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安装qemu-system-x86_64
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下载内核并编译
make ARCH=x86 x86_64_defconfig make ARCH=x86 -j64 -
下载busybox并编译制作文件系统
//制作ext4文件 dd if=/dev/zero of=rootfs.img bs=1M count=10 mkfs.ext4 rootfs.img //再将rootfs.img挂载，例如~/rootfs mount rootfs.img ~/rootfs git clone https://github.com/mirror/busybox.git cd busybox make menuconfig make -j64 make install CONFIG_PREFIX=~/rootfs/ //补一些rootfs下文件 cd ~/rootfs mkdir proc dev etc home sys tmp cp -rd /root/busybox/examples/bootfloppy/etc/* etc/ cd /root umount rootfs.img -
启动
qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel ./linux-5.8/arch/x86_64/boot/bzImage -hda ./rootfs.img -append "root=/dev/sda console=ttyS0" -nographic
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安装qemu-system-arm
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编译内核
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- defconfig make -j64 -
下载busybox并编译制作cpio文件系统
mkdir rootfs_arm cd busybox make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- install CONFIG_PREFIX=../rootfs_arm cd ../rootfs_arm mkdir proc dev etc home sys tmp cp -rd /root/busybox/examples/bootfloppy/etc/* etc/ // 编译 rootfs_arm/etc/init.d/rcS 加入如下内容，因为需要用/dev/ram启动 mount -t proc none /proc mount -t sysfs none /sys /sbin/mdev -s [ ! -h /etc/mtab ] && ln -s /proc/mounts /etc/mtab [ ! -f /etc/resolv.conf ] && cat /proc/net/pnp > /etc/resolv.conf // 制作cpio find . | cpio -o --format=newc > ../rootfs.cpio cd .. gzip -c rootfs.cpio > rootfs.cpio.gz -
启动：
qemu-system-arm -M virt -m 512M -kernel linux-5.8/arch/arm/boot/zImage -nographic -append "root=/dev/ram0 console=ttyAMA0 rdinit=/sbin/init" -initrd ./rootfs.cpio.gz
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安装qemu-system-riscv32 (64的用qemu-system-riscv64)
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编译内核
// riscv32的 make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=riscv32-unknown-linux-gnu- rv32_defconfig make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=riscv32-unknown-linux-gnu- -j64 // riscv64的 make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu- defconfig make ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu- -j64 // riscv32-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc或riscv64-unknown-linux-gnu-gcc在这里： // https://github.com/riscv-collab/riscv-gnu-toolchain/ // 或这里直接下载编译包：https://github.com/riscv-collab/riscv-gnu-toolchain/releases/ -
下载busybox并编译制作文件系统
//与x86类似也是一个ext4的img，只是编译时 ARCH=riscv CROSS_COMPILE=riscv32-unknown-linux-gnu- -
运行
qemu-system-riscv32 -nographic -machine virt -kernel linux-5.8/arch/riscv/boot/Image -append "root=/dev/vda rw console=ttyS0" -drive file=rootfs_riscv.img,format=raw,id=hd0 -device virtio-blk-device,drive=hd0