Gitleaks is a SAST tool for detecting hardcoded secrets like passwords, api keys, and tokens in git repos. Gitleaks aims to be the easy-to-use, all-in-one solution for finding secrets, past or present, in your code.
- Scan for commited secrets
- Scan for unstaged secrets as part of shifting security left
- Scan directories and files
- Available Github Action
- Custom rules via toml configuration
- High performance using go-git
- JSON, SARIF, and CSV reporting
- Private repo scans using key or password based authentication
Written in Go, gitleaks is available in binary form for many popular platforms and OS types from the releases page. Alternatively, executed via Docker or it can be installed using Go directly.
brew install gitleaks
docker pull zricethezav/gitleaksGO111MODULE=on go get github.com/zricethezav/gitleaks/v7Usage:
gitleaks [OPTIONS]
Application Options:
-v, --verbose Show verbose output from scan
-r, --repo-url= Repository URL
-p, --path= Path to directory (repo if contains .git) or file
-c, --config-path= Path to config
--repo-config-path= Path to gitleaks config relative to repo root
--version Version number
--username= Username for git repo
--password= Password for git repo
--access-token= Access token for git repo
--threads= Maximum number of threads gitleaks spawns
--ssh-key= Path to ssh key used for auth
--unstaged Run gitleaks on unstaged code
--branch= Branch to scan
--redact Redact secrets from log messages and leaks
--debug Log debug messages
--no-git Treat git repos as plain directories and scan those
files
-o, --report= Report output path
-f, --format= JSON, CSV, SARIF (default: json)
--files-at-commit= Sha of commit to scan all files at commit
--commit= Sha of commit to scan or "latest" to scan the last
commit of the repository
--commits= Comma separated list of a commits to scan
--commits-file= Path to file of line separated list of commits to scan
--commit-from= Commit to start scan from
--commit-to= Commit to stop scan
--commit-since= Scan commits more recent than a specific date. Ex:
'2006-01-02' or '2006-01-02T15:04:05-0700' format.
--commit-until= Scan commits older than a specific date. Ex:
'2006-01-02' or '2006-01-02T15:04:05-0700' format.
--depth= Number of commits to scan
Help Options:
-h, --help Show this help message
This scans the entire history of tests/secrets and logs leaks as they are encountered -v/--verbose being set.
gitleaks --repo-url=https://github.com/my-insecure/repo -v
If we want the report in sarif or csv we can set the -f/--format option
gitleaks --repo-url=https://github.com/my-insecure/repo -v --report=my-report.json
gitleaks --repo-url=https://github.com/my-insecure/repo --commit=commit-sha -v
gitleaks --path=path/to/local/repo -v
If we had repo1, repo2, repo3 all under path/to/local, gitleaks will discover and scan those repos.
gitleaks --path=path/to/local/ -v
You might want to scan the current contents of a repo, ignoring git alltogether. You can use the --no-git option to do this.
gitleaks --path=path/to/local/repo -v --no-git
Or you might want to scan a single file using gitleaks rules. You can do this by specifying the file in --path and including the --no-git option.
gitleaks --path=path/to/local/repo/main.go -v --no-git
If you have unstaged changes are are currently at the root of the repo, you can run gitleaks with no --path or --repo-url specified which will run a scan on your uncommitted changes. Or if you want to specify a
path, you can run:
gitleaks --path=path/to/local/repo -v --unstaged
Provide your own gitleaks configurations with --config-path or --repo-config-path. The difference between the two is --config-path loads a local gitleaks config whereas --repo-config-path will load a configuration present in the repo you want to scan. For example, gitleaks --repo-config-path=".github/gitleaks.config".
The default configuration Gitleaks uses is located here. More configuration examples can be seen here. Configuration files contain a few different toml tables which will be explained below.
The rules are written in TOML as defined in TomlLoader struct, and can be summarized as:
[[rules]]
description = "a string describing one of many rule in this config"
regex = '''one-go-style-regex-for-this-rule'''
file = '''a-file-name-regex'''
path = '''a-file-path-regex'''
tags = ["tag","another tag"]
[[rules.entropies]] # note these are strings, not floats
Min = "3.5"
Max = "4.5"
Group = "1"
[rules.allowlist]
description = "a string"
files = ['''one-file-name-regex''']
commits = [ "commit-A", "commit-B"]
paths = ['''one-file-path-regex''']
regexes = ['''one-regex-within-the-already-matched-regex''']
[allowlist]
description = "a description string for a global allowlist config"
commits = [ "commit-A", "commit-B"]
files = [ '''file-regex-a''', '''file-regex-b''']
paths = [ '''path-regex-a''', '''path-regex-b''']
repos = [ '''repo-regex-a''', '''repo-regex-b''']
regexes = ['''one-regex-within-the-already-matched-regex''']
Regular expressions are NOT the full Perl set, so there are no look-aheads or look-behinds.
The first and most commonly edited array of tables is [[rules]]. This is where you can define your own custom rules for Gitleaks to use while scanning repos. Example keys/values within the [[rules]] table:
[[rules]]
description = "generic secret regex"
regex = '''secret(.{0,20})([0-9a-zA-Z-._{}$\/\+=]{20,120})'''
tags = ["secret", "example"]
We can also combine regular expressions AND entropy:
[[rules]]
description = "entropy and regex example"
regex = '''secret(.{0,20})['|"]([0-9a-zA-Z-._{}$\/\+=]{20,120})['|"]'''
[[rules.Entropies]]
Min = "4.5"
Max = "4.7"
Translating this rule to English, this rule states: "if we encounter a line of code that matches regex AND the line falls within the bounds of a Shannon entropy of 4.5 to 4.7, then the line must be a leak"
Let's compare two lines of code:
aws_secret='ABCDEF+c2L7yXeGvUyrPgYsDnWRRC1AYEXAMPLE'
and
aws_secret=os.getenv('AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY')
The first line of code is an example of a hardcoded secret being assigned to the variable aws_secret. The second line of code is an example of a secret being assigned via env variables to aws_secret. Both would be caught by the rule defined in example 2 but only the first line is actually a leak. Let's define a new rule that will capture only the first line of code. We can do this by combining regular expression groups and entropy.
[[rules]]
description = "entropy and regex example"
regex = '''secret(.{0,20})['|"]([0-9a-zA-Z-._{}$\/\+=]{20,120})['|"]'''
[[rules.Entropies]]
Min = "4.5"
Max = "4.7"
Group = "2"
Notice how we added Group = "2" to this rule. We can translate this rule to English: "if we encounter a line of code that matches regex AND the entropy of the second regex group falls within the bounds of a Shannon entropy of 4.5 to 4.7, then the line must be a leak"
The proper Perl regex for AWS secret keys is
(?<![A-Za-z0-9\\+])[A-Za-z0-9\\+=]{40}(?![A-Za-z0-9\\+=])
but the Go library doesn't do lookahead/lookbehind, so
we'll look for 40 base64 characters, then allowlist
if they're embedded in a string of 41 base64 characters, that is,
without any delimiters. This will make a false negative for, say:
foo=+awsSecretAccessKeyisBase64=40characters
So you can use the following to effectively create the proper Perl regex:
[[rules]]
description = "AWS secret key regardless of labeling"
regex = '''.?[A-Za-z0-9\\+=]{40}.?'''
[rules.allowlist]
description = "41 base64 characters is not an AWS secret key"
regexes = ['''[A-Za-z0-9\\+=]{41}''']
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