# Redis configuration file example.

#

# Note that in order to read the configuration file, Redis must be

# started with the file path as first argument:

#

# ./redis-server /path/to/redis.conf

# Note on units: when memory size is needed, it is possible to specify

# it in the usual form of 1k 5GB 4M and so forth:

#

# 1k => 1000 bytes

# 1kb => 1024 bytes

# 1m => 1000000 bytes

# 1mb => 1024*1024 bytes

# 1g => 1000000000 bytes

# 1gb => 1024*1024*1024 bytes

#

# units are case insensitive so 1GB 1Gb 1gB are all the same.

################################## INCLUDES ###################################

# Include one or more other config files here. This is useful if you

# have a standard template that goes to all Redis servers but also need

# to customize a few per-server settings. Include files can include

# other files, so use this wisely.

#

# Note that option "include" won't be rewritten by command "CONFIG REWRITE"

# from admin or Redis Sentinel. Since Redis always uses the last processed

# line as value of a configuration directive, you'd better put includes

# at the beginning of this file to avoid overwriting config change at runtime.

#

# If instead you are interested in using includes to override configuration

# options, it is better to use include as the last line.

#

# include /path/to/local.conf

# include /path/to/other.conf

################################## MODULES #####################################

# Load modules at startup. If the server is not able to load modules

# it will abort. It is possible to use multiple loadmodule directives.

#

# loadmodule /path/to/my_module.so

# loadmodule /path/to/other_module.so

################################## NETWORK #####################################

# By default, if no "bind" configuration directive is specified, Redis listens

# for connections from all available network interfaces on the host machine.

# It is possible to listen to just one or multiple selected interfaces using

# the "bind" configuration directive, followed by one or more IP addresses.

#

# Examples:

#

# bind 192.168.1.100 10.0.0.1

# bind 127.0.0.1 ::1

#

# ~~~ WARNING ~~~ If the computer running Redis is directly exposed to the

# internet, binding to all the interfaces is dangerous and will expose the

# instance to everybody on the internet. So by default we uncomment the

# following bind directive, that will force Redis to listen only on the

# IPv4 loopback interface address (this means Redis will only be able to

# accept client connections from the same host that it is running on).

#

# IF YOU ARE SURE YOU WANT YOUR INSTANCE TO LISTEN TO ALL THE INTERFACES

# JUST COMMENT OUT THE FOLLOWING LINE.

# ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

bind 0.0.0.0 ::1

# Protected mode is a layer of security protection, in order to avoid that

# Redis instances left open on the internet are accessed and exploited.

#

# When protected mode is on and if:

#

# 1) The server is not binding explicitly to a set of addresses using the

# "bind" directive.

# 2) No password is configured.

#

# The server only accepts connections from clients connecting from the

# IPv4 and IPv6 loopback addresses 127.0.0.1 and ::1, and from Unix domain

# sockets.

#

# By default protected mode is enabled. You should disable it only if

# you are sure you want clients from other hosts to connect to Redis

# even if no authentication is configured, nor a specific set of interfaces

# are explicitly listed using the "bind" directive.

protected-mode yes

# Accept connections on the specified port, default is 6379 (IANA #815344).

# If port 0 is specified Redis will not listen on a TCP socket.

port 6379

# TCP listen() backlog.

#

# In high requests-per-second environments you need a high backlog in order

# to avoid slow clients connection issues. Note that the Linux kernel

# will silently truncate it to the value of /proc/sys/net/core/somaxconn so

# make sure to raise both the value of somaxconn and tcp_max_syn_backlog

# in order to get the desired effect.

tcp-backlog 511

# Unix socket.

#

# Specify the path for the Unix socket that will be used to listen for

# incoming connections. There is no default, so Redis will not listen

# on a unix socket when not specified.

#

# unixsocket /var/run/redis/redis-server.sock

# unixsocketperm 700

# Close the connection after a client is idle for N seconds (0 to disable)

timeout 0

# TCP keepalive.

#

# If non-zero, use SO_KEEPALIVE to send TCP ACKs to clients in absence

# of communication. This is useful for two reasons:

#

# 1) Detect dead peers.

# 2) Force network equipment in the middle to consider the connection to be

# alive.

#

# On Linux, the specified value (in seconds) is the period used to send ACKs.

# Note that to close the connection the double of the time is needed.

# On other kernels the period depends on the kernel configuration.

#

# A reasonable value for this option is 300 seconds, which is the new

# Redis default starting with Redis 3.2.1.

tcp-keepalive 300

################################# TLS/SSL #####################################

# By default, TLS/SSL is disabled. To enable it, the "tls-port" configuration

# directive can be used to define TLS-listening ports. To enable TLS on the

# default port, use:

#

# port 0

# tls-port 6379

# Configure a X.509 certificate and private key to use for authenticating the

# server to connected clients, masters or cluster peers. These files should be

# PEM formatted.

#

# tls-cert-file redis.crt

# tls-key-file redis.key

# Configure a DH parameters file to enable Diffie-Hellman (DH) key exchange:

#

# tls-dh-params-file redis.dh

# Configure a CA certificate(s) bundle or directory to authenticate TLS/SSL

# clients and peers. Redis requires an explicit configuration of at least one

# of these, and will not implicitly use the system wide configuration.

#

# tls-ca-cert-file ca.crt

# tls-ca-cert-dir /etc/ssl/certs

# By default, clients (including replica servers) on a TLS port are required

# to authenticate using valid client side certificates.

#

# If "no" is specified, client certificates are not required and not accepted.

# If "optional" is specified, client certificates are accepted and must be

# valid if provided, but are not required.

#

# tls-auth-clients no

# tls-auth-clients optional

# By default, a Redis replica does not attempt to establish a TLS connection

# with its master.

#

# Use the following directive to enable TLS on replication links.

#

# tls-replication yes

# By default, the Redis Cluster bus uses a plain TCP connection. To enable

# TLS for the bus protocol, use the following directive:

#

# tls-cluster yes

# Explicitly specify TLS versions to support. Allowed values are case insensitive

# and include "TLSv1", "TLSv1.1", "TLSv1.2", "TLSv1.3" (OpenSSL >= 1.1.1) or

# any combination. To enable only TLSv1.2 and TLSv1.3, use:

#

# tls-protocols "TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3"

# Configure allowed ciphers. See the ciphers(1ssl) manpage for more information

# about the syntax of this string.

#

# Note: this configuration applies only to <= TLSv1.2.

#

# tls-ciphers DEFAULT:!MEDIUM

# Configure allowed TLSv1.3 ciphersuites. See the ciphers(1ssl) manpage for more

# information about the syntax of this string, and specifically for TLSv1.3

# ciphersuites.

#

# tls-ciphersuites TLS_CHACHA20_POLY1305_SHA256

# When choosing a cipher, use the server's preference instead of the client

# preference. By default, the server follows the client's preference.

#

# tls-prefer-server-ciphers yes

# By default, TLS session caching is enabled to allow faster and less expensive

# reconnections by clients that support it. Use the following directive to disable

# caching.

#

# tls-session-caching no

# Change the default number of TLS sessions cached. A zero value sets the cache

# to unlimited size. The default size is 20480.

#

# tls-session-cache-size 5000

# Change the default timeout of cached TLS sessions. The default timeout is 300

# seconds.

#

# tls-session-cache-timeout 60

################################# GENERAL #####################################

# By default Redis does not run as a daemon. Use 'yes' if you need it.

# Note that Redis will write a pid file in /var/run/redis.pid when daemonized.

# daemonize yes

# If you run Redis from upstart or systemd, Redis can interact with your

# supervision tree. Options:

# supervised no - no supervision interaction

# supervised upstart - signal upstart by putting Redis into SIGSTOP mode

# requires "expect stop" in your upstart job config

# supervised systemd - signal systemd by writing READY=1 to $NOTIFY_SOCKET

# supervised auto - detect upstart or systemd method based on

# UPSTART_JOB or NOTIFY_SOCKET environment variables

# Note: these supervision methods only signal "process is ready."

# They do not enable continuous pings back to your supervisor.

supervised no

# If a pid file is specified, Redis writes it where specified at startup

# and removes it at exit.

#

# When the server runs non daemonized, no pid file is created if none is

# specified in the configuration. When the server is daemonized, the pid file

# is used even if not specified, defaulting to "/var/run/redis.pid".

#

# Creating a pid file is best effort: if Redis is not able to create it

# nothing bad happens, the server will start and run normally.

# pidfile /var/run/redis/redis-server.pid

# Specify the server verbosity level.

# This can be one of:

# debug (a lot of information, useful for development/testing)

# verbose (many rarely useful info, but not a mess like the debug level)

# notice (moderately verbose, what you want in production probably)

# warning (only very important / critical messages are logged)

loglevel notice

# Specify the log file name. Also the empty string can be used to force

# Redis to log on the standard output. Note that if you use standard

# output for logging but daemonize, logs will be sent to /dev/null

# logfile /var/log/redis/redis-server.log

# To enable logging to the system logger, just set 'syslog-enabled' to yes,

# and optionally update the other syslog parameters to suit your needs.

# syslog-enabled no

# Specify the syslog identity.

# syslog-ident redis

# Specify the syslog facility. Must be USER or between LOCAL0-LOCAL7.

# syslog-facility local0

# Set the number of databases. The default database is DB 0, you can select

# a different one on a per-connection basis using SELECT <dbid> where

# dbid is a number between 0 and 'databases'-1

databases 16

# By default Redis shows an ASCII art logo only when started to log to the

# standard output and if the standard output is a TTY. Basically this means

# that normally a logo is displayed only in interactive sessions.

#

# However it is possible to force the pre-4.0 behavior and always show a

# ASCII art logo in startup logs by setting the following option to yes.

always-show-logo yes

################################ SNAPSHOTTING ################################

#

# Save the DB on disk:

#

# save <seconds> <changes>

#

# Will save the DB if both the given number of seconds and the given

# number of write operations against the DB occurred.

#

# In the example below the behavior will be to save:

# after 900 sec (15 min) if at least 1 key changed

# after 300 sec (5 min) if at least 10 keys changed

# after 60 sec if at least 10000 keys changed

#

# Note: you can disable saving completely by commenting out all "save" lines.

#

# It is also possible to remove all the previously configured save

# points by adding a save directive with a single empty string argument

# like in the following example:

#

# save ""

save 900 1

save 300 10

save 60 10000

# By default Redis will stop accepting writes if RDB snapshots are enabled

# (at least one save point) and the latest background save failed.

# This will make the user aware (in a hard way) that data is not persisting

# on disk properly, otherwise chances are that no one will notice and some

# disaster will happen.

#

# If the background saving process will start working again Redis will

# automatically allow writes again.

#

# However if you have setup your proper monitoring of the Redis server

# and persistence, you may want to disable this feature so that Redis will

# continue to work as usual even if there are problems with disk,

# permissions, and so forth.

stop-writes-on-bgsave-error yes

# Compress string objects using LZF when dump .rdb databases?

# By default compression is enabled as it's almost always a win.

# If you want to save some CPU in the saving child set it to 'no' but

# the dataset will likely be bigger if you have compressible values or keys.

rdbcompression yes

# Since version 5 of RDB a CRC64 checksum is placed at the end of the file.

# This makes the format more resistant to corruption but there is a performance

# hit to pay (around 10%) when saving and loading RDB files, so you can disable it

# for maximum performances.

#

# RDB files created with checksum disabled have a checksum of zero that will

# tell the loading code to skip the check.

rdbchecksum yes

# The filename where to dump the DB

dbfilename dump.rdb

# Remove RDB files used by replication in instances without persistence

# enabled. By default this option is disabled, however there are environments

# where for regulations or other security concerns, RDB files persisted on

# disk by masters in order to feed replicas, or stored on disk by replicas

# in order to load them for the initial synchronization, should be deleted

# ASAP. Note that this option ONLY WORKS in instances that have both AOF

# and RDB persistence disabled, otherwise is completely ignored.

#

# An alternative (and sometimes better) way to obtain the same effect is

# to use diskless replication on both master and replicas instances. However

# in the case of replicas, diskless is not always an option.

rdb-del-sync-files no

# The working directory.

#

# The DB will be written inside this directory, with the filename specified

# above using the 'dbfilename' configuration directive.

#

# The Append Only File will also be created inside this directory.

#

# Note that you must specify a directory here, not a file name.

# dir /var/lib/redis

################################# REPLICATION #################################

# Master-Replica replication. Use replicaof to make a Redis instance a copy of

# another Redis server. A few things to understand ASAP about Redis replication.

#

# +------------------+ +---------------+

# | Master | ---> | Replica |

# | (receive writes) | | (exact copy) |

# +------------------+ +---------------+

#

# 1) Redis replication is asynchronous, but you can configure a master to

# stop accepting writes if it appears to be not connected with at least

# a given number of replicas.

# 2) Redis replicas are able to perform a partial resynchronization with the

# master if the replication link is lost for a relatively small amount of

# time. You may want to configure the replication backlog size (see the next

# sections of this file) with a sensible value depending on your needs.

# 3) Replication is automatic and does not need user intervention. After a

# network partition replicas automatically try to reconnect to masters

# and resynchronize with them.

#

# replicaof <masterip> <masterport>

# If the master is password protected (using the "requirepass" configuration

# directive below) it is possible to tell the replica to authenticate before

# starting the replication synchronization process, otherwise the master will

# refuse the replica request.

#

# masterauth <master-password>

#

# However this is not enough if you are using Redis ACLs (for Redis version

# 6 or greater), and the default user is not capable of running the PSYNC

# command and/or other commands needed for replication. In this case it's

# better to configure a special user to use with replication, and specify the

# masteruser configuration as such:

#

# masteruser <username>

#

# When masteruser is specified, the replica will authenticate against its

# master using the new AUTH form: AUTH <username> <password>.

# When a replica loses its connection with the master, or when the replication

# is still in progress, the replica can act in two different ways:

#

# 1) if replica-serve-stale-data is set to 'yes' (the default) the replica will

# still reply to client requests, possibly with out of date data, or the

# data set may just be empty if this is the first synchronization.

#

# 2) If replica-serve-stale-data is set to 'no' the replica will reply with

# an error "SYNC with master in progress" to all commands except:

# INFO, REPLICAOF, AUTH, PING, SHUTDOWN, REPLCONF, ROLE, CONFIG, SUBSCRIBE,

# UNSUBSCRIBE, PSUBSCRIBE, PUNSUBSCRIBE, PUBLISH, PUBSUB, COMMAND, POST,

# HOST and LATENCY.

#

replica-serve-stale-data yes

# You can configure a replica instance to accept writes or not. Writing against

# a replica instance may be useful to store some ephemeral data (because data

# written on a replica will be easily deleted after resync with the master) but

# may also cause problems if clients are writing to it because of a

# misconfiguration.

#

# Since Redis 2.6 by default replicas are read-only.

#

# Note: read only replicas are not designed to be exposed to untrusted clients

# on the internet. It's just a protection layer against misuse of the instance.

# Still a read only replica exports by default all the administrative commands

# such as CONFIG, DEBUG, and so forth. To a limited extent you can improve

# security of read only replicas using 'rename-command' to shadow all the

# administrative / dangerous commands.

replica-read-only yes

# Replication SYNC strategy: disk or socket.

#

# New replicas and reconnecting replicas that are not able to continue the

# replication process just receiving differences, need to do what is called a

# "full synchronization". An RDB file is transmitted from the master to the

# replicas.

#

# The transmission can happen in two different ways:

#

# 1) Disk-backed: The Redis master creates a new process that writes the RDB

# file on disk. Later the file is transferred by the parent

# process to the replicas incrementally.

# 2) Diskless: The Redis master creates a new process that directly writes the

# RDB file to replica sockets, without touching the disk at all.

#

# With disk-backed replication, while the RDB file is generated, more replicas

# can be queued and served with the RDB file as soon as the current child

# producing the RDB file finishes its work. With diskless replication instead

# once the transfer starts, new replicas arriving will be queued and a new

# transfer will start when the current one terminates.

#

# When diskless replication is used, the master waits a configurable amount of

# time (in seconds) before starting the transfer in the hope that multiple

# replicas will arrive and the transfer can be parallelized.

#

# With slow disks and fast (large bandwidth) networks, diskless replication

# works better.

repl-diskless-sync no

# When diskless replication is enabled, it is possible to configure the delay

# the server waits in order to spawn the child that transfers the RDB via socket

# to the replicas.

#

# This is important since once the transfer starts, it is not possible to serve

# new replicas arriving, that will be queued for the next RDB transfer, so the

# server waits a delay in order to let more replicas arrive.

#

# The delay is specified in seconds, and by default is 5 seconds. To disable

# it entirely just set it to 0 seconds and the transfer will start ASAP.

repl-diskless-sync-delay 5

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

# WARNING: RDB diskless load is experimental. Since in this setup the replica

# does not immediately store an RDB on disk, it may cause data loss during

# failovers. RDB diskless load + Redis modules not handling I/O reads may also

# cause Redis to abort in case of I/O errors during the initial synchronization

# stage with the master. Use only if your do what you are doing.

# -----------------------------------------------------------------------------

#

# Replica can load the RDB it reads from the replication link directly from the

# socket, or store the RDB to a file and read that file after it was completely

# received from the master.

#

# In many cases the disk is slower than the network, and storing and loading

# the RDB file may increase replication time (and even increase the master's

# Copy on Write memory and salve buffers).

# However, parsing the RDB file directly from the socket may mean that we have

# to flush the contents of the current database before the full rdb was

# received. For this reason we have the following options:

#

# "disabled" - Don't use diskless load (store the rdb file to the disk first)

# "on-empty-db" - Use diskless load only when it is completely safe.

# "swapdb" - Keep a copy of the current db contents in RAM while parsing

# the data directly from the socket. note that this requires

# sufficient memory, if you don't have it, you risk an OOM kill.

repl-diskless-load disabled

# Replicas send PINGs to server in a predefined interval. It's possible to

# change this interval with the repl_ping_replica_period option. The default

# value is 10 seconds.

#

# repl-ping-replica-period 10

# The following option sets the replication timeout for:

#

# 1) Bulk transfer I/O during SYNC, from the point of view of replica.

# 2) Master timeout from the point of view of replicas (data, pings).

# 3) Replica timeout from the point of view of masters (REPLCONF ACK pings).

#

# It is important to make sure that this value is greater than the value

# specified for repl-ping-replica-period otherwise a timeout will be detected

# every time there is low traffic between the master and the replica. The default

# value is 60 seconds.

#

# repl-timeout 60

# Disable TCP_NODELAY on the replica socket after SYNC?

#

# If you select "yes" Redis will use a smaller number of TCP packets and

# less bandwidth to send data to replicas. But this can add a delay for

# the data to appear on the replica side, up to 40 milliseconds with

# Linux kernels using a default configuration.

#

# If you select "no" the delay for data to appear on the replica side will

# be reduced but more bandwidth will be used for replication.

#

# By default we optimize for low latency, but in very high traffic conditions

# or when the master and replicas are many hops away, turning this to "yes" may

# be a good idea.

repl-disable-tcp-nodelay no

# Set the replication backlog size. The backlog is a buffer that accumulates

# replica data when replicas are disconnected for some time, so that when a

# replica wants to reconnect again, often a full resync is not needed, but a

# partial resync is enough, just passing the portion of data the replica

# missed while disconnected.

#

# The bigger the replication backlog, the longer the replica can endure the

# disconnect and later be able to perform a partial resynchronization.

#

# The backlog is only allocated if there is at least one replica connected.

#

# repl-backlog-size 1mb

# After a master has no connected replicas for some time, the backlog will be

# freed. The following option configures the amount of seconds that need to

# elapse, starting from the time the last replica disconnected, for the backlog

# buffer to be freed.

#

# Note that replicas never free the backlog for timeout, since they may be

# promoted to masters later, and should be able to correctly "partially

# resynchronize" with other replicas: hence they should always accumulate backlog.

#

# A value of 0 means to never release the backlog.

#

# repl-backlog-ttl 3600

# The replica priority is an integer number published by Redis in the INFO

# output. It is used by Redis Sentinel in order to select a replica to promote

# into a master if the master is no longer working correctly.

#

# A replica with a low priority number is considered better for promotion, so

# for instance if there are three replicas with priority 10, 100, 25 Sentinel

# will pick the one with priority 10, that is the lowest.

#

# However a special priority of 0 marks the replica as not able to perform the

# role of master, so a replica with priority of 0 will never be selected by

# Redis Sentinel for promotion.

#

# By default the priority is 100.

replica-priority 100

# It is possible for a master to stop accepting writes if there are less than

# N replicas connected, having a lag less or equal than M seconds.

#

# The N replicas need to be in "online" state.

#

# The lag in seconds, that must be <= the specified value, is calculated from

# the last ping received from the replica, that is usually sent every second.

#

# This option does not GUARANTEE that N replicas will accept the write, but

# will limit the window of exposure for lost writes in case not enough replicas

# are available, to the specified number of seconds.

#

# For example to require at least 3 replicas with a lag <= 10 seconds use:

#

# min-replicas-to-write 3

# min-replicas-max-lag 10

#

# Setting one or the other to 0 disables the feature.

#

# By default min-replicas-to-write is set to 0 (feature disabled) and

# min-replicas-max-lag is set to 10.

# A Redis master is able to list the address and port of the attached

# replicas in different ways. For example the "INFO replication" section

# offers this information, which is used, among other tools, by

# Redis Sentinel in order to discover replica instances.

# Another place where this info is available is in the output of the

# "ROLE" command of a master.

#

# The listed IP address and port normally reported by a replica is

# obtained in the following way:

#

# IP: The address is auto detected by checking the peer address

# of the socket used by the replica to connect with the master.

#

# Port: The port is communicated by the replica during the replication

# handshake, and is normally the port that the replica is using to

# listen for connections.

#

# However when port forwarding or Network Address Translation (NAT) is

# used, the replica may actually be reachable via different IP and port

# pairs. The following two options can be used by a replica in order to

# report to its master a specific set of IP and port, so that both INFO

# and ROLE will report those values.

#

# There is no need to use both the options if you need to override just

# the port or the IP address.

#

# replica-announce-ip 5.5.5.5

# replica-announce-port 1234

############################### KEYS TRACKING #################################

# Redis implements server assisted support for client side caching of values.

# This is implemented using an invalidation table that remembers, using

# 16 millions of slots, what clients may have certain subsets of keys. In turn

# this is used in order to send invalidation messages to clients. Please

# check this page to understand more about the feature:

#

# https://redis.io/topics/client-side-caching

#

# When tracking is enabled for a client, all the read only queries are assumed

# to be cached: this will force Redis to store information in the invalidation

# table. When keys are modified, such information is flushed away, and

# invalidation messages are sent to the clients. However if the workload is

# heavily dominated by reads, Redis could use more and more memory in order

# to track the keys fetched by many clients.

#

# For this reason it is possible to configure a maximum fill value for the

# invalidation table. By default it is set to 1M of keys, and once this limit

# is reached, Redis will start to evict keys in the invalidation table

# even if they were not modified, just to reclaim memory: this will in turn

# force the clients to invalidate the cached values. Basically the table

# maximum size is a trade off between the memory you want to spend server

# side to track information about who cached what, and the ability of clients

# to retain cached objects in memory.

#

# If you set the value to 0, it means there are no limits, and Redis will

# retain as many keys as needed in the invalidation table.

# In the "stats" INFO section, you can find information about the number of

# keys in the invalidation table at every given moment.

#

# Note: when key tracking is used in broadcasting mode, no memory is used

# in the server side so this setting is useless.

#

# tracking-table-max-keys 1000000

################################## SECURITY ###################################

# Warning: since Redis is pretty fast, an outside user can try up to

# 1 million passwords per second against a modern box. This means that you

# should use very strong passwords, otherwise they will be very easy to break.

# Note that because the password is really a shared secret between the client

# and the server, and should not be memorized by any human, the password

# can be easily a long string from /dev/urandom or whatever, so by using a

# long and unguessable password no brute force attack will be possible.

# Redis ACL users are defined in the following format:

#

# user <username> ... acl rules ...

#

# For example:

#

# user worker +@list +@connection ~jobs:* on >ffa9203c493aa99

#

# The special username "default" is used for new connections. If this user

# has the "nopass" rule, then new connections will be immediately authenticated

# as the "default" user without the need of any password provided via the

# AUTH command. Otherwise if the "default" user is not flagged with "nopass"

# the connections will start in not authenticated state, and will require

# AUTH (or the HELLO command AUTH option) in order to be authenticated and

# start to work.

#

# The ACL rules that describe what a user can do are the following:

#

# on Enable the user: it is possible to authenticate as this user.

# off Disable the user: it's no longer possible to authenticate

# with this user, however the already authenticated connections

# will still work.

# +<command> Allow the execution of that command

# -<command> Disallow the execution of that command

# +@<category> Allow the execution of all the commands in such category

# with valid categories are like @admin, @set, @sortedset, ...

# and so forth, see the full list in the server.c file where

# the Redis command table is described and defined.

# The special category @all means all the commands, but currently

# present in the server, and that will be loaded in the future

# via modules.

# +<command>|subcommand Allow a specific subcommand of an otherwise

# disabled command. Note that this form is not

# allowed as negative like -DEBUG|SEGFAULT, but

# only additive starting with "+".

# allcommands Alias for +@all. Note that it implies the ability to execute

# all the future commands loaded via the modules system.

# nocommands Alias for -@all.

# ~<pattern> Add a pattern of keys that can be mentioned as part of

# commands. For instance ~* allows all the keys. The pattern

# is a glob-style pattern like the one of KEYS.

# It is possible to specify multiple patterns.

# allkeys Alias for ~*

# resetkeys Flush the list of allowed keys patterns.

# ><password> Add this password to the list of valid password for the user.

# For example >mypass will add "mypass" to the list.

# This directive clears the "nopass" flag (see later).

# <<password> Remove this password from the list of valid passwords.

# nopass All the set passwords of the user are removed, and the user

# is flagged as requiring no password: it means that every

# password will work against this user. If this directive is

# used for the default user, every new connection will be

# immediately authenticated with the default user without

# any explicit AUTH command required. Note that the "resetpass"

# directive will clear this condition.

# resetpass Flush the list of allowed passwords. Moreover removes the

# "nopass" status. After "resetpass" the user has no associated

# passwords and there is no way to authenticate without adding

# some password (or setting it as "nopass" later).

# reset Performs the following actions: resetpass, resetkeys, off,

# -@all. The user returns to the same state it has immediately

# after its creation.

#

# ACL rules can be specified in any order: for instance you can start with

# passwords, then flags, or key patterns. However note that the additive

# and subtractive rules will CHANGE MEANING depending on the ordering.

# For instance see the following example:

#

# user alice on +@all -DEBUG ~* >somepassword

#

# This will allow "alice" to use all the commands with the exception of the

# DEBUG command, since +@all added all the commands to the set of the commands

# alice can use, and later DEBUG was removed. However if we invert the order

# of two ACL rules the result will be different:

#

# user alice on -DEBUG +@all ~* >somepassword

#

# Now DEBUG was removed when alice had yet no commands in the set of allowed

# commands, later all the commands are added, so the user will be able to

# execute everything.

#

# Basically ACL rules are processed left-to-right.

#

# For more information about ACL configuration please refer to

# the Redis web site at https://redis.io/topics/acl

# ACL LOG

#

# The ACL Log tracks failed commands and authentication events associated

# with ACLs. The ACL Log is useful to troubleshoot failed commands blocked

# by ACLs. The ACL Log is stored in memory. You can reclaim memory with

# ACL LOG RESET. Define the maximum entry length of the ACL Log below.

acllog-max-len 128

# Using an external ACL file

#

# Instead of configuring users here in this file, it is possible to use

# a stand-alone file just listing users. The two methods cannot be mixed:

# if you configure users here and at the same time you activate the external

# ACL file, the server will refuse to start.

#

# The format of the external ACL user file is exactly the same as the

# format that is used inside redis.conf to describe users.

#

# aclfile /etc/redis/users.acl

# IMPORTANT NOTE: starting with Redis 6 "requirepass" is just a compatibility

# layer on top of the new ACL system. The option effect will be just setting

# the password for the default user. Clients will still authenticate using

# AUTH <password> as usually, or more explicitly with AUTH default <password>

# if they follow the new protocol: both will work.

#

requirepass 123456

# Command renaming (DEPRECATED).

#

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------

# WARNING: avoid using this option if possible. Instead use ACLs to remove

# commands from the default user, and put them only in some admin user you

# create for administrative purposes.

# ------------------------------------------------------------------------

#

# It is possible to change the name of dangerous commands in a shared

# environment. For instance the CONFIG command may be renamed into something

# hard to guess so that it will still be available for internal-use tools

# but not available for general clients.

#

# Example:

#

# rename-command CONFIG b840fc02d524045429941cc15f59e41cb7be6c52

#

# It is also possible to completely kill a command by renaming it into

# an empty string:

#

# rename-command CONFIG ""

#

# Please note that changing the name of commands that are logged into the

# AOF file or transmitted to replicas may cause problems.

################################### CLIENTS ####################################

# Set the max number of connected clients at the same time. By default

# this limit is set to 10000 clients, however if the Redis server is not

# able to configure the process file limit to allow for the specified limit

# the max number of allowed clients is set to the current file limit

# minus 32 (as Redis reserves a few file descriptors for internal uses).

#

# Once the limit is reached Redis will close all the new connections sending

# an error 'max number of clients reached'.

#

# IMPORTANT: When Redis Cluster is used, the max number of connections is also

# shared with the cluster bus: every node in the cluster will use two

# connections, one incoming and another outgoing. It is important to size the

# limit accordingly in case of very large clusters.

#

# maxclients 10000

############################## MEMORY MANAGEMENT ################################

# Set a memory usage limit to the specified amount of bytes.

# When the memory limit is reached Redis will try to remove keys

# according to the eviction policy selected (see maxmemory-policy).

#

# If Redis can't remove keys according to the policy, or if the policy is

# set to 'noeviction', Redis will start to reply with errors to commands

# that would use more memory, like SET, LPUSH, and so on, and will continue

# to reply to read-only commands like GET.

#

# This option is usually useful when using Redis as an LRU or LFU cache, or to

# set a hard memory limit for an instance (using the 'noeviction' policy).

#

# WARNING: If you have replicas attached to an instance with maxmemory on,

# the size of the output buffers needed to feed the replicas are subtracted

# from the used memory count, so that network problems / resyncs will

# not trigger a loop where keys are evicted, and in turn the output

# buffer of replicas is full with DELs of keys evicted triggering the deletion

# of more keys, and so forth until the database is completely emptied.

#

# In short... if you have replicas attached it is suggested that you set a lower

# limit for maxmemory so that there is some free RAM on the system for replica

# output buffers (but this is not needed if the policy is 'noeviction').

#

# maxmemory <bytes>

# MAXMEMORY POLICY: how Redis will select what to remove when maxmemory

# is reached. You can select one from the following behaviors:

#

# volatile-lru -> Evict using approximated LRU, only keys with an expire set.

# allkeys-lru -> Evict any key using approximated LRU.

# volatile-lfu -> Evict using approximated LFU, only keys with an expire set.

# allkeys-lfu -> Evict any key using approximated LFU.

# volatile-random -> Remove a random key having an expire set.

# allkeys-random -> Remove a random key, any key.

# volatile-ttl -> Remove the key with the nearest expire time (minor TTL)

# noeviction -> Don't evict anything, just return an error on write operations.

#

# LRU means Least Recently Used

# LFU means Least Frequently Used

#

# Both LRU, LFU and volatile-ttl are implemented using approximated

# randomized algorithms.

#

# Note: with any of the above policies, Redis will return an error on write

# operations, when there are no suitable keys for eviction.

#

# At the date of writing these commands are: set setnx setex append

# incr decr rpush lpush rpushx lpushx linsert lset rpoplpush sadd

# sinter sinterstore sunion sunionstore sdiff sdiffstore zadd zincrby

# zunionstore zinterstore hset hsetnx hmset hincrby incrby decrby

# getset mset msetnx exec sort

#

# The default is:

#

# maxmemory-policy noeviction

# LRU, LFU and minimal TTL algorithms are not precise algorithms but approximated

# algorithms (in order to save memory), so you can tune it for speed or

# accuracy. By default Redis will check five keys and pick the one that was

# used least recently, you can change the sample size using the following

# configuration directive.

#

# The default of 5 produces good enough results. 10 Approximates very closely

# true LRU but costs more CPU. 3 is faster but not very accurate.

#

# maxmemory-samples 5

# Starting from Redis 5, by default a replica will ignore its maxmemory setting

# (unless it is promoted to master after a failover or manually). It means

# that the eviction of keys will be just handled by the master, sending the

# DEL commands to the replica as keys evict in the master side.

#

# This behavior ensures that masters and replicas stay consistent, and is usually

# what you want, however if your replica is writable, or you want the replica

# to have a different memory setting, and you are sure all the writes performed

# to the replica are idempotent, then you may change this default (but be sure

# to understand what you are doing).

#

# Note that since the replica by default does not evict, it may end using more

# memory than the one set via maxmemory (there are certain buffers that may

# be larger on the replica, or data structures may sometimes take more memory

# and so forth). So make sure you monitor your replicas and make sure they

# have enough memory to never hit a real out-of-memory condition before the

# master hits the configured maxmemory setting.

#

# replica-ignore-maxmemory yes

# Redis reclaims expired keys in two ways: upon access when those keys are

# found to be expired, and also in background, in what is called the

# "active expire key". The key space is slowly and interactively scanned

# looking for expired keys to reclaim, so that it is possible to free memory

# of keys that are expired and will never be accessed again in a short time.

#

# The default effort of the expire cycle will try to avoid having more than

# ten percent of expired keys still in memory, and will try to avoid consuming

# more than 25% of total memory and to add latency to the system. However

# it is possible to increase the expire "effort" that is normally set to

# "1", to a greater value, up to the value "10". At its maximum value the

# system will use more CPU, longer cycles (and technically may introduce

# more latency), and will tolerate less already expired keys still present

# in the system. It's a tradeoff between memory, CPU and latency.

#

# active-expire-effort 1

############################# LAZY FREEING ####################################

# Redis has two primitives to delete keys. One is called DEL and is a blocking

# deletion of the object. It means that the server stops processing new commands

# in order to reclaim all the memory associated with an object in a synchronous

# way. If the key deleted is associated with a small object, the time needed

# in order to execute the DEL command is very small and comparable to most other

# O(1) or O(log_N) commands in Redis. However if the key is associated with an

# aggregated value containing millions of elements, the server can block for

# a long time (even seconds) in order to complete the operation.

#

# For the above reasons Redis also offers non blocking deletion primitives

# such as UNLINK (non blocking DEL) and the ASYNC option of FLUSHALL and

# FLUSHDB commands, in order to reclaim memory in background. Those commands

# are executed in constant time. Another thread will incrementally free the

# object in the background as fast as possible.

#

# DEL, UNLINK and ASYNC option of FLUSHALL and FLUSHDB are user-controlled.

# It's up to the design of the application to understand when it is a good

# idea to use one or the other. However the Redis server sometimes has to

# delete keys or flush the whole database as a side effect of other operations.

# Specifically Redis deletes objects independently of a user call in the

# following scenarios:

#

# 1) On eviction, because of the maxmemory and maxmemory policy configurations,

# in order to make room for new data, without going over the specified

# memory limit.

# 2) Because of expire: when a key with an associated time to live (see the

# EXPIRE command) must be deleted from memory.

# 3) Because of a side effect of a command that stores data on a key that may

# already exist. For example the RENAME command may delete the old key

# content when it is replaced with another one. Similarly SUNIONSTORE

# or SORT with STORE option may delete existing keys. The SET command

# itself removes any old content of the specified key in order to replace

# it with the specified string.

# 4) During replication, when a replica performs a full resynchronization with

# its master, the content of the whole database is removed in order to

# load the RDB file just transferred.

#

# In all the above cases the default is to delete objects in a blocking way,

# like if DEL was called. However you can configure each case specifically

# in order to instead release memory in a non-blocking way like if UNLINK

# was called, using the following configuration directives.

lazyfree-lazy-eviction no

lazyfree-lazy-expire no

lazyfree-lazy-server-del no

replica-lazy-flush no

# It is also possible, for the case when to replace the user code DEL calls

# with UNLINK calls is not easy, to modify the default behavior of the DEL

# command to act exactly like UNLINK, using the following configuration

# directive:

lazyfree-lazy-user-del no

################################ THREADED I/O #################################

# Redis is mostly single threaded, however there are certain threaded

# operations such as UNLINK, slow I/O accesses and other things that are