Take full control of your keyboard with this small Python library. Hook global events, register hotkeys, simulate key presses and much more.

• Global event hook on all keyboards (captures keys regardless of focus).
• Listen and sends keyboard events.
• Works with Windows and Linux (requires sudo), with experimental OS X support (thanks @glitchassassin!).
• Pure Python, no C modules to be compiled.
• Zero dependencies. Trivial to install and deploy, just copy the files.
• Python 2 and 3.
• Complex hotkey support (e.g. Ctrl+Shift+M, Ctrl+Space) with controllable timeout.
• Includes high level API (e.g. record and play, add_abbreviation).
• Maps keys as they actually are in your layout, with full internationalization support (e.g. Ctrl+ç).
• Events automatically captured in separate thread, doesn't block main program.
• Tested and documented.
• Doesn't break accented dead keys (I'm looking at you, pyHook).
• Mouse support coming soon.

This program makes no attempt to hide itself, so don't use it for keyloggers.

Install the PyPI package:

$ sudo pip install keyboard

or clone the repository (no installation required, source files are sufficient):

$ git clone https://github.com/boppreh/keyboard

Then check the API docs to see what features are available.

import keyboard

keyboard.press_and_release('shift+s, space')

keyboard.write('The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog.')

# Press PAGE UP then PAGE DOWN to type "foobar".
keyboard.add_hotkey('page up, page down', lambda: keyboard.write('foobar'))

# Blocks until you press esc.
keyboard.wait('esc')

# Record events until 'esc' is pressed.
recorded = keyboard.record(until='esc')
# Then replay back at three times the speed.
keyboard.play(recorded, speed_factor=3)

# Type @@ then press space to replace with abbreviation.
keyboard.add_abbreviation('@@', 'my.long.email@example.com')
# Block forever.
keyboard.wait()

• Events generated under Windows don't report device id (event.device == None). #21
• Linux doesn't seem to report media keys. #20
• Currently no way to suppress keys ('catch' events and block them). #22
• To avoid depending on X the Linux parts reads raw device files (/dev/input/input*) but this requries root.
• Other applications, such as some games, may register hooks that swallow all key events. In this case keyboard will be unable to report events.

• keyboard.KEY_DOWN
• keyboard.KEY_UP
• keyboard.KeyboardEvent
• keyboard.all_modifiers
• keyboard.queue
• keyboard.is_str
• keyboard.is_number
• keyboard.matches
• keyboard.is_pressed
• keyboard.canonicalize
• keyboard.call_later
• keyboard.clear_all_hotkeys
• keyboard.remove_all_hotkeys (alias)
• keyboard.add_hotkey
• keyboard.register_hotkey (alias)
• keyboard.hook
• keyboard.unhook
• keyboard.unhook_all
• keyboard.hook_key
• keyboard.on_press
• keyboard.on_release
• keyboard.remove_hotkey
• keyboard.unhook_key (alias)
• keyboard.add_word_listener
• keyboard.register_word_listener (alias)
• keyboard.remove_word_listener
• keyboard.remove_abbreviation (alias)
• keyboard.add_abbreviation
• keyboard.register_abbreviation (alias)
• keyboard.stash_state
• keyboard.restore_state
• keyboard.write
• keyboard.to_scan_code
• keyboard.send
• keyboard.press
• keyboard.release
• keyboard.press_and_release
• keyboard.wait
• keyboard.read_key
• keyboard.record
• keyboard.play
• keyboard.replay (alias)
• keyboard.get_typed_strings

= 'down'

= 'up'

= ('alt', 'alt gr', 'ctrl', 'shift', 'win')

A multi-producer, multi-consumer queue.

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Returns True if the given event represents the same key as the one given in name.

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Returns True if the key is pressed.

is_pressed(57) -> True
is_pressed('space') -> True
is_pressed('ctrl+space') -> True

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Splits a user provided hotkey into a list of steps, each one made of a list of scan codes or names. Used to normalize input at the API boundary. When a combo is given (e.g. 'ctrl + a, b') spaces are ignored.

canonicalize(57) -> [[57]]
canonicalize([[57]]) -> [[57]]
canonicalize('space') -> [['space']]
canonicalize('ctrl+space') -> [['ctrl', 'space']]
canonicalize('ctrl+space, space') -> [['ctrl', 'space'], ['space']]

Note we must not convert names into scan codes because a name may represent more than one physical key (e.g. two 'ctrl' keys).

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Calls the provided function in a new thread after waiting some time. Useful for giving the system some time to process an event, without blocking the current execution flow.

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Removes all hotkey handlers. Note some functions such as 'wait' and 'record' internally use hotkeys and will be affected by this call.

Abbreviations and word listeners are not hotkeys and therefore not affected.
To remove all hooks use unhook_all().

Alias for clear_all_hotkeys.

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Invokes a callback every time a key combination is pressed. The hotkey must be in the format "ctrl+shift+a, s". This would trigger when the user holds ctrl, shift and "a" at once, releases, and then presses "s". To represent literal commas, pluses and spaces use their names ('comma', 'plus', 'space').

• args is an optional list of arguments to passed to the callback during each invocation.
• suppress defines if the it should block processing other hotkeys after a match is found. Currently Windows-only.
• timeout is the amount of seconds allowed to pass between key presses.
• trigger_on_release if true, the callback is invoked on key release instead of key press.

The event handler function is returned. To remove a hotkey call remove_hotkey(hotkey) or remove_hotkey(handler). before the combination state is reset.

Note: hotkeys are activated when the last key is pressed, not released. Note: the callback is executed in a separate thread, asynchronously. For an example of how to use a callback synchronously, see wait.

add_hotkey(57, print, args=['space was pressed'])
add_hotkey(' ', print, args=['space was pressed'])
add_hotkey('space', print, args=['space was pressed'])
add_hotkey('Space', print, args=['space was pressed'])

add_hotkey('ctrl+q', quit)
add_hotkey('ctrl+alt+enter, space', some_callback)

Alias for add_hotkey.

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Installs a global listener on all available keyboards, invoking callback each time a key is pressed or released.

The event passed to the callback is of type keyboard.KeyboardEvent, with the following attributes:

• name: an Unicode representation of the character (e.g. "&") or description (e.g. "space"). The name is always lower-case.
• scan_code: number representing the physical key, e.g. 55.
• time: timestamp of the time the event occurred, with as much precision as given by the OS.

Returns the given callback for easier development.

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Removes a previously hooked callback.

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Removes all keyboard hooks in use, including hotkeys, abbreviations, word listeners, recorders and waits.

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Hooks key up and key down events for a single key. Returns the event handler created. To remove a hooked key use unhook_key(key) or unhook_key(handler).

Note: this function shares state with hotkeys, so clear_all_hotkeys affects it aswell.

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Invokes callback for every KEY_DOWN event. For details see hook.

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Invokes callback for every KEY_UP event. For details see hook.

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Removes a previously registered hotkey. Accepts either the hotkey used during registration (exact string) or the event handler returned by the add_hotkey or hook_key functions.

Alias for remove_hotkey.

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Invokes a callback every time a sequence of characters is typed (e.g. 'pet') and followed by a trigger key (e.g. space). Modifiers (e.g. alt, ctrl, shift) are ignored.

• word the typed text to be matched. E.g. 'pet'.
• callback is an argument-less function to be invoked each time the word is typed.
• triggers is the list of keys that will cause a match to be checked. If the user presses some key that is not a character (len>1) and not in triggers, the characters so far will be discarded. By default only space bar triggers match checks.
• match_suffix defines if endings of words should also be checked instead of only whole words. E.g. if true, typing 'carpet'+space will trigger the listener for 'pet'. Defaults to false, only whole words are checked.
• timeout is the maximum number of seconds between typed characters before the current word is discarded. Defaults to 2 seconds.

Returns the event handler created. To remove a word listener use remove_word_listener(word) or remove_word_listener(handler).

Note: all actions are performed on key down. Key up events are ignored. Note: word mathes are case sensitive.

Alias for add_word_listener.

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Removes a previously registered word listener. Accepts either the word used during registration (exact string) or the event handler returned by the add_word_listener or add_abbreviation functions.

Alias for remove_word_listener.

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Registers a hotkey that replaces one typed text with another. For example

add_abbreviation('tm', u'™')

Replaces every "tm" followed by a space with a ™ symbol (and no space). The replacement is done by sending backspace events.

• match_suffix defines if endings of words should also be checked instead of only whole words. E.g. if true, typing 'carpet'+space will trigger the listener for 'pet'. Defaults to false, only whole words are checked.
• timeout is the maximum number of seconds between typed characters before the current word is discarded. Defaults to 2 seconds.

For more details see add_word_listener.

Alias for add_abbreviation.

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Builds a list of all currently pressed scan codes, releases them and returns the list. Pairs well with restore_state.

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Given a list of scan_codes ensures these keys, and only these keys, are pressed. Pairs well with stash_state.

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Sends artificial keyboard events to the OS, simulating the typing of a given text. Characters not available on the keyboard are typed as explicit unicode characters using OS-specific functionality, such as alt+codepoint.

To ensure text integrity all currently pressed keys are released before the text is typed.

• delay is the number of seconds to wait between keypresses, defaults to no delay.
• restore_state_after can be used to restore the state of pressed keys after the text is typed, i.e. presses the keys that were released at the beginning. Defaults to True.

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Returns the scan code for a given key name (or scan code, i.e. do nothing). Note that a name may belong to more than one physical key, in which case one of the scan codes will be chosen.

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Sends OS events that perform the given hotkey combination.

• combination can be either a scan code (e.g. 57 for space), single key (e.g. 'space') or multi-key, multi-step combination (e.g. 'alt+F4, enter').

• do_press if true then press events are sent. Defaults to True.

• do_release if true then release events are sent. Defaults to True.

  send(57) send('ctrl+alt+del') send('alt+F4, enter') send('shift+s')

Note: keys are released in the opposite order they were pressed.

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Presses and holds down a key combination (see send).

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Releases a key combination (see send).

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Presses and releases the key combination (see send).

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Blocks the program execution until the given key combination is pressed or, if given no parameters, blocks forever.

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Blocks until a keyboard event happens, then returns that event.

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Records all keyboard events from all keyboards until the user presses the given key combination. Then returns the list of events recorded, of type keyboard.KeyboardEvent. Pairs well with play(events).

Note: this is a blocking function. Note: for more details on the keyboard hook and events see hook.

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Plays a sequence of recorded events, maintaining the relative time intervals. If speed_factor is <= 0 then the actions are replayed as fast as the OS allows. Pairs well with record().

Note: the current keyboard state is cleared at the beginning and restored at the end of the function.

Alias for play.

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Given a sequence of events, tries to deduce what strings were typed. Strings are separated when a non-textual key is pressed (such as tab or enter). Characters are converted to uppercase according to shift and capslock status. If allow_backspace is True, backspaces remove the last character typed.

This function is a generator, so you can pass an infinite stream of events and convert them to strings in real time.

Note this functions is merely an heuristic. Windows for example keeps per- process keyboard state such as keyboard layout, and this information is not available for our hooks.

get_type_strings(record()) -> ['This is what', 'I recorded', '']