in proto3 for most of the language
    implementations for proto3 by default. See the per-language section for
    details.
  * reserve keyword are now supported in enums

  C++
  * Proto3 messages are now preserving unknown fields by default. If you rely on
    unknowns fields being dropped. Please use DiscardUnknownFields() explicitly.
  * Deprecated the unsafe_arena_release_* and unsafe_arena_add_allocated_*
    methods for string fields.
  * Added move constructor and move assignment to RepeatedField,
    RepeatedPtrField and google::protobuf::Any.
  * Added perfect forwarding in Arena::CreateMessage
  * In-progress experimental support for implicit weak fields with lite protos.
    This feature allows the linker to strip out more unused messages and reduce
    binary size.
  * Various performance optimizations.

  Java
  * Proto3 messages are now preserving unknown fields by default. If you’d like
    to drop unknown fields, please use the DiscardUnknownFieldsParser API. For
    example:
      Parser<Foo> parser = DiscardUnknownFieldsParser.wrap(Foo.parser());
      Foo foo = parser.parseFrom(input);
  * Added a new CodedInputStream decoder for Iterable<ByteBuffer> with direct
    ByteBuffers.
  * TextFormat now prints unknown length-delimited fields as messages if
    possible.
  * FieldMaskUtil.merge() no longer creates unnecessary empty messages when a
    message field is unset in both source message and destination message.
  * Various performance optimizations.

  Python
  * Proto3 messages are now preserving unknown fields by default. Use
    message.DiscardUnknownFields() to drop unknown fields.
  * Add FieldDescriptor.file in generated code.
  * Add descriptor pool FindOneofByName in pure python.
  * Change unknown enum values into unknown field set .
  * Add more Python dict/list compatibility for Struct/ListValue.
  * Add utf-8 support for text_format.Merge()/Parse().
  * Support numeric unknown enum values for proto3 JSON format.
  * Add warning for Unexpected end-group tag in cpp extension.

  PHP
  * Proto3 messages are now preserving unknown fields.
  * Provide well known type messages in runtime.
  * Add prefix ‘PB’ to generated class of reserved names.
  * Fixed all conformance tests for encode/decode json in php runtime. C
    extension needs more work.

  Objective-C
  * Fixed some issues around copying of messages with unknown fields and then
    mutating the unknown fields in the copy.

  C#
  * Added unknown field support in JsonParser.
  * Fixed oneof message field merge.
  * Simplify parsing messages from array slices.

  Ruby
  * Unknown fields are now preserved by default.
  * Fixed several bugs for segment fault.

  Javascript
  * Decoder can handle both paced and unpacked data no matter how the proto is
    defined.
  * Decoder now accept long varint for 32 bit integers.


2017-08-14 version 3.4.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)
  Planned Future Changes
  * There are some changes that are not included in this release but are planned
    for the near future
      - Preserve unknown fields in proto3: We are going to bring unknown fields
        back into proto3. In this release, some languages start to support
        preserving unknown fields in proto3, controlled by flags/options. Some
        languages also introduce explicit APIs to drop unknown fields for
        migration. Please read the change log sections by languages for details.
        For general timeline and plan:

          https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KMRX-G91Aa-Y2FkEaHeeviLRRNblgIahbsk4wA14gRk/view

        For issues and discussions:

          https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/272

      - Make C++ implementation C++11 only: we plan to require C++11 to build
        protobuf code starting from 3.5.0 or 3.6.0 release, after unknown fields
        semantic changes are finished. Please join this
        github issue:

          https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/2780

        to provide your feedback.

  General
  * Extension ranges now accept options and are customizable.
  * "reserve" keyword now supports “max” in field number ranges,
    e.g.  reserve 1000 to max;

  C++
  * Proto3 messages are now able to preserve unknown fields. The default
    behavior is still to drop unknowns, which will be flipped in a future
    release. If you rely on unknowns fields being dropped. Please use
    Message::DiscardUnknownFields() explicitly.
  * Packable proto3 fields are now packed by default in serialization.
  * Following C++11 features are introduced when C++11 is available:
      - move-constructor and move-assignment are introduced to messages
      - Repeated fields constructor now takes std::initializer_list
      - rvalue setters are introduced for string fields
  * Experimental Table-Driven parsing and serialization available to test. To
    enable it, pass in table_driven_parsing table_driven_serialization protoc
    generator flags for C++

      $ protoc --cpp_out=table_driven_parsing,table_driven_serialization:./ \
        test.proto

  * lite generator parameter supported by the generator. Once set, all generated
    files, use lite runtime regardless of the optimizer_for setting in the
    .proto file.
  * Various optimizations to make C++ code more performant on PowerPC platform
  * Fixed maps data corruption when the maps are modified by both reflection API
    and generated API.
  * Deterministic serialization on maps reflection now uses stable sort.
  * file() accessors are introduced to various *Descriptor classes to make
    writing template function easier.
  * ByteSize() and SpaceUsed() are deprecated.Use ByteSizeLong() and
    SpaceUsedLong() instead
  * Consistent hash function is used for maps in DEBUG and NDEBUG build.
  * "using namespace std" is removed from stubs/common.h
  * Various performance optimizations and bug fixes

  Java
  * Introduced new parser API DiscardUnknownFieldsParser in preparation of
    proto3 unknown fields preservation change. Users who want to drop unknown
    fields should migrate to use this new parser API. For example:

      Parser<Foo> parser = DiscardUnknownFieldsParser.wrap(Foo.parser());
      Foo foo = parser.parseFrom(input);

  * Introduced new TextFormat API printUnicodeFieldValue() that prints field
    value without escaping unicode characters.
  * Added Durations.compare(Duration, Duration) and
    Timestamps.compare(Timestamp, Timestamp).
  * JsonFormat now accepts base64url encoded bytes fields.
  * Optimized CodedInputStream to do less copies when parsing large bytes
    fields.
  * Optimized TextFormat to allocate less memory when printing.

  Python
  * SerializeToString API is changed to SerializeToString(self, **kwargs),
    deterministic parameter is accepted for deterministic serialization.
  * Added sort_keys parameter in json format to make the output deterministic.
  * Added indent parameter in json format.
  * Added extension support in json format.
  * Added __repr__ support for repeated field in cpp implementation.
  * Added file in FieldDescriptor.
  * Added pretty-print filter to text format.
  * Services and method descriptors are always printed even if generic_service
    option is turned off.
  * Note: AppEngine 2.5 is deprecated on June 2017 that AppEngine 2.5 will
    never update protobuf runtime. Users who depend on AppEngine 2.5 should use
    old protoc.

  PHP
  * Support PHP generic services. Specify file option php_generic_service=true
    to enable generating service interface.
  * Message, repeated and map fields setters take value instead of reference.
  * Added map iterator in c extension.
  * Support json  encode/decode.
  * Added more type info in getter/setter phpdoc
  * Fixed the problem that c extension and php implementation cannot be used
    together.
  * Added file option php_namespace to use custom php namespace instead of
    package.
  * Added fluent setter.
  * Added descriptor API in runtime for custom encode/decode.
  * Various bug fixes.

  Objective-C
  * Fix for GPBExtensionRegistry copying and add tests.
  * Optimize GPBDictionary.m codegen to reduce size of overall library by 46K
    per architecture.
  * Fix some cases of reading of 64bit map values.
  * Properly error on a tag with field number zero.
  * Preserve unknown fields in proto3 syntax files.
  * Document the exceptions on some of the writing apis.

  C#
  * Implemented IReadOnlyDictionary<K,V> in MapField<K,V>
  * Added TryUnpack method for Any message in addition to Unpack.
  * Converted C# projects to MSBuild (csproj) format.

  Ruby
  * Several bug fixes.

  Javascript
  * Added support of field option js_type. Now one can specify the JS type of a
    64-bit integer field to be string in the generated code by adding option
    [jstype = JS_STRING] on the field.

2017-04-05 version 3.3.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Objective-C/C#/Ruby/JavaScript)
  Planned Future Changes
  * There are some changes that are not included in this release but are
    planned for the near future:
      - Preserve unknown fields in proto3: please read this doc:

          https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KMRX-G91Aa-Y2FkEaHeeviLRRNblgIahbsk4wA14gRk/view

        for the timeline and follow up this github issue:

          https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/272

        for discussion.
      - Make C++ implementation C++11 only: we plan to require C++11 to build
        protobuf code starting from 3.4.0 or 3.5.0 release. Please join this
        github issue:

          https://github.com/protocolbuffers/protobuf/issues/2780

        to provide your feedback.

  C++
  * Fixed map fields serialization of DynamicMessage to correctly serialize
    both key and value regardless of their presence.
  * Parser now rejects field number 0 correctly.
  * New API Message::SpaceUsedLong() that’s equivalent to
    Message::SpaceUsed() but returns the value in size_t.
  * JSON support
    - New flag always_print_enums_as_ints in JsonPrintOptions.
    - New flag preserve_proto_field_names in JsonPrintOptions. It will instruct
      the JSON printer to use the original field name declared in the .proto
      file instead of converting them to lowerCamelCase when printing JSON.
    - JsonPrintOptions.always_print_primtive_fields now works for oneof message
      fields.
    - Fixed a bug that doesn’t allow different fields to set the same json_name
      value.
    - Fixed a performance bug that causes excessive memory copy when printing
      large messages.
  * Various performance optimizations.

  Java
  * Map field setters eagerly validate inputs and throw NullPointerExceptions
    as appropriate.
  * Added ByteBuffer overloads to the generated parsing methods and the Parser
    interface.
  * proto3 enum's getNumber() method now throws on UNRECOGNIZED values.
  * Output of JsonFormat is now locale independent.

  Python
  * Added FindServiceByName() in the pure-Python DescriptorPool. This works only
    for descriptors added with DescriptorPool.Add(). Generated descriptor_pool
    does not support this yet.
  * Added a descriptor_pool parameter for parsing Any in text_format.Parse().
  * descriptor_pool.FindFileContainingSymbol() now is able to find nested
    extensions.
  * Extending empty [] to repeated field now sets parent message presence.

  PHP
  * Added file option php_class_prefix. The prefix will be prepended to all
    generated classes defined in the file.
  * When encoding, negative int32 values are sign-extended to int64.
  * Repeated/Map field setter accepts a regular PHP array. Type checking is
    done on the array elements.
  * encode/decode are renamed to serializeToString/mergeFromString.
  * Added mergeFrom, clear method on Message.
  * Fixed a bug that oneof accessor didn’t return the field name that is
    actually set.
  * C extension now works with php7.
  * This is the first GA release of PHP. We guarantee that old generated code
    can always work with new runtime and new generated code.

  Objective-C
  * Fixed help for GPBTimestamp for dates before the epoch that contain
    fractional seconds.
  * Added GPBMessageDropUnknownFieldsRecursively() to remove unknowns from a
    message and any sub messages.
  * Addressed a threading race in extension registration/lookup.
  * Increased the max message parsing depth to 100 to match the other languages.
  * Removed some use of dispatch_once in favor of atomic compare/set since it
    needs to be heap based.
  * Fixes for new Xcode 8.3 warnings.

  C#
  * Fixed MapField.Values.CopyTo, which would throw an exception unnecessarily
    if provided exactly the right size of array to copy to.
  * Fixed enum JSON formatting when multiple names mapped to the same numeric
    value.
  * Added JSON formatting option to format enums as integers.
  * Modified RepeatedField<T> to implement IReadOnlyList<T>.
  * Introduced the start of custom option handling; it's not as pleasant as it
    might be, but the information is at least present. We expect to extend code
    generation to improve this in the future.
  * Introduced ByteString.FromStream and ByteString.FromStreamAsync to
    efficiently create a ByteString from a stream.
  * Added whole-message deprecation, which decorates the class with [Obsolete].

  Ruby
  * Fixed Message#to_h for messages with map fields.
  * Fixed memcpy() in binary gems to work for old glibc, without breaking the
    build for non-glibc libc’s like musl.

  Javascript
  * Added compatibility tests for version 3.0.0.
  * Added conformance tests.
  * Fixed serialization of extensions: we need to emit a value even if it is
    falsy (like the number 0).
  * Use closurebuilder.py in favor of calcdeps.py for compiling JavaScript.

2017-01-23 version 3.2.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Ruby/Objective-C/C#/JavaScript/Lite)
  General
  * Added protoc version number to protoc plugin protocol. It can be used by
    protoc plugin to detect which version of protoc is used with the plugin and
    mitigate known problems in certain version of protoc.

  C++
  * The default parsing byte size limit has been raised from 64MB to 2GB.
  * Added rvalue setters for non-arena string fields.
  * Enabled debug logging for Android.
  * Fixed a double-free problem when using Reflection::SetAllocatedMessage()
    with extension fields.
  * Fixed several deterministic serialization bugs:
    * MessageLite::SerializeAsString() now respects the global deterministic
      serialization flag.
    * Extension fields are serialized deterministically as well.  Fixed protocol
      compiler to correctly report importing-self as an error.
  * Fixed FileDescriptor::DebugString() to print custom options correctly.
  * Various performance/codesize optimizations and cleanups.

  Java
  * The default parsing byte size limit has been raised from 64MB to 2GB.
  * Added recursion limit when parsing JSON.
  * Fixed a bug that enumType.getDescriptor().getOptions() doesn't have custom
    options.
  * Fixed generated code to support field numbers up to 2^29-1.

  Python
  * You can now assign NumPy scalars/arrays (np.int32, np.int64) to protobuf
    fields, and assigning other numeric types has been optimized for
    performance.
  * Pure-Python: message types are now garbage-collectable.
  * Python/C++: a lot of internal cleanup/refactoring.

  PHP (Alpha)
  * For 64-bit integers type (int64/uint64/sfixed64/fixed64/sint64), use PHP
    integer on 64-bit environment and PHP string on 32-bit environment.
  * PHP generated code also conforms to PSR-4 now.
  * Fixed ZTS build for c extension.
  * Fixed c extension build on Mac.
  * Fixed c extension build on 32-bit linux.
  * Fixed the bug that message without namespace is not found in the descriptor
    pool. (#2240)
  * Fixed the bug that repeated field is not iterable in c extension.
  * Message names Empty will be converted to GPBEmpty in generated code.
  * Added phpdoc in generated files.
  * The released API is almost stable. Unless there is large problem, we won't
    change it. See
    https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/reference/php-generated
    for more details.

  Objective-C
  * Added support for push/pop of the stream limit on CodedInputStream for
    anyone doing manual parsing.

  C#
  * No changes.

  Ruby
  * Message objects now support #respond_to? for field getters/setters.
  * You can now compare “message == non_message_object” and it will return false
    instead of throwing an exception.
  * JRuby: fixed #hashCode to properly reflect the values in the message.

  Javascript
  * Deserialization of repeated fields no longer has quadratic performance
    behavior.
  * UTF-8 encoding/decoding now properly supports high codepoints.
  * Added convenience methods for some well-known types: Any, Struct, and
    Timestamp. These make it easier to convert data between native JavaScript
    types and the well-known protobuf types.

2016-09-23 version 3.1.0 (C++/Java/Python/PHP/Ruby/Objective-C/C#/JavaScript/Lite)
  General
  * Proto3 support in PHP (alpha).
  * Various bug fixes.

  C++
  * Added MessageLite::ByteSizeLong() that’s equivalent to
    MessageLite::ByteSize() but returns the value in size_t. Useful to check
    whether a message is over the 2G size limit that protobuf can support.
  * Moved default_instances to global variables. This allows default_instance
    addresses to be known at compile time.
  * Adding missing generic gcc 64-bit atomicops.
  * Restore New*Callback into google::protobuf namespace since these are used
    by the service stubs code
  * JSON support.
    * Fixed some conformance issues.
  * Fixed a JSON serialization bug for bytes fields.

  Java
  * Fixed a bug in TextFormat that doesn’t accept empty repeated fields (i.e.,
    “field: [ ]”).
  * JSON support
    * Fixed JsonFormat to do correct snake_case-to-camelCase conversion for
      non-style-conforming field names.
    * Fixed JsonFormat to parse empty Any message correctly.
    * Added an option to JsonFormat.Parser to ignore unknown fields.
  * Experimental API
    * Added UnsafeByteOperations.unsafeWrap(byte[]) to wrap a byte array into
      ByteString without copy.

  Python
  * JSON support
    * Fixed some conformance issues.

  PHP (Alpha)
  * We have added the proto3 support for PHP via both a pure PHP package and a
    native c extension. The pure PHP package is intended to provide usability
    to wider range of PHP platforms, while the c extension is intended to
    provide higher performance. Both implementations provide the same runtime
    APIs and share the same generated code. Users don’t need to re-generate
    code for the same proto definition when they want to switch the
    implementation later. The pure PHP package is included in the php/src
    directory, and the c extension is included in the php/ext directory.

    Both implementations provide idiomatic PHP APIs:
    * All messages and enums are defined as PHP classes.
    * All message fields can only be accessed via getter/setter.
    * Both repeated field elements and map elements are stored in containers
      that act like a normal PHP array.

    Unlike several existing third-party PHP implementations for protobuf, our
    implementations are built on a "strongly-typed" philosophy: message fields
    and array/map containers will throw exceptions eagerly when values of the
    incorrect type (not including those that can be type converted, e.g.,
    double <-> integer <-> numeric string) are inserted.

    Currently, pure PHP runtime supports php5.5, 5.6 and 7 on linux. C
    extension runtime supports php5.5 and 5.6 on linux.

    See php/README.md for more details about installment. See
    https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/phptutorial for more
    details about APIs.

  Objective-C
  * Helpers are now provided for working the Any well known type (see
    GPBWellKnownTypes.h for the api additions).
  * Some improvements in startup code (especially when extensions aren’t used).

  Javascript
  * Fixed missing import of jspb.Map
  * Fixed valueWriterFn variable name

  Ruby
  * Fixed hash computation for JRuby's RubyMessage
  * Make sure map parsing frames are GC-rooted.
  * Added API support for well-known types.

  C#
  * Removed check on dependency in the C# reflection API.

2016-09-06 version 3.0.2 (C++/Java/Python/Ruby/Objective-C/C#/JavaScript/Lite)
  General
  * Various bug fixes.

  Objective C
  * Fix for oneofs in proto3 syntax files where fields were set to the zero
    value.
  * Fix for embedded null character in strings.
  * CocoaDocs support

  Ruby
  * Fixed memory corruption bug in parsing that could occur under GC pressure.

  Javascript
  * jspb.Map is now properly exported to CommonJS modules.

  C#
  * Removed legacy_enum_values flag.


2016-07-27 version 3.0.0 (C++/Java/Python/Ruby/Objective-C/C#/JavaScript/Lite)
  General
  * This log only contains changes since the beta-4 release. Summarized change
    log since the last stable release (v2.6.1) can be found in the github
    release page.

  Compatibility Notice
  * v3.0.0 is the first API stable release of the v3.x series. We do not expect
    any future API breaking changes.
  * For C++, Java Lite and Objective-C, source level compatibility is
    guaranteed.  Upgrading from v3.0.0 to newer minor version releases will be
    source compatible. For example, if your code compiles against protobuf
    v3.0.0, it will continue to compile after you upgrade protobuf library to
    v3.1.0.
  * For other languages, both source level compatibility and binary level
    compatibility are guaranteed. For example, if you have a Java binary built
    against protobuf v3.0.0. After switching the protobuf runtime binary to
    v3.1.0, your built binary should continue to work.
  * Compatibility is only guaranteed for documented API and documented
    behaviors. If you are using undocumented API (e.g., use anything in the C++
    internal namespace), it can be broken by minor version releases in an
    undetermined manner.

  Ruby
  * When you assign a string field `a.string_field = "X"`, we now call
    #encode(UTF-8) on the string and freeze the copy. This saves you from
    needing to ensure the string is already encoded as UTF-8. It also prevents
    you from mutating the string after it has been assigned (this is how we
    ensure it stays valid UTF-8).
  * The generated file for `foo.proto` is now `foo_pb.rb` instead of just
    `foo.rb`. This makes it easier to see which imports/requires are from
    protobuf generated code, and also prevents conflicts with any `foo.rb` file
    you might have written directly in Ruby. It is a backward-incompatible
    change: you will need to update all of your `require` statements.
  * For package names like `foo_bar`, we now translate this to the Ruby module
    `FooBar`. This is more idiomatic Ruby than what we used to do (`Foo_bar`).

  JavaScript
  * Scalar fields like numbers and boolean now return defaults instead of
    `undefined` or `null` when they are unset. You can test for presence
    explicitly by calling `hasFoo()`, which we now generate for scalar fields.

  Java Lite
  * Java Lite is now implemented as a separate plugin, maintained in the
    `javalite` branch. Both lite runtime and protoc artifacts will be available
    in Maven.

  C#
  * Target platforms now .NET 4.5, selected portable subsets and .NET Core.
  * legacy_enum_values option is no longer supported.

2016-07-15 version 3.0.0-beta-4 (C++/Java/Python/Ruby/Objective-C/C#/JavaScript)
  General
  * Added a deterministic serialization API for C++. The deterministic
    serialization guarantees that given a binary, equal messages will be
    serialized to the same bytes. This allows applications like MapReduce to
    group equal messages based on the serialized bytes. The deterministic
    serialization is, however, NOT canonical across languages; it is also
    unstable across different builds with schema changes due to unknown fields.
    Users who need canonical serialization, e.g. persistent storage in a
    canonical form, fingerprinting, etc, should define their own
    canonicalization specification and implement the serializer using reflection
    APIs rather than relying on this API.
  * Added OneofOptions. You can now define custom options for oneof groups.
      import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto";
      extend google.protobuf.OneofOptions {
        optional int32 my_oneof_extension = 12345;
      }
      message Foo {
        oneof oneof_group {
          (my_oneof_extension) = 54321;
          ...
        }
      }

  C++ (beta)
  * Introduced a deterministic serialization API in
    CodedOutputStream::SetSerializationDeterministic(bool). See the notes about
    deterministic serialization in the General section.
  * Added google::protobuf::Map::swap() to swap two map fields.
  * Fixed a memory leak when calling Reflection::ReleaseMessage() on a message
    allocated on arena.
  * Improved error reporting when parsing text format protos.
  * JSON
      - Added a new parser option to ignore unknown fields when parsing JSON.
      - Added convenient methods for message to/from JSON conversion.
  * Various performance optimizations.

  Java (beta)
  * File option "java_generate_equals_and_hash" is now deprecated. equals() and
    hashCode() methods are generated by default.
  * Added a new JSON printer option "omittingInsignificantWhitespace" to produce
    a more compact JSON output. The printer will pretty-print by default.
  * Updated Java runtime to be compatible with 2.5.0/2.6.1 generated protos.

  Python (beta)
  * Added support to pretty print Any messages in text format.
  * Added a flag to ignore unknown fields when parsing JSON.
  * Bugfix: "@type" field of a JSON Any message is now correctly put before
    other fields.

  Objective-C (beta)
  * Updated the code to support compiling with more compiler warnings
    enabled. (Issue 1616)
  * Exposing more detailed errors for parsing failures. (PR 1623)
  * Small (breaking) change to the naming of some methods on the support classes
    for map<>. There were collisions with the system provided KVO support, so
    the names were changed to avoid those issues.  (PR 1699)
  * Fixed for proper Swift bridging of error handling during parsing. (PR 1712)
  * Complete support for generating sources that will go into a Framework and
    depend on generated sources from other Frameworks. (Issue 1457)

  C# (beta)
  * RepeatedField optimizations.
  * Support for .NET Core.
  * Minor bug fixes.
  * Ability to format a single value in JsonFormatter (advanced usage only).
  * Modifications to attributes applied to generated code.

  Javascript (alpha)
  * Maps now have a real map API instead of being treated as repeated fields.
  * Well-known types are now provided in the google-protobuf package, and the
    code generator knows to require() them from that package.
  * Bugfix: non-canonical varints are correctly decoded.

  Ruby (alpha)
  * Accessors for oneof fields now return default values instead of nil.

  Java Lite
  * Java lite support is removed from protocol compiler. It will be supported
    as a protocol compiler plugin in a separate code branch.

2016-05-16 version 3.0.0-beta-3 (C++/Java/Python/Ruby/Nano/Objective-C/C#/JavaScript)
  General
  * Supported Proto3 lite-runtime in C++/Java for mobile platforms.
  * Any type now supports APIs to specify prefixes other than
    type.googleapis.com
  * Removed javanano_use_deprecated_package option; Nano will always has its own
    ".nano" package.

  C++ (Beta)
  * Improved hash maps.
      - Improved hash maps comments. In particular, please note that equal hash
        maps will not necessarily have the same iteration order and
        serialization.
      - Added a new hash maps implementation that will become the default in a
        later release.
  * Arenas
      - Several inlined methods in Arena were moved to out-of-line to improve
        build performance and code size.
      - Added SpaceAllocatedAndUsed() to report both space used and allocated
      - Added convenient class UnsafeArenaAllocatedRepeatedPtrFieldBackInserter
  * Any
      - Allow custom type URL prefixes in Any packing.
      - TextFormat now expand the Any type rather than printing bytes.
  * Performance optimizations and various bug fixes.

  Java (Beta)
  * Introduced an ExperimentalApi annotation. Annotated APIs are experimental
    and are subject to change in a backward incompatible way in future releases.
  * Introduced zero-copy serialization as an ExperimentalApi
      - Introduction of the `ByteOutput` interface. This is similar to
        `OutputStream` but provides semantics for lazy writing (i.e. no
        immediate copy required) of fields that are considered to be immutable.
      - `ByteString` now supports writing to a `ByteOutput`, which will directly
        expose the internals of the `ByteString` (i.e. `byte[]` or `ByteBuffer`)
        to the `ByteOutput` without copying.
      - `CodedOutputStream` now supports writing to a `ByteOutput`. `ByteString`
        instances that are too large to fit in the internal buffer will be
        (lazily) written to the `ByteOutput` directly.
      - This allows applications using large `ByteString` fields to avoid
        duplication of these fields entirely. Such an application can supply a
        `ByteOutput` that chains together the chunks received from
        `CodedOutputStream` before forwarding them onto the IO system.
  * Other related changes to `CodedOutputStream`
      - Additional use of `sun.misc.Unsafe` where possible to perform fast
        access to `byte[]` and `ByteBuffer` values and avoiding unnecessary
        range checking.
      - `ByteBuffer`-backed `CodedOutputStream` now writes directly to the
        `ByteBuffer` rather than to an intermediate array.
  * Improved lite-runtime.
      - Lite protos now implement deep equals/hashCode/toString
      - Significantly improved the performance of Builder#mergeFrom() and
        Builder#mergeDelimitedFrom()
  * Various bug fixes and small feature enhancement.
      - Fixed stack overflow when in hashCode() for infinite recursive oneofs.
      - Fixed the lazy field parsing in lite to merge rather than overwrite.
      - TextFormat now supports reporting line/column numbers on errors.
      - Updated to add appropriate @Override for better compiler errors.

  Python (Beta)
  * Added JSON format for Any, Struct, Value and ListValue
  * [ ] is now accepted for both repeated scalar fields and repeated message
    fields in text format parser.
  * Numerical field name is now supported in text format.
  * Added DiscardUnknownFields API for python protobuf message.

  Objective-C (Beta)
  * Proto comments now come over as HeaderDoc comments in the generated sources
    so Xcode can pick them up and display them.
  * The library headers have been updated to use HeaderDoc comments so Xcode can
    pick them up and display them.
  * The per message and per field overhead in both generated code and runtime
    object sizes was reduced.
  * Generated code now include deprecated annotations when the proto file
    included them.

  C# (Beta)
  In general: some changes are breaking, which require regenerating messages.
  Most user-written code will not be impacted *except* for the renaming of enum
  values.

  * Allow custom type URL prefixes in `Any` packing, and ignore them when
    unpacking
  * `protoc` is now in a separate NuGet package (Google.Protobuf.Tools)
  * New option: `internal_access` to generate internal classes
  * Enum values are now PascalCased, and if there's a prefix which matches the
    name of the enum, that is removed (so an enum `COLOR` with a value
    `COLOR_BLUE` would generate a value of just `Blue`). An option
    (`legacy_enum_values`) is temporarily available to disable this, but the
    option will be removed for GA.
  * `json_name` option is now honored
  * If group tags are encountered when parsing, they are validated more
    thoroughly (although we don't support actual groups)
  * NuGet dependencies are better specified
  * Breaking: `Preconditions` is renamed to `ProtoPreconditions`
  * Breaking: `GeneratedCodeInfo` is renamed to `GeneratedClrTypeInfo`
  * `JsonFormatter` now allows writing to a `TextWriter`
  * New interface, `ICustomDiagnosticMessage` to allow more compact
    representations from `ToString`
  * `CodedInputStream` and `CodedOutputStream` now implement `IDisposable`,
    which simply disposes of the streams they were constructed with
  * Map fields no longer support null values (in line with other languages)
  * Improvements in JSON formatting and parsing

  Javascript (Alpha)
  * Better support for "bytes" fields: bytes fields can be read as either a
    base64 string or UInt8Array (in environments where TypedArray is supported).
  * New support for CommonJS imports.  This should make it easier to use the
    JavaScript support in Node.js and tools like WebPack.  See js/README.md for
    more information.
  * Some significant internal refactoring to simplify and modularize the code.

  Ruby (Alpha)
  * JSON serialization now properly uses camelCased names, with a runtime option
    that will preserve original names from .proto files instead.
  * Well-known types are now included in the distribution.
  * Release now includes binary gems for Windows, Mac, and Linux instead of just
    source gems.
  * Bugfix for serializing oneofs.

  C++/Java Lite (Alpha)
    A new "lite" generator parameter was introduced in the protoc for C++ and
    Java for Proto3 syntax messages. Example usage:

     ./protoc --cpp_out=lite:$OUTPUT_PATH foo.proto

    The protoc will treat the current input and all the transitive dependencies
    as LITE. The same generator parameter must be used to generate the
    dependencies.

    In Proto3 syntax files, "optimized_for=LITE_RUNTIME" is no longer supported.


2015-12-30 version 3.0.0-beta-2 (C++/Java/Python/Ruby/Nano/Objective-C/C#/JavaScript)
  General
  * Introduced a new language implementation: JavaScript.
  * Added a new field option "json_name". By default proto field names are
    converted to "lowerCamelCase" in proto3 JSON format. This option can be
    used to override this behavior and specify a different JSON name for the
    field.
  * Added conformance tests to ensure implementations are following proto3 JSON
    specification.

  C++ (Beta)
  * Various bug fixes and improvements to the JSON support utility:
      - Duplicate map keys in JSON are now rejected (i.e., translation will
        fail).
      - Fixed wire-format for google.protobuf.Value/ListValue.
      - Fixed precision loss when converting google.protobuf.Timestamp.
      - Fixed a bug when parsing invalid UTF-8 code points.
      - Fixed a memory leak.
      - Reduced call stack usage.

  Java (Beta)
  * Cleaned up some unused methods on CodedOutputStream.
  * Presized lists for packed fields during parsing in the lite runtime to
    reduce allocations and improve performance.
  * Improved the performance of unknown fields in the lite runtime.
  * Introduced UnsafeByteStrings to support zero-copy ByteString creation.
  * Various bug fixes and improvements to the JSON support utility:
      - Fixed a thread-safety bug.
      - Added a new option “preservingProtoFieldNames” to JsonFormat.
      - Added a new option “includingDefaultValueFields” to JsonFormat.
      - Updated the JSON utility to comply with proto3 JSON specification.

  Python (Beta)
  * Added proto3 JSON format utility. It includes support for all field types
    and a few well-known types except for Any and Struct.
  * Added runtime support for Any, Timestamp, Duration and FieldMask.
  * [ ] is now accepted for repeated scalar fields in text format parser.
  * Map fields now have proper O(1) performance for lookup/insert/delete
    when using the Python/C++ implementation. They were previously using O(n)
    search-based algorithms because the C++ reflection interface didn't
    support true map operations.

  Objective-C (Beta)
  * Various bug-fixes and code tweaks to pass more strict compiler warnings.
  * Now has conformance test coverage and is passing all tests.

  C# (Beta)
  * Various bug-fixes.
  * Code generation: Files generated in directories based on namespace.
  * Code generation: Include comments from .proto files in XML doc
    comments (naively)
  * Code generation: Change organization/naming of "reflection class" (access
    to file descriptor)
  * Code generation and library: Add Parser property to MessageDescriptor,
    and introduce a non-generic parser type.
  * Library: Added TypeRegistry to support JSON parsing/formatting of Any.
  * Library: Added Any.Pack/Unpack support.
  * Library: Implemented JSON parsing.

  Javascript (Alpha)
  * Added proto3 support for JavaScript. The runtime is written in pure
    JavaScript and works in browsers and in Node.js. To generate JavaScript
    code for your proto, invoke protoc with "--js_out". See js/README.md
    for more build instructions.

2015-08-26 version 3.0.0-beta-1 (C++/Java/Python/Ruby/Nano/Objective-C/C#)
  About Beta
  * This is the first beta release of protobuf v3.0.0. Not all languages
    have reached beta stage. Languages not marked as beta are still in
    alpha (i.e., be prepared for API breaking changes).

  General
  * Proto3 JSON is supported in several languages (fully supported in C++
    and Java, partially supported in Ruby/C#). The JSON spec is defined in
    the proto3 language guide:

      https://developers.google.com/protocol-buffers/docs/proto3#json

    We will publish a more detailed spec to define the exact behavior of
    proto3-conformant JSON serializers and parsers. Until then, do not rely
    on specific behaviors of the implementation if it’s not documented in
    the above spec. More specifically, the behavior is not yet finalized for
    the following:
      - Parsing invalid JSON input (e.g., input with trailing commas).
      - Non-camelCase names in JSON input.
      - The same field appears multiple times in JSON input.
      - JSON arrays contain “null” values.
      - The message has unknown fields.

  * Proto3 now enforces strict UTF-8 checking. Parsing will fail if a string
    field contains non UTF-8 data.

  C++ (Beta)
  * Introduced new utility functions/classes in the google/protobuf/util
    directory:
      - MessageDifferencer: compare two proto messages and report their
                            differences.
      - JsonUtil: support converting protobuf binary format to/from JSON.
      - TimeUtil: utility functions to work with well-known types Timestamp
                  and Duration.
      - FieldMaskUtil: utility functions to work with FieldMask.

  * Performance optimization of arena construction and destruction.
  * Bug fixes for arena and maps support.
  * Changed to use cmake for Windows Visual Studio builds.
  * Added Bazel support.

  Java (Beta)
  * Introduced a new util package that will be distributed as a separate
    artifact in maven. It contains:
      - JsonFormat: convert proto messages to/from JSON.
      - TimeUtil: utility functions to work with Timestamp and Duration.
      - FieldMaskUtil: utility functions to work with FieldMask.

  * The static PARSER in each generated message is deprecated, and it will
    be removed in a future release. A static parser() getter is generated
    for each message type instead.
  * Performance optimizations for String fields serialization.
  * Performance optimizations for Lite runtime on Android:
      - Reduced allocations
      - Reduced method overhead after ProGuarding
      - Reduced code size after ProGuarding

  Python (Alpha)
  * Removed legacy Python 2.5 support.
  * Moved to a single Python 2.x/3.x-compatible codebase, instead of using 2to3.
  * Fixed build/tests on Python 2.6, 2.7, 3.3, and 3.4.
      - Pure-Python works on all four.
      - Python/C++ implementation works on all but 3.4, due to changes in the
        Python/C++ API in 3.4.
  * Some preliminary work has been done to allow for multiple DescriptorPools
    with Python/C++.

  Ruby (Alpha)
  * Many bugfixes:
      - fixed parsing/serialization of bytes, sint, sfixed types
      - other parser bugfixes
      - fixed memory leak affecting Ruby 2.2

  JavaNano (Alpha)
  * JavaNano generated code now will be put in a nano package by default to
    avoid conflicts with Java generated code.

  Objective-C (Alpha)
  * Added non-null markup to ObjC library. Requires SDK 8.4+ to build.
  * Many bugfixes:
      - Removed the class/enum filter.
      - Renamed some internal types to avoid conflicts with the well-known types
        protos.
      - Added missing support for parsing repeated primitive fields in packed or
        unpacked forms.
      - Added *Count for repeated and map<> fields to avoid auto-create when
        checking for them being set.

  C# (Alpha)
  * Namespace changed to Google.Protobuf (and NuGet package will be named
    correspondingly).
  * Target platforms now .NET 4.5 and selected portable subsets only.
  * Removed lite runtime.
  * Reimplementation to use mutable message types.
  * Null references used to represent "no value" for message type fields.
  * Proto3 semantics supported; proto2 files are prohibited for C# codegen.
    Most proto3 features supported:
      - JSON formatting (a.k.a. serialization to JSON), including well-known
        types (except for Any).
      - Wrapper types mapped to nullable value types (or string/ByteString
        allowing nullability). JSON parsing is not supported yet.
      - maps
      - oneof
      - enum unknown value preservation

2015-05-25 version 3.0.0-alpha-3 (Objective-C/C#):
  General
  * Introduced two new language implementations (Objective-C, C#) to proto3.
  * Explicit "optional" keyword are disallowed in proto3 syntax, as fields are
    optional by default.
  * Group fields are no longer supported in proto3 syntax.
  * Changed repeated primitive fields to use packed serialization by default in
    proto3 (implemented for C++, Java, Python in this release).  The user can
    still disable packed serialization by setting packed to false for now.
  * Added well-known type protos (any.proto, empty.proto, timestamp.proto,
    duration.proto, etc.). Users can import and use these protos just like
    regular proto files. Additional runtime support will be added for them in
    future releases (in the form of utility helper functions, or having them
    replaced by language specific types in generated code).
  * Added a "reserved" keyword in both proto2 and proto3 syntax. User can use
    this keyword to declare reserved field numbers and names to prevent them
    from being reused by other fields in the same message.

    To reserve field numbers, add a reserved declaration in your message:

      message TestMessage {
        reserved 2, 15, 9 to 11, 3;
      }

    This reserves field numbers 2, 3, 9, 10, 11 and 15. If a user uses any of
    these as field numbers, the protocol buffer compiler will report an error.

    Field names can also be reserved:

      message TestMessage {
        reserved "foo", "bar";
      }

  * Various bug fixes since 3.0.0-alpha-2

  Objective-C
    Objective-C includes a code generator and a native objective-c runtime
    library.  By adding “--objc_out” to protoc, the code generator will generate
    a header(*.pbobjc.h) and an implementation file(*.pbobjc.m) for each proto
    file.

    In this first release, the generated interface provides: enums, messages,
    field support(single, repeated, map, oneof), proto2 and proto3 syntax
    support, parsing and serialization. It’s  compatible with ARC and non-ARC
    usage. Besides, user can also access it via the swift bridging header.

    See objectivec/README.md for details.

  C#
    * C# protobufs are based on project
      https://github.com/jskeet/protobuf-csharp-port. The original project was
      frozen and all the new development will happen here.
    * Codegen plugin for C# was completely rewritten to C++ and is now an
      integral part of protoc.
    * Some refactorings and cleanup has been applied to the C# runtime library.
    * Only proto2 is supported in C# at the moment, proto3 support is in
      progress and will likely bring significant breaking changes to the API.

    See csharp/README.md for details.

  C++
    * Added runtime support for Any type. To use Any in your proto file, first
      import the definition of Any:

        // foo.proto
        import "google/protobuf/any.proto";
        message Foo {
          google.protobuf.Any any_field = 1;
        }
        message Bar {
          int32 value = 1;
        }

      Then in C++ you can access the Any field using PackFrom()/UnpackTo()
      methods:

        Foo foo;
        Bar bar = ...;
        foo.mutable_any_field()->PackFrom(bar);
        ...
        if (foo.any_field().IsType<Bar>()) {
          foo.any_field().UnpackTo(&bar);
          ...
        }
    * In text format, entries of a map field will be sorted by key.

  Java
    * Continued optimizations on the lite runtime to improve performance for
      Android.

  Python
    * Added map support.
      - maps now have a dict-like interface (msg.map_field[key] = value)
      - existing code that modifies maps via the repeated field interface
        will need to be updated.

  Ruby
    * Improvements to RepeatedField's emulation of the Ruby Array API.
    * Various speedups and internal cleanups.

2015-02-26 version 3.0.0-alpha-2 (Python/Ruby/JavaNano):
  General
  * Introduced three new language implementations (Ruby, JavaNano, and
    Python) to proto3.
  * Various bug fixes since 3.0.0-alpha-1

  Python:
    Python has received several updates, most notably support for proto3
    semantics in any .proto file that declares syntax="proto3".
    Messages declared in proto3 files no longer represent field presence
    for scalar fields (number, enums, booleans, or strings).  You can
    no longer call HasField() for such fields, and they are serialized
    based on whether they have a non-zero/empty/false value.

    One other notable change is in the C++-accelerated implementation.
    Descriptor objects (which describe the protobuf schema and allow
    reflection over it) are no longer duplicated between the Python
    and C++ layers.  The Python descriptors are now simple wrappers
    around the C++ descriptors.  This change should significantly
    reduce the memory usage of programs that use a lot of message
    types.

  Ruby:
    We have added proto3 support for Ruby via a native C extension.

    The Ruby extension itself is included in the ruby/ directory, and details on
    building and installing the extension are in ruby/README.md. The extension
    will also be published as a Ruby gem. Code generator support is included as
    part of `protoc` with the `--ruby_out` flag.

    The Ruby extension implements a user-friendly DSL to define message types
    (also generated by the code generator from `.proto` files).  Once a message
    type is defined, the user may create instances of the message that behave in
    ways idiomatic to Ruby. For example:

    - Message fields are present as ordinary Ruby properties (getter method
      `foo` and setter method `foo=`).
    - Repeated field elements are stored in a container that acts like a native
      Ruby array, and map elements are stored in a container that acts like a
      native Ruby hashmap.
    - The usual well-known methods, such as `#to_s`, `#dup`, and the like, are
      present.

    Unlike several existing third-party Ruby extensions for protobuf, this
    extension is built on a "strongly-typed" philosophy: message fields and
    array/map containers will throw exceptions eagerly when values of the
    incorrect type are inserted.

    See ruby/README.md for details.

  JavaNano:
    JavaNano is a special code generator and runtime library designed especially
    for resource-restricted systems, like Android. It is very resource-friendly
    in both the amount of code and the runtime overhead. Here is an an overview
    of JavaNano features compared with the official Java protobuf:

    - No descriptors or message builders.
    - All messages are mutable; fields are public Java fields.
    - For optional fields only, encapsulation behind setter/getter/hazzer/
      clearer functions is opt-in, which provide proper 'has' state support.
    - For proto2, if not opted in, has state (field presence) is not available.
      Serialization outputs all fields not equal to their defaults.
      The behavior is consistent with proto3 semantics.
    - Required fields (proto2 only) are always serialized.
    - Enum constants are integers; protection against invalid values only
      when parsing from the wire.
    - Enum constants can be generated into container interfaces bearing
      the enum's name (so the referencing code is in Java style).
    - CodedInputByteBufferNano can only take byte[] (not InputStream).
    - Similarly CodedOutputByteBufferNano can only write to byte[].
    - Repeated fields are in arrays, not ArrayList or Vector. Null array
      elements are allowed and silently ignored.
    - Full support for serializing/deserializing repeated packed fields.
    - Support  extensions (in proto2).
    - Unset messages/groups are null, not an immutable empty default
      instance.
    - toByteArray(...) and mergeFrom(...) are now static functions of
      MessageNano.
    - The 'bytes' type translates to the Java type byte[].

    See javanano/README.txt for details.

2014-12-01 version 3.0.0-alpha-1 (C++/Java):

  General
  * Introduced Protocol Buffers language version 3 (aka proto3).

    When protobuf was initially opensourced it implemented Protocol Buffers
    language version 2 (aka proto2), which is why the version number
    started from v2.0.0. From v3.0.0, a new language version (proto3) is
    introduced while the old version (proto2) will continue to be supported.

    The main intent of introducing proto3 is to clean up protobuf before
    pushing the language as the foundation of Google's new API platform.
    In proto3, the language is simplified, both for ease of use and  to
    make it available in a wider range of programming languages. At the
    same time a few features are added to better support common idioms
    found in APIs.

    The following are the main new features in language version 3:

      1. Removal of field presence logic for primitive value fields, removal
         of required fields, and removal of default values. This makes proto3
         significantly easier to implement with open struct representations,
         as in languages like Android Java, Objective C, or Go.
      2. Removal of unknown fields.
      3. Removal of extensions, which are instead replaced by a new standard
         type called Any.
      4. Fix semantics for unknown enum values.
      5. Addition of maps.
      6. Addition of a small set of standard types for representation of time,
         dynamic data, etc.
      7. A well-defined encoding in JSON as an alternative to binary proto
         encoding.

    This release (v3.0.0-alpha-1) includes partial proto3 support for C++ and
    Java. Items 6 (well-known types) and 7 (JSON format) in the above feature
    list are not implemented.

    A new notion "syntax" is introduced to specify whether a .proto file
    uses proto2 or proto3:

      // foo.proto
      syntax = "proto3";
      message Bar {...}

    If omitted, the protocol compiler will generate a warning and "proto2" will
    be used as the default. This warning will be turned into an error in a
    future release.

    We recommend that new Protocol Buffers users use proto3. However, we do not
    generally recommend that existing users migrate from proto2 from proto3 due
    to API incompatibility, and we will continue to support proto2 for a long
    time.

  * Added support for map fields (implemented in C++/Java for both proto2 and
    proto3).

    Map fields can be declared using the following syntax:

      message Foo {
        map<string, string> values = 1;
      }

    Data of a map field will be stored in memory as an unordered map and it
    can be accessed through generated accessors.

  C++
  * Added arena allocation support (for both proto2 and proto3).

    Profiling shows memory allocation and deallocation constitutes a significant
    fraction of CPU-time spent in protobuf code and arena allocation is a
    technique introduced to reduce this cost. With arena allocation, new
    objects will be allocated from a large piece of preallocated memory and
    deallocation of these objects is almost free. Early adoption shows 20% to
    50% improvement in some Google binaries.

    To enable arena support, add the following option to your .proto file:

      option cc_enable_arenas = true;

    Protocol compiler will generate additional code to make the generated
    message classes work with arenas. This does not change the existing API
    of protobuf messages and does not affect wire format. Your existing code
    should continue to work after adding this option. In the future we will
    make this option enabled by default.

    To actually take advantage of arena allocation, you need to use the arena
    APIs when creating messages. A quick example of using the arena API:

      {
        google::protobuf::Arena arena;
        // Allocate a protobuf message in the arena.
        MyMessage* message = Arena::CreateMessage<MyMessage>(&arena);
        // All submessages will be allocated in the same arena.
        if (!message->ParseFromString(data)) {
          // Deal with malformed input data.
        }
        // Must not delete the message here. It will be deleted automatically
        // when the arena is destroyed.
      }

    Currently arena does not work with map fields. Enabling arena in a .proto
    file containing map fields will result in compile errors in the generated
    code. This will be addressed in a future release.

2014-10-20 version 2.6.1:

  C++
  * Added atomicops support for Solaris.
  * Released memory allocated by InitializeDefaultRepeatedFields() and
    GetEmptyString(). Some memory sanitizers reported them as memory leaks.

  Java
  * Updated DynamicMessage.setField() to handle repeated enum values
    correctly.
  * Fixed a bug that caused NullPointerException to be thrown when
    converting manually constructed FileDescriptorProto to
    FileDescriptor.

  Python
  * Fixed WhichOneof() to work with de-serialized protobuf messages.
  * Fixed a missing file problem of Python C++ implementation.

2014-08-15 version 2.6.0:

  General
  * Added oneofs(unions) feature. Fields in the same oneof will share
    memory and at most one field can be set at the same time. Use the
    oneof keyword to define a oneof like:
      message SampleMessage {
        oneof test_oneof {
          string name = 4;
          YourMessage sub_message = 9;
        }
      }
  * Files, services, enums, messages, methods and enum values can be marked
    as deprecated now.
  * Added Support for list values, including lists of messages, when
    parsing text-formatted protos in C++ and Java.
      For example:  foo: [1, 2, 3]

  C++
  * Enhanced customization on TestFormat printing.
  * Added SwapFields() in reflection API to swap a subset of fields.
    Added SetAllocatedMessage() in reflection API.
  * Repeated primitive extensions are now packable. The
    [packed=true] option only affects serializers. Therefore, it is
    possible to switch a repeated extension field to packed format
    without breaking backwards-compatibility.
  * Various speed optimizations.

  Java
  * writeTo() method in ByteString can now write a substring to an
    output stream. Added endWith() method for ByteString.
  * ByteString and ByteBuffer are now supported in CodedInputStream
    and CodedOutputStream.
  * java_generate_equals_and_hash can now be used with the LITE_RUNTIME.

  Python
  * A new C++-backed extension module (aka "cpp api v2") that replaces the
    old ("cpp api v1") one.  Much faster than the pure Python code.  This one
    resolves many bugs and is recommended for general use over the
    pure Python when possible.
  * Descriptors now have enum_types_by_name and extension_types_by_name dict
    attributes.
  * Support for Python 3.

2013-02-27 version 2.5.0:

  General
  * New notion "import public" that allows a proto file to forward the content
    it imports to its importers. For example,
      // foo.proto
      import public "bar.proto";
      import "baz.proto";

      // qux.proto
      import "foo.proto";
      // Stuff defined in bar.proto may be used in this file, but stuff from
      // baz.proto may NOT be used without importing it explicitly.
    This is useful for moving proto files. To move a proto file, just leave
    a single "import public" in the old proto file.
  * New enum option "allow_alias" that specifies whether different symbols can
    be assigned the same numeric value. Default value is "true". Setting it to
    false causes the compiler to reject enum definitions where multiple symbols
    have the same numeric value.
    Note: We plan to flip the default value to "false" in a future release.
    Projects using enum aliases should set the option to "true" in their .proto
    files.

  C++
  * New generated method set_allocated_foo(Type* foo) for message and string
    fields. This method allows you to set the field to a pre-allocated object
    and the containing message takes the ownership of that object.
  * Added SetAllocatedExtension() and ReleaseExtension() to extensions API.
  * Custom options are now formatted correctly when descriptors are printed in
    text format.
  * Various speed optimizations.

  Java
  * Comments in proto files are now collected and put into generated code as
    comments for corresponding classes and data members.
  * Added Parser to parse directly into messages without a Builder. For
    example,
      Foo foo = Foo.PARSER.ParseFrom(input);
    Using Parser is ~25% faster than using Builder to parse messages.
  * Added getters/setters to access the underlying ByteString of a string field
    directly.
  * ByteString now supports more operations: substring(), prepend(), and
    append(). The implementation of ByteString uses a binary tree structure
    to support these operations efficiently.
  * New method findInitializationErrors() that lists all missing required
    fields.
  * Various code size and speed optimizations.

  Python
  * Added support for dynamic message creation. DescriptorDatabase,
    DescriptorPool, and MessageFactory work like their C++ counterparts to
    simplify Descriptor construction from *DescriptorProtos, and MessageFactory
    provides a message instance from a Descriptor.
  * Added pickle support for protobuf messages.
  * Unknown fields are now preserved after parsing.
  * Fixed bug where custom options were not correctly populated. Custom
    options can be accessed now.
  * Added EnumTypeWrapper that provides better accessibility to enum types.
  * Added ParseMessage(descriptor, bytes) to generate a new Message instance
    from a descriptor and a byte string.

2011-05-01 version 2.4.1:

  C++
  * Fixed the friendship problem for old compilers to make the library now gcc 3
    compatible again.
  * Fixed vcprojects/extract_includes.bat to extract compiler/plugin.h.

  Java
  * Removed usages of JDK 1.6 only features to make the library now JDK 1.5
    compatible again.
  * Fixed a bug about negative enum values.
  * serialVersionUID is now defined in generated messages for java serializing.
  * Fixed protoc to use java.lang.Object, which makes "Object" now a valid
    message name again.

  Python
  * Experimental C++ implementation now requires C++ protobuf library installed.
    See the README.txt in the python directory for details.

2011-02-02 version 2.4.0:

  General
  * The RPC (cc|java|py)_generic_services default value is now false instead of
    true.
  * Custom options can have aggregate types. For example,
      message MyOption {
        optional string comment = 1;
        optional string author = 2;
      }
      extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
        optional MyOption myoption = 12345;
      }
    This option can now be set as follows:
      message SomeType {
        optional int32 field = 1 [(myoption) = { comment:'x' author:'y' }];
      }

  C++
  * Various speed and code size optimizations.
  * Added a release_foo() method on string and message fields.
  * Fixed gzip_output_stream sub-stream handling.

  Java
  * Builders now maintain sub-builders for sub-messages. Use getFooBuilder() to
    get the builder for the sub-message "foo". This allows you to repeatedly
    modify deeply-nested sub-messages without rebuilding them.
  * Builder.build() no longer invalidates the Builder for generated messages
    (You may continue to modify it and then build another message).
  * Code generator will generate efficient equals() and hashCode()
    implementations if new option java_generate_equals_and_hash is enabled.
    (Otherwise, reflection-based implementations are used.)
  * Generated messages now implement Serializable.
  * Fields with [deprecated=true] will be marked with @Deprecated in Java.
  * Added lazy conversion of UTF-8 encoded strings to String objects to improve
    performance.
  * Various optimizations.
  * Enum value can be accessed directly, instead of calling getNumber() on the
    enum member.
  * For each enum value, an integer constant is also generated with the suffix
    _VALUE.

  Python
  * Added an experimental  C++ implementation for Python messages via a Python
    extension. Implementation type is controlled by an environment variable
    PROTOCOL_BUFFERS_PYTHON_IMPLEMENTATION (valid values: "cpp" and "python")
    The default value is currently "python" but will be changed to "cpp" in
    future release.
  * Improved performance on message instantiation significantly.
    Most of the work on message instantiation is done just once per message
    class, instead of once per message instance.
  * Improved performance on text message parsing.
  * Allow add() to forward keyword arguments to the concrete class.
      E.g. instead of
        item = repeated_field.add()
        item.foo = bar
        item.baz = quux
      You can do:
        repeated_field.add(foo=bar, baz=quux)
  * Added a sort() interface to the BaseContainer.
  * Added an extend() method to repeated composite fields.
  * Added UTF8 debug string support.

2010-01-08 version 2.3.0:

  General
  * Parsers for repeated numeric fields now always accept both packed and
    unpacked input.  The [packed=true] option only affects serializers.
    Therefore, it is possible to switch a field to packed format without
    breaking backwards-compatibility -- as long as all parties are using
    protobuf 2.3.0 or above, at least.
  * The generic RPC service code generated by the C++, Java, and Python
    generators can be disabled via file options:
      option cc_generic_services = false;
      option java_generic_services = false;
      option py_generic_services = false;
    This allows plugins to generate alternative code, possibly specific to some
    particular RPC implementation.

  protoc
  * Now supports a plugin system for code generators.  Plugins can generate
    code for new languages or inject additional code into the output of other
    code generators.  Plugins are just binaries which accept a protocol buffer
    on stdin and write a protocol buffer to stdout, so they may be written in
    any language.  See src/google/protobuf/compiler/plugin.proto.
    **WARNING**:  Plugins are experimental.  The interface may change in a
    future version.
  * If the output location ends in .zip or .jar, protoc will write its output
    to a zip/jar archive instead of a directory.  For example:
      protoc --java_out=myproto_srcs.jar --python_out=myproto.zip myproto.proto
    Currently the archive contents are not compressed, though this could change
    in the future.
  * inf, -inf, and nan can now be used as default values for float and double
    fields.

  C++
  * Various speed and code size optimizations.
  * DynamicMessageFactory is now fully thread-safe.
  * Message::Utf8DebugString() method is like DebugString() but avoids escaping
    UTF-8 bytes.
  * Compiled-in message types can now contain dynamic extensions, through use
    of CodedInputStream::SetExtensionRegistry().
  * Now compiles shared libraries (DLLs) by default on Cygwin and MinGW, to
    match other platforms.  Use --disable-shared to avoid this.

  Java
  * parseDelimitedFrom() and mergeDelimitedFrom() now detect EOF and return
    false/null instead of throwing an exception.
  * Fixed some initialization ordering bugs.
  * Fixes for OpenJDK 7.

  Python
  * 10-25 times faster than 2.2.0, still pure-Python.
  * Calling a mutating method on a sub-message always instantiates the message
    in its parent even if the mutating method doesn't actually mutate anything
    (e.g. parsing from an empty string).
  * Expanded descriptors a bit.

2009-08-11 version 2.2.0:

  C++
  * Lite mode:  The "optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME" option causes the compiler
    to generate code which only depends libprotobuf-lite, which is much smaller
    than libprotobuf but lacks descriptors, reflection, and some other features.
  * Fixed bug where Message.Swap(Message) was only implemented for
    optimize_for_speed.  Swap now properly implemented in both modes
    (Issue 91).
  * Added RemoveLast and SwapElements(index1, index2) to Reflection
    interface for repeated elements.
  * Added Swap(Message) to Reflection interface.
  * Floating-point literals in generated code that are intended to be
    single-precision now explicitly have 'f' suffix to avoid pedantic warnings
    produced by some compilers.
  * The [deprecated=true] option now causes the C++ code generator to generate
    a GCC-style deprecation annotation (no-op on other compilers).
  * google::protobuf::GetEnumDescriptor<SomeGeneratedEnumType>() returns the
    EnumDescriptor for that type -- useful for templates which cannot call
    SomeGeneratedEnumType_descriptor().
  * Various optimizations and obscure bug fixes.

  Java
  * Lite mode:  The "optimize_for = LITE_RUNTIME" option causes the compiler
    to generate code which only depends libprotobuf-lite, which is much smaller
    than libprotobuf but lacks descriptors, reflection, and some other features.
  * Lots of style cleanups.

  Python
  * Fixed endianness bug with floats and doubles.
  * Text format parsing support.
  * Fix bug with parsing packed repeated fields in embedded messages.
  * Ability to initialize fields by passing keyword args to constructor.
  * Support iterators in extend and __setslice__ for containers.

2009-05-13 version 2.1.0:

  General
  * Repeated fields of primitive types (types other that string, group, and
    nested messages) may now use the option [packed = true] to get a more
    efficient encoding.  In the new encoding, the entire list is written
    as a single byte blob using the "length-delimited" wire type.  Within
    this blob, the individual values are encoded the same way they would
    be normally except without a tag before each value (thus, they are
    tightly "packed").
  * For each field, the generated code contains an integer constant assigned
    to the field number.  For example, the .proto file:
      message Foo { optional int bar_baz = 123; }
    would generate the following constants, all with the integer value 123:
      C++:     Foo::kBarBazFieldNumber
      Java:    Foo.BAR_BAZ_FIELD_NUMBER
      Python:  Foo.BAR_BAZ_FIELD_NUMBER
    Constants are also generated for extensions, with the same naming scheme.
    These constants may be used as switch cases.
  * Updated bundled Google Test to version 1.3.0.  Google Test is now bundled
    in its verbatim form as a nested autoconf package, so you can drop in any
    other version of Google Test if needed.
  * optimize_for = SPEED is now the default, by popular demand.  Use
    optimize_for = CODE_SIZE if code size is more important in your app.
  * It is now an error to define a default value for a repeated field.
    Previously, this was silently ignored (it had no effect on the generated
    code).
  * Fields can now be marked deprecated like:
      optional int32 foo = 1 [deprecated = true];
    Currently this does not have any actual effect, but in the future the code
    generators may generate deprecation annotations in each language.
  * Cross-compiling should now be possible using the --with-protoc option to
    configure.  See README.txt for more info.

  protoc
  * --error_format=msvs option causes errors to be printed in Visual Studio
    format, which should allow them to be clicked on in the build log to go
    directly to the error location.
  * The type name resolver will no longer resolve type names to fields.  For
    example, this now works:
      message Foo {}
      message Bar {
        optional int32 Foo = 1;
        optional Foo baz = 2;
      }
    Previously, the type of "baz" would resolve to "Bar.Foo", and you'd get
    an error because Bar.Foo is a field, not a type.  Now the type of "baz"
    resolves to the message type Foo.  This change is unlikely to make a
    difference to anyone who follows the Protocol Buffers style guide.

  C++
  * Several optimizations, including but not limited to:
    - Serialization, especially to flat arrays, is 10%-50% faster, possibly
      more for small objects.
    - Several descriptor operations which previously required locking no longer
      do.
    - Descriptors are now constructed lazily on first use, rather than at
      process startup time.  This should save memory in programs which do not
      use descriptors or reflection.
    - UnknownFieldSet completely redesigned to be more efficient (especially in
      terms of memory usage).
    - Various optimizations to reduce code size (though the serialization speed
      optimizations increased code size).
  * Message interface has method ParseFromBoundedZeroCopyStream() which parses
    a limited number of bytes from an input stream rather than parsing until
    EOF.
  * GzipInputStream and GzipOutputStream support reading/writing gzip- or
    zlib-compressed streams if zlib is available.
    (google/protobuf/io/gzip_stream.h)
  * DescriptorPool::FindAllExtensions() and corresponding
    DescriptorDatabase::FindAllExtensions() can be used to enumerate all
    extensions of a given type.
  * For each enum type Foo, protoc will generate functions:
      const string& Foo_Name(Foo value);
      bool Foo_Parse(const string& name, Foo* result);
    The former returns the name of the enum constant corresponding to the given
    value while the latter finds the value corresponding to a name.
  * RepeatedField and RepeatedPtrField now have back-insertion iterators.
  * String fields now have setters that take a char* and a size, in addition
    to the existing ones that took char* or const string&.
  * DescriptorPool::AllowUnknownDependencies() may be used to tell
    DescriptorPool to create placeholder descriptors for unknown entities
    referenced in a FileDescriptorProto.  This can allow you to parse a .proto
    file without having access to other .proto files that it imports, for
    example.
  * Updated gtest to latest version.  The gtest package is now included as a
    nested autoconf package, so it should be able to drop new versions into the
    "gtest" subdirectory without modification.

  Java
  * Fixed bug where Message.mergeFrom(Message) failed to merge extensions.
  * Message interface has new method toBuilder() which is equivalent to
    newBuilderForType().mergeFrom(this).
  * All enums now implement the ProtocolMessageEnum interface.
  * Setting a field to null now throws NullPointerException.
  * Fixed tendency for TextFormat's parsing to overflow the stack when
    parsing large string values.  The underlying problem is with Java's
    regex implementation (which unfortunately uses recursive backtracking
    rather than building an NFA).  Worked around by making use of possessive
    quantifiers.
  * Generated service classes now also generate pure interfaces.  For a service
    Foo, Foo.Interface is a pure interface containing all of the service's
    defined methods.  Foo.newReflectiveService() can be called to wrap an
    instance of this interface in a class that implements the generic
    RpcService interface, which provides reflection support that is usually
    needed by RPC server implementations.
  * RPC interfaces now support blocking operation in addition to non-blocking.
    The protocol compiler generates separate blocking and non-blocking stubs
    which operate against separate blocking and non-blocking RPC interfaces.
    RPC implementations will have to implement the new interfaces in order to
    support blocking mode.
  * New I/O methods parseDelimitedFrom(), mergeDelimitedFrom(), and
    writeDelimitedTo() read and write "delimited" messages from/to a stream,
    meaning that the message size precedes the data.  This way, you can write
    multiple messages to a stream without having to worry about delimiting
    them yourself.
  * Throw a more descriptive exception when build() is double-called.
  * Add a method to query whether CodedInputStream is at the end of the input
    stream.
  * Add a method to reset a CodedInputStream's size counter; useful when
    reading many messages with the same stream.
  * equals() and hashCode() now account for unknown fields.

  Python
  * Added slicing support for repeated scalar fields. Added slice retrieval and
    removal of repeated composite fields.
  * Updated RPC interfaces to allow for blocking operation.  A client may
    now pass None for a callback when making an RPC, in which case the
    call will block until the response is received, and the response
    object will be returned directly to the caller.  This interface change
    cannot be used in practice until RPC implementations are updated to
    implement it.
  * Changes to input_stream.py should make protobuf compatible with appengine.

2008-11-25 version 2.0.3:

  protoc
  * Enum values may now have custom options, using syntax similar to field
    options.
  * Fixed bug where .proto files which use custom options but don't actually
    define them (i.e. they import another .proto file defining the options)
    had to explicitly import descriptor.proto.
  * Adjacent string literals in .proto files will now be concatenated, like in
    C.
  * If an input file is a Windows absolute path (e.g. "C:\foo\bar.proto") and
    the import path only contains "." (or contains "." but does not contain
    the file), protoc incorrectly thought that the file was under ".", because
    it thought that the path was relative (since it didn't start with a slash).
    This has been fixed.

  C++
  * Generated message classes now have a Swap() method which efficiently swaps
    the contents of two objects.
  * All message classes now have a SpaceUsed() method which returns an estimate
    of the number of bytes of allocated memory currently owned by the object.
    This is particularly useful when you are reusing a single message object
    to improve performance but want to make sure it doesn't bloat up too large.
  * New method Message::SerializeAsString() returns a string containing the
    serialized data.  May be more convenient than calling
    SerializeToString(string*).
  * In debug mode, log error messages when string-type fields are found to
    contain bytes that are not valid UTF-8.
  * Fixed bug where a message with multiple extension ranges couldn't parse
    extensions.
  * Fixed bug where MergeFrom(const Message&) didn't do anything if invoked on
    a message that contained no fields (but possibly contained extensions).
  * Fixed ShortDebugString() to not be O(n^2).  Durr.
  * Fixed crash in TextFormat parsing if the first token in the input caused a
    tokenization error.
  * Fixed obscure bugs in zero_copy_stream_impl.cc.
  * Added support for HP C++ on Tru64.
  * Only build tests on "make check", not "make".
  * Fixed alignment issue that caused crashes when using DynamicMessage on
    64-bit Sparc machines.
  * Simplify template usage to work with MSVC 2003.
  * Work around GCC 4.3.x x86_64 compiler bug that caused crashes on startup.
    (This affected Fedora 9 in particular.)
  * Now works on "Solaris 10 using recent Sun Studio".

  Java
  * New overload of mergeFrom() which parses a slice of a byte array instead
    of the whole thing.
  * New method ByteString.asReadOnlyByteBuffer() does what it sounds like.
  * Improved performance of isInitialized() when optimizing for code size.

  Python
  * Corrected ListFields() signature in Message base class to match what
    subclasses actually implement.
  * Some minor refactoring.
  * Don't pass self as first argument to superclass constructor (no longer
    allowed in Python 2.6).

2008-09-29 version 2.0.2:

  General
  * License changed from Apache 2.0 to 3-Clause BSD.
  * It is now possible to define custom "options", which are basically
    annotations which may be placed on definitions in a .proto file.
    For example, you might define a field option called "foo" like so:
      import "google/protobuf/descriptor.proto"
      extend google.protobuf.FieldOptions {
        optional string foo = 12345;
      }
    Then you annotate a field using the "foo" option:
      message MyMessage {
        optional int32 some_field = 1 [(foo) = "bar"]
      }
    The value of this option is then visible via the message's
    Descriptor:
      const FieldDescriptor* field =
        MyMessage::descriptor()->FindFieldByName("some_field");
      assert(field->options().GetExtension(foo) == "bar");
    This feature has been implemented and tested in C++ and Java.
    Other languages may or may not need to do extra work to support
    custom options, depending on how they construct descriptors.

  C++
  * Fixed some GCC warnings that only occur when using -pedantic.
  * Improved static initialization code, making ordering more
    predictable among other things.
  * TextFormat will no longer accept messages which contain multiple
    instances of a singular field.  Previously, the latter instance
    would overwrite the former.
  * Now works on systems that don't have hash_map.

  Java
  * Print @Override annotation in generated code where appropriate.

  Python
  * Strings now use the "unicode" type rather than the "str" type.
    String fields may still be assigned ASCII "str" values; they will
    automatically be converted.
  * Adding a property to an object representing a repeated field now
    raises an exception.  For example:
      # No longer works (and never should have).
      message.some_repeated_field.foo = 1

  Windows
  * We now build static libraries rather than DLLs by default on MSVC.
    See vsprojects/readme.txt for more information.

2008-08-15 version 2.0.1:

  protoc
  * New flags --encode and --decode can be used to convert between protobuf text
    format and binary format from the command-line.
  * New flag --descriptor_set_out can be used to write FileDescriptorProtos for
    all parsed files directly into a single output file.  This is particularly
    useful if you wish to parse .proto files from programs written in languages
    other than C++: just run protoc as a background process and have it output
    a FileDescriptorList, then parse that natively.
  * Improved error message when an enum value's name conflicts with another
    symbol defined in the enum type's scope, e.g. if two enum types declared
    in the same scope have values with the same name.  This is disallowed for
    compatibility with C++, but this wasn't clear from the error.
  * Fixed absolute output paths on Windows.
  * Allow trailing slashes in --proto_path mappings.

  C++
  * Reflection objects are now per-class rather than per-instance.  To make this
    possible, the Reflection interface had to be changed such that all methods
    take the Message instance as a parameter.  This change improves performance
    significantly in memory-bandwidth-limited use cases, since it makes the
    message objects smaller.  Note that source-incompatible interface changes
    like this will not be made again after the library leaves beta.
  * Heuristically detect sub-messages when printing unknown fields.
  * Fix static initialization ordering bug that caused crashes at startup when
    compiling on Mac with static linking.
  * Fixed TokenizerTest when compiling with -DNDEBUG on Linux.
  * Fixed incorrect definition of kint32min.
  * Fix bytes type setter to work with byte sequences with embedded NULLs.
  * Other irrelevant tweaks.

  Java
  * Fixed UnknownFieldSet's parsing of varints larger than 32 bits.
  * Fixed TextFormat's parsing of "inf" and "nan".
  * Fixed TextFormat's parsing of comments.
  * Added info to Java POM that will be required when we upload the
    package to a Maven repo.

  Python
  * MergeFrom(message) and CopyFrom(message) are now implemented.
  * SerializeToString() raises an exception if the message is missing required
    fields.
  * Code organization improvements.
  * Fixed doc comments for RpcController and RpcChannel, which had somehow been
    swapped.
  * Fixed text_format_test on Windows where floating-point exponents sometimes
    contain extra zeros.
  * Fix Python service CallMethod() implementation.

  Other
  * Improved readmes.
  * VIM syntax highlighting improvements.

2008-07-07 version 2.0.0:

  * First public release.