Frameworks and Targets update #1721
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| title: Target frameworks | ||
| description: Explains the concepts of target frameworks when writing .NET code. | ||
| keywords: .NET, .NET Core, framework, tfm | ||
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| author: guardrex | ||
| ms.author: mairaw | ||
| ms.date: 03/10/2017 | ||
| ms.topic: article | ||
| ms.prod: .net | ||
| ms.technology: dotnet-standard | ||
| ms.devlang: dotnet | ||
| ms.assetid: 6ef56a2e-593d-497b-925a-1e25bb6df2e6 | ||
| --- | ||
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| # Target frameworks | ||
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| *Frameworks* define the objects, methods, protocols, and tools that you use to build and run applications, services, and libraries for *platforms*, such as Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. For example, the .NET Framework is used to create applications primarily for Windows platforms. .NET Core is a framework that allows you to build cross-platform applications that can run on a variety of platforms. | ||
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| Taken together, the objects, methods, protocols, and tools are called Application Programming Interfaces (APIs). Framework APIs are used in [Visual Studio](https://www.visualstudio.com/), [Visual Studio Code](https://code.visualstudio.com/), and other Integrated Development Environments (IDEs) and editors to provide you with the correct set of objects, methods, protocols, and tools for development. Frameworks are also used by [NuGet](https://www.nuget.org/) for the production and consumption of NuGet packages to ensure that you produce and use appropriate packages for the frameworks that you target in your app, service, or library. | ||
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| When you *target a framework*, you've decided which set of APIs and which versions of those APIs you would like to use. Frameworks are referenced in several ways: by product name, by long- or short-form framework names, and by family. | ||
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| Refernece | Name | ||
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There was a problem hiding this comment. typo: Refernece also, this feels a bit lost here without the explanation we had before. |
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| --- | --- | ||
| Product | .NET Framework 4.6.2 or .NET 4.6.2 | ||
| Framework | `.NETFramework,Version=4.6.2` or `net462` | ||
| Family | `.NETFramework` or `net` | ||
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| ## Lastest framework versions | ||
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| The table below defines the set of frameworks that you can use, how they're referenced, and which version of the [.NET Standard Library](library.md) they implement. These framework versions are the latest stable versions. Pre-release versions aren't described by this table. | ||
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| | Framework | Latest Version | Target Framework Moniker (TFM) | Compact Target Framework Moniker (TFM) | .NET Standard Version | Metapackage | | ||
| | :--------: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | :--: | | ||
| | .NET Standard | 1.6 | .NETStandard,Version=1.6 | netstandard1.6 | N/A | [NETStandard.Library](https://www.nuget.org/packages/NETStandard.Library)| | ||
| | .NET Core Application | 1.1.1 | .NETCoreApp,Version=1.1 | netcoreapp1.1 | 1.6 | [Microsoft.NETCore.App](https://www.nuget.org/packages/Microsoft.NETCore.App)| | ||
| | .NET Framework | 4.6.2 | .NETFramework,Version=4.6.2 | net462 | 1.5 | N/A | | ||
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| ## Supported frameworks | ||
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| A framework is typically referenced by a short target framework moniker or TFM. In .NET Standard this is also is generalized to *TxM* to allow a single reference to multiple frameworks. | ||
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| The NuGet clients support the following frameworks. Equivalents are shown within brackets []. | ||
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| Name | Abbreviation | TFMs/TxMs | | ||
| --- | --- | --- | ||
| .NET Framework | net | net11 | ||
| | | net20 | ||
| | | net35 | ||
| | | net40 | ||
| | | net403 | ||
| | | net45 | ||
| | | net451 | ||
| | | net452 | ||
| | | net46 | ||
| | | net461 | ||
| | | net462 | ||
| .NET Core | netcore | netcore [netcore45] | ||
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There was a problem hiding this comment. what does the netcore TFM is used for? having it identified as .NET Core could be confusing. @terrajobst There was a problem hiding this comment. Depreciated .NET Core TFM's? ... that haven't been formally moved to the "depreciated" list yet because some libs perhaps still use them??? wildly guessing There was a problem hiding this comment. I'll wait on @terrajobst help on this one. I think it has to do with UWP. |
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| | | netcore45 [win, win8] | ||
| | | netcore451 [win81] | ||
| | | netcore50 | ||
| .NET MicroFramework | netmf | netmf | ||
| Windows | win | win [win8, netcore45] | ||
| | | win8 [netcore45, win] | ||
| | | win81 [netcore451] | ||
| | | win10 (not supported by Windows 10 platform) | ||
| Silverlight | sl | sl4 | ||
| | | sl5 | ||
| Windows Phone | wp | wp [wp7] | ||
| | | wp7 | ||
| | | wp75 | ||
| | | wp8 | ||
| | | wp81 | ||
| | | wpa81 | ||
| Universal Windows Platform | uap | uap [uap10.0] | ||
| | | uap10.0 | ||
| .NET Standard | netstandard | netstandard1.0 | ||
| | | netstandard1.1 | ||
| | | netstandard1.2 | ||
| | | netstandard1.3 | ||
| | | netstandard1.4 | ||
| | | netstandard1.5 | ||
| | | netstandard1.6 | ||
| .NET Core App | netcoreapp | netcoreapp1.0 | ||
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There was a problem hiding this comment. we're missing netcoreapp1.1 here There was a problem hiding this comment. also wondering if we should move netstandard and netcoreapp higher in the list. |
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| ## Deprecated frameworks | ||
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| The following frameworks are deprecated. Packages targeting these frameworks should migrate to the indicated replacements. | ||
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| Deprecated framework | Replacement | ||
| --- | --- | ||
| aspnet50 | netcoreapp | ||
| aspnetcore50 | | ||
| dnxcore50 | | ||
| dnx | | ||
| dnx45 | | ||
| dnx451 | | ||
| dnx452 | | ||
| dotnet | netstandard | ||
| dotnet50 | | ||
| dotnet51 | | ||
| dotnet52 | | ||
| dotnet53 | | ||
| dotnet54 | | ||
| dotnet55 | | ||
| dotnet56 | | ||
| winrt | win | ||
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| ## Precedence | ||
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| A number of frameworks are related to and compatible with one another, but not necessarily equivalent: | ||
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| Framework | Can use | ||
| --- | --- | ||
| uap (Universal Windows Platform) | win81 | ||
| | | wpa81 | ||
| | | netcore50 | ||
| win (Windows Store) | winrt | ||
| | | winrt45 | ||
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| ## NET Platform Standard | ||
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| The [.NET Platform Standard](https://github.com/dotnet/corefx/blob/master/Documentation/architecture/net-platform-standard.md) simplifies references between binary-compatible frameworks, allowing a single target framework to reference a combination of others. (For background, see the [.NET Primer](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/articles/standard/index).) | ||
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| The [NuGet Get Nearest Framework Tool](https://aka.ms/s2m3th) simulates what NuGet uses to select one framework from many available framework assets in a package based on the project's framework. | ||
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| The `dotnet` series of monikers should be used in NuGet 3.3 an earlier; the `netstandard` moniker syntax should be used in v3.4 and later. | ||
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| ## Portable Class Libraries | ||
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There was a problem hiding this comment. this one is a really long list and we don't even recommend people using it anymore. I think in this case we could link to the NuGet topic (https://docs.microsoft.com/nuget/schema/target-frameworks#portable-class-libraries) |
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| > [!Warning] | ||
| > **PCLs are not recommended** | ||
| > | ||
| > Although PCLs are supported, package authors should support netstandard instead. The .NET Platform Standard is an evolution of PCLs and represents binary portability across platforms using a single moniker that isn't tied to a static like like *portable-a+b+c* monikers. | ||
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| To define a target framework that refers to multiple child-target-frameworks, the `portable` keyword use used to prefix the list of referenced frameworks. Avoid artificially including extra frameworks that are not directly compiled against because it can lead to unintended side-effects in those frameworks. | ||
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| Additional frameworks defined by third parties provide compatibility with other environments that are accessible in this manner. Additionally, there are shorthand profile numbers that are available to reference these combinations of related frameworks as `Profile#`, but this is not a recommended practice to use these numbers as it reduces the readability of the folders and nuspec. | ||
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| Profile # | Frameworks | Full name | .NET Standard | ||
| --- | --- | --- | --- | ||
| Profile2 | .NETFramework 4.0 | portable-net40+win8+sl4+wp7 | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | Silverlight 4.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 7.0| | | ||
| Profile3 | .NETFramework 4.0 | portable-net40+sl4 | | ||
| | Silverlight 4.0 | | | ||
| Profile4 | .NETFramework 4.5 | portable-net45+sl4+win8+wp7 | | ||
| | Silverlight 4.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 7.0 | | | ||
| Profile5 | .NETFramework 4.0 | portable-net40+win8 | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| Profile6 | .NETFramework 4.0.3 | portable-net403+win8 | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| Profile7 | .NETFramework 4.5 | portable-net45+win8 | netstandard1.1 | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| Profile14 | .NETFramework 4.0 | portable-net40+sl5 | | ||
| | Silverlight 5.0 | | | ||
| Profile18 | .NETFramework 4.0.3 | portable-net403+sl4 | | ||
| | Silverlight 4.0 | | | ||
| Profile19 | .NETFramework 4.0.3 | portable-net403+sl5 | | ||
| | Silverlight 5.0 | | | ||
| Profile23 | .NETFramework 4.5 | portable-net45+sl4 | | ||
| | Silverlight 4.0 | | | ||
| Profile24 | .NETFramework 4.5 | portable-net45+sl5 | | ||
| | Silverlight 5.0 | | | ||
| Profile31 | Windows 8.1 | portable-win81+wp81 | netstandard1.0 | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.1 | | ||
| Profile32 | Windows 8.1 | portable-win81+wpa81 | netstandard1.2 | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.1 | | | ||
| Profile36 | .NETFramework 4.0 | portable-net40+sl4+win8+wp8 | | ||
| | Silverlight 4.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.0 | | | ||
| Profile37 | .NETFramework 4.0 | portable-net40+sl5+win8 | | ||
| | Silverlight 5.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| Profile41 | .NETFramework 4.0.3 | portable-net403+sl4+win8 | | ||
| | Silverlight 4.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| Profile42 | .NETFramework 4.0.3 | portable-net403+sl5+win8 | | ||
| | Silverlight 5.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| Profile44 | .NETFramework 4.5.1 | portable-net451+win81 | netstandard1.2 | ||
| | Windows 8.1 | | | ||
| Profile46 | .NETFramework 4.5 | portable-net45+sl4+win8 | | ||
| | Silverlight 4.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| Profile47 | .NETFramework 4.5 | portable-net45+sl5+win8 | | ||
| | Silverlight 5.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| Profile49 | .NETFramework 4.5 | portable-net45+wp8 | netstandard1.0 | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.0 | | | ||
| Profile78 | .NETFramework 4.5 | portable-net45+win8+wp8 | netstandard1.0 | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.0 | | | ||
| Profile84 | WindowsPhone 8.1 | portable-wp81+wpa81 | netstandard1.0 | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.1 | | | ||
| Profile88 | .NETFramework 4.0 | portable-net40+sl4+win8+wp75 | | ||
| | Silverlight 4.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 7.5 | | | ||
| Profile92 | .NETFramework 4.0 | portable-net40+win8+wpa81 | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.1 | | | ||
| Profile95 | .NETFramework 4.0.3 | portable-net403+sl4+win8+wp7 | | ||
| | Silverlight 4.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 7.0 | | | ||
| Profile96 | .NETFramework 4.0.3 | portable-net403+sl4+win8+wp75 | | ||
| | Silverlight 4.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 7.5 | | | ||
| | Profile102 | .NETFramework 4.0.3 | portable-net403+win8+wpa81 | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.1 | | | ||
| Profile104 | .NETFramework 4.5 | portable-net45+sl4+win8+wp75 | | ||
| | Silverlight 4.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 7.5 | | | ||
| Profile111 | .NETFramework 4.5 | portable-net45+win8+wpa81 | netstandard1.1 | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.1 | | | ||
| Profile136 | .NETFramework 4.0 | portable-net40+sl5+win8+wp8 | | ||
| | Silverlight 5.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.0 | | | ||
| Profile143 | .NETFramework 4.0.3 | portable-net403+sl4+win8+wp8 | | ||
| | Silverlight 4.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.0 | | | ||
| Profile147 | .NETFramework 4.0.3 | portable-net403+sl5+win8+wp8 | | ||
| | Silverlight 5.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.0 | | | ||
| Profile151 | NETFramework 4.5.1 | portable-net451+win81+wpa81 | netstandard1.2 | ||
| | Windows 8.1 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.1 | | | ||
| Profile154 | .NETFramework 4.5 | portable-net45+sl4+win8+wp8 | | ||
| | Silverlight 4.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.0 | | | ||
| Profile157 | Windows 8.1 | portable-win81+wp81+wpa81 | netstandard1.0 | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.1 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.1 | | | ||
| Profile158 | .NETFramework 4.5 | portable-net45+sl5+win8+wp8 | | ||
| | Silverlight 5.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.0 | | | ||
| Profile225 | .NETFramework 4.0 | portable-net40+sl5+win8+wpa81 | | ||
| | Silverlight 5.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.1 | | | ||
| Profile240 | .NETFramework 4.0.3 | portable-net403+sl5+win8+wpa8 | | ||
| | Silverlight 5.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.1 | | | ||
| Profile255 | .NETFramework 4.5 | portable-net45+sl5+win8+wpa81 | | ||
| | Silverlight 5.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.1 | | | ||
| Profile259 | .NETFramework 4.5 | portable-net45+win8+wpa81+wp8 | netstandard1.0 | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.1 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.0 | | | ||
| Profile328 | .NETFramework 4.0 | portable-net40+sl5+win8+wpa81+wp8 | | ||
| | Silverlight 5.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.1 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.0 | | | ||
| Profile336 | .NETFramework 4.0.3 | portable-net403+sl5+win8+wpa81+wp8 | | ||
| | Silverlight 5.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.1 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.1 | | | ||
| Profile344 | .NETFramework 4.5 | portable-net45+sl5+win8+wpa81+wp8 | | ||
| | Silverlight 5.0 | | | ||
| | Windows 8.0 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.1 | | | ||
| | WindowsPhone 8.0 | | | ||
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| Additionally, NuGet packages targeting Xamarin can use additional Xamarin-defined frameworks. See [Creating NuGet packages for Xamarin](https://developer.xamarin.com/guides/cross-platform/advanced/nuget/). | ||
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| Name | Description | .NET Standard | ||
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| monoandroid | Mono Support for Android OS | netstandard1.4 | ||
| monotouch | Mono Support for iOS | netstandard1.4 | ||
| monomac | Mono Support for OSX | netstandard1.4 | ||
| xamarinios | Support for Xamarin for iOS | netstandard1.4 | ||
| xamarinmac | Supports for Xamarin for Mac | netstandard1.4 | ||
| xamarinpsthree | Support for Xamarin on Playstation 3 | netstandard1.4 | ||
| xamarinpsfour | Support for Xamarin on Playstation 4 | netstandard1.4 | ||
| xamarinpsvita | Support for Xamarin on PS Vita | netstandard1.4 | ||
| xamarinwatchos | Xamarin for Watch OS | netstandard1.4 | ||
| xamarintvos | Xamarin for TV OS | netstandard1.4 | ||
| xamarinxboxthreesixty | Xamarin for XBox 360 | netstandard1.4 | ||
| xamarinxboxone | Xamarin for XBox One | netstandard1.4 | ||
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There was a problem hiding this comment. What does this table do here? It doesn't seem to be related to the paragraph right before it. Shouldn't it have some sort of text introduction? There was a problem hiding this comment. yes, this is also part of the PCL section on the NuGet docs |
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| > [!Note] | ||
| > Stephen Cleary has created a tool that lists the supported PCLs, which you can find on his post, [Framework profiles in .NET](http://blog.stephencleary.com/2012/05/framework-profiles-in-net.html). | ||
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.NET Target Frameworks | Microsoft Docs (no need to add the .NET for the H1)