…or `mmacos-version-min`

…or `mmacos-version-min`

…or `mmacos-version-min`

, bitcoin#28757, bitcoin#28845, bitcoin#28932, bitcoin#28973, bitcoin#21778, bitcoin#30204, bitcoin#29765, bitcoin#30201, bitcoin#30287, bitcoin#30511 (toolchain backports: part 3)

ee04e1f merge bitcoin#30511: GCC 12 consolidation (Kittywhiskers Van Gogh)
cc5c30e merge bitcoin#30287: rewrite some docs & swap `mmacosx-version-min` for `mmacos-version-min` (Kittywhiskers Van Gogh)
632b8b4 merge bitcoin#30201: remove `FORCE_USE_SYSTEM_CLANG` (Kittywhiskers Van Gogh)
994e7b1 merge bitcoin#29765: Use clang-18 (Kittywhiskers Van Gogh)
7e7d7bd merge bitcoin#30204: consolidate dependency docs (Kittywhiskers Van Gogh)
061a608 merge bitcoin#21778: LLD based macOS toolchain (Kittywhiskers Van Gogh)
ea891d4 fix: use `LDFLAGS` when compiling `gmp`'s `configure` test programs (Kittywhiskers Van Gogh)
c2fe7c6 merge bitcoin#28973: remove `libz-dev` from macOS build deps (Kittywhiskers Van Gogh)
62e671d merge bitcoin#28932: remove `python3-setuptools` from macOS build deps (Kittywhiskers Van Gogh)
5bef1e5 merge bitcoin#28845: remove `PYTHONPATH` from config.site (Kittywhiskers Van Gogh)
c501a0d merge bitcoin#28757: Zip needs to include all files and set time to SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH (Kittywhiskers Van Gogh)
122a61f merge bitcoin#28432: Produce a `.zip` for macOS distribution (Kittywhiskers Van Gogh)
407deab merge bitcoin#25612: default to using GCC tool wrappers for LTO (with GCC) (Kittywhiskers Van Gogh)
f0a0040 fix: ensure that `dsymutil` available even when `FORCE_USE_SYSTEM_CLANG=1` (Kittywhiskers Van Gogh)
416e154 merge bitcoin#24866: No longer need to hack the PATH variable in `config.site` (Kittywhiskers Van Gogh)

Pull request description:

  ## Additional Information

  * Depends on #6385

  * Omissions related to explicitly defining the location of `DSYMUTIL` (see [dash#6384](#6384) for more information) have been remedied and are now included (completing [bitcoin#24866](bitcoin#24866) and [bitcoin#25612](bitcoin#25612) in this pull request), courtesy of a fix that defines `DSYMUTIL` even when `FORCE_USE_SYSTEM_CLANG` is defined ([commit](f0a0040)).
    * This fix is effectively reverted in [bitcoin#21778](bitcoin#21778) as the backport ensures that `DSYMUTIL` is defined in the `FORCE_USE_SYSTEM_CLANG` case and `cctools` is no longer used.
    * It still remains to allow testing and validation of commits pre-[bitcoin#21778](bitcoin#21778).

  * GMP runs its test programs during build configuration sans `LDFLAGS` ([source](https://github.com/gmp-mirror/gmp/blob/141ed4f98a50e4a3c1a95a1758cb599b7499ac39/acinclude.m4#L1755)), which are quite important when using an LLD-based toolchain as we rely on it to take on `ld64`'s duties ([source](https://lld.llvm.org/MachO/index.html)) using `-fuse-ld=lld` ([source](https://lld.llvm.org/#using-lld)). This has been remedied by patching `acinclude.m4` and `configure.ac` to include `LDFLAGS`.

    <details>

    <summary>configure failure:</summary>

     ```
     checking build system type... x86_64-pc-linux-gnu
     checking host system type... x86_64-apple-darwin
     checking for a BSD-compatible install... /home/debian/.guix-profile/bin/install -c
     checking whether build environment is sane... yes
     checking for x86_64-apple-darwin-strip... no
     checking for strip... strip
     configure: WARNING: using cross tools not prefixed with host triplet
     checking for a thread-safe mkdir -p... /home/debian/.guix-profile/bin/mkdir -p
     checking for gawk... gawk
     checking whether make sets $(MAKE)... yes
     checking whether make supports nested variables... yes
     checking whether to enable maintainer-specific portions of Makefiles... no
     checking ABI=64
     checking whether env -u C_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJCPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPATH -u LIBRARY_PATH /home/debian/.guix-profile/bin/clang --target=x86_64-apple-darwin -isysroot/dash/depends/SDKs/Xcode-15.0-15A240d-extracted-SDK-with-libcxx-headers -nostdlibinc -iwithsysroot/usr/include -iframeworkwithsysroot/System/Library/Frameworks is gcc... yes
     checking compiler env -u C_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJCPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPATH -u LIBRARY_PATH /home/debian/.guix-profile/bin/clang --target=x86_64-apple-darwin -isysroot/dash/depends/SDKs/Xcode-15.0-15A240d-extracted-SDK-with-libcxx-headers -nostdlibinc -iwithsysroot/usr/include -iframeworkwithsysroot/System/Library/Frameworks -pipe -std=c11 -mmacos-version-min=11.0 -mlinker-version=711 -O2 -march=x86-64    -I/dash/depends/x86_64-apple-darwin/include... no
     checking ABI=x32
     checking whether env -u C_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJCPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPATH -u LIBRARY_PATH /home/debian/.guix-profile/bin/clang --target=x86_64-apple-darwin -isysroot/dash/depends/SDKs/Xcode-15.0-15A240d-extracted-SDK-with-libcxx-headers -nostdlibinc -iwithsysroot/usr/include -iframeworkwithsysroot/System/Library/Frameworks is gcc... yes
     checking compiler env -u C_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJCPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPATH -u LIBRARY_PATH /home/debian/.guix-profile/bin/clang --target=x86_64-apple-darwin -isysroot/dash/depends/SDKs/Xcode-15.0-15A240d-extracted-SDK-with-libcxx-headers -nostdlibinc -iwithsysroot/usr/include -iframeworkwithsysroot/System/Library/Frameworks -pipe -std=c11 -mmacos-version-min=11.0 -mlinker-version=711 -O2 -march=x86-64    -I/dash/depends/x86_64-apple-darwin/include... no
     checking ABI=32
     checking whether env -u C_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJCPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPATH -u LIBRARY_PATH /home/debian/.guix-profile/bin/clang --target=x86_64-apple-darwin -isysroot/dash/depends/SDKs/Xcode-15.0-15A240d-extracted-SDK-with-libcxx-headers -nostdlibinc -iwithsysroot/usr/include -iframeworkwithsysroot/System/Library/Frameworks is gcc... yes
     checking compiler env -u C_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJCPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPATH -u LIBRARY_PATH /home/debian/.guix-profile/bin/clang --target=x86_64-apple-darwin -isysroot/dash/depends/SDKs/Xcode-15.0-15A240d-extracted-SDK-with-libcxx-headers -nostdlibinc -iwithsysroot/usr/include -iframeworkwithsysroot/System/Library/Frameworks -pipe -std=c11 -mmacos-version-min=11.0 -mlinker-version=711 -O2 -march=x86-64    -I/dash/depends/x86_64-apple-darwin/include... no
     configure: error: could not find a working compiler, see config.log for details
     make: *** [funcs.mk:302: /dash/depends/x86_64-apple-darwin/.gmp_stamp_configured] Error 1
     make: Leaving directory '/dash/depends'
     ```

    </details>

    <details>

    <summary>config.log excerpt:</summary>

     ```
     This file contains any messages produced by compilers while
     running configure, to aid debugging if configure makes a mistake.

     It was created by GNU MP configure 6.3.0, which was
     generated by GNU Autoconf 2.69.  Invocation command line was

     [...]

     ## --------- ##
     ## Platform. ##
     ## --------- ##

     hostname = [...]
     uname -m = x86_64
     uname -r = 6.6.32[...]
     uname -s = Linux
     uname -v = #1 SMP PREEMPT_DYNAMIC Mon Jul  8 16:11:58 UTC 2024

     /usr/bin/uname -p = unknown
     /bin/uname -X     = unknown

     /bin/arch              = unknown
     /usr/bin/arch -k       = unknown
     /usr/convex/getsysinfo = unknown
     /usr/bin/hostinfo      = unknown
     /bin/machine           = unknown
     /usr/bin/oslevel       = unknown
     /bin/universe          = unknown

     PATH: /dash/depends/x86_64-apple-darwin/native/bin
     PATH: /home/debian/.guix-profile/bin
     PATH: /home/debian/.guix-profile/sbin

     ## ----------- ##
     ## Core tests. ##
     ## ----------- ##

     [...]
     configure:5889: env -u C_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJCPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPATH -u LIBRARY_PATH /home/debian/.guix-profile/bin/clang --target=x86_64-apple-darwin -isysroot/dash/depends/SDKs/Xcode-15.0-15A240d-extracted-SDK-with-libcxx-headers -nostdlibinc -iwithsysroot/usr/include -iframeworkwithsysroot/System/Library/Frameworks -c conftest.c >&5
     configure:5892: $? = 0
     configure:5895: checking whether env -u C_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJCPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPATH -u LIBRARY_PATH /home/debian/.guix-profile/bin/clang --target=x86_64-apple-darwin -isysroot/dash/depends/SDKs/Xcode-15.0-15A240d-extracted-SDK-with-libcxx-headers -nostdlibinc -iwithsysroot/usr/include -iframeworkwithsysroot/System/Library/Frameworks is gcc
     configure:5897: result: yes
     configure:5911: env -u C_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJCPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPATH -u LIBRARY_PATH /home/debian/.guix-profile/bin/clang --target=x86_64-apple-darwin -isysroot/dash/depends/SDKs/Xcode-15.0-15A240d-extracted-SDK-with-libcxx-headers -nostdlibinc -iwithsysroot/usr/include -iframeworkwithsysroot/System/Library/Frameworks 2>&1 | grep xlc >/dev/null
     configure:5914: $? = 1
     configure:5968: checking compiler env -u C_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJCPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPATH -u LIBRARY_PATH /home/debian/.guix-profile/bin/clang --target=x86_64-apple-darwin -isysroot/dash/depends/SDKs/Xcode-15.0-15A240d-extracted-SDK-with-libcxx-headers -nostdlibinc -iwithsysroot/usr/include -iframeworkwithsysroot/System/Library/Frameworks -pipe -std=c11 -mmacos-version-min=11.0 -mlinker-version=711 -O2 -march=x86-64   -I/dash/depends/x86_64-apple-darwin/include
     Test compile:
     configure:5982: env -u C_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJC_INCLUDE_PATH -u OBJCPLUS_INCLUDE_PATH -u CPATH -u LIBRARY_PATH /home/debian/.guix-profile/bin/clang --target=x86_64-apple-darwin -isysroot/dash/depends/SDKs/Xcode-15.0-15A240d-extracted-SDK-with-libcxx-headers -nostdlibinc -iwithsysroot/usr/include -iframeworkwithsysroot/System/Library/Frameworks -pipe -std=c11 -mmacos-version-min=11.0 -mlinker-version=711 -O2 -march=x86-64   -I/dash/depends/x86_64-apple-darwin/include conftest.c >&5
     ld: unrecognized option '-dynamic'
     ld: use the --help option for usage information
     clang: error: linker command failed with exit code 1 (use -v to see invocation)
     configure:5985: $? = 1
     failed program was:

     int main () { return 0; }
     configure:7072: result: no
     [...]
     configure:7310: error: could not find a working compiler, see config.log for details
     [...]

     ## ---------------- ##
     ## Cache variables. ##
     ## ---------------- ##

     [...]
     ac_cv_env_LDFLAGS_set=set
     ac_cv_env_LDFLAGS_value='-Wl,-platform_version,macos,11.0,14.0 -Wl,-no_adhoc_codesign -fuse-ld=lld  -L/dash/depends/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib'
     [...]
     LD=''
     LDFLAGS='-Wl,-platform_version,macos,11.0,14.0 -Wl,-no_adhoc_codesign -fuse-ld=lld  -L/dash/depends/x86_64-apple-darwin/lib'
     [...]

     ## ----------- ##
     ## confdefs.h. ##
     ## ----------- ##

     /* confdefs.h */
     #define PACKAGE_NAME "GNU MP"
     #define PACKAGE_TARNAME "gmp"
     #define PACKAGE_VERSION "6.3.0"
     #define PACKAGE_STRING "GNU MP 6.3.0"
     #define PACKAGE_BUGREPORT "gmp-bugs@gmplib.org (see https://gmplib.org/manual/Reporting-Bugs.html)"
     #define PACKAGE_URL "http://www.gnu.org/software/gmp/"
     #define PACKAGE "gmp"
     #define VERSION "6.3.0"
     #define WANT_FFT 1
     #define HAVE_HOST_CPU_x86_64 1

     configure: exit 1
     ```

     **Note:** `lld` itself will never respond like this, as it will exit with a catch-all message requesting you to invoke it with the correct name

     ```
     $ lld -dynamic
     lld is a generic driver.
     Invoke ld.lld (Unix), ld64.lld (macOS), lld-link (Windows), wasm-ld (WebAssembly) instead
     ```

     Nor is it calling the Unix-specific variant mistakenly

     ```
     $ ld.lld -dynamic
     ld.lld: error: unknown argument '-dynamic', did you mean '-Bdynamic'
     ```

     The error displayed above is consistent with GNU `ld`
     ```
     $ ld -dynamic
     ld: unrecognized option '-dynamic'
     ld: use the --help option for usage information
     ```

    </details>

    * A similar problem is observed for Qt, which was resolved upstream by adding it to `CXXFLAGS` ([source](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/e8c25e8a35e333e90514945c592557615641553f/depends/patches/qt/mac-qmake.conf#L16)) (but this comes at the downside of an unused argument warnings whenever the compiler doesn't intend to do any linking and is why we didn't just modify `darwin_{CC,CXX}` instead)

      <details>

      <summary>Warning messages when building Qt:</summary>

      ```
      clang++: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-fuse-ld=lld' [-Wunused-command-line-argument]
      compiling kernel/qplatformcursor.cpp
      compiling kernel/qplatformclipboard.cpp
      clang++: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-fuse-ld=lld' [-Wunused-command-line-argument]
      clang++: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-fuse-ld=lld' [-Wunused-command-line-argument]
      compiling kernel/qplatformsurface.cpp
      clang++: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-fuse-ld=lld' [-Wunused-command-line-argument]
      4 warnings generated.
      compiling kernel/qcursor.cpp
      clang++: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-fuse-ld=lld' [-Wunused-command-line-argument]
      compiling kernel/qguivariant.cpp
      clang++: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-fuse-ld=lld' [-Wunused-command-line-argument]
      compiling kernel/qshortcutmap.cpp
      compiling kernel/qtouchdevice.cpp
      clang++: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-fuse-ld=lld' [-Wunused-command-line-argument]
      clang++: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-fuse-ld=lld' [-Wunused-command-line-argument]
      compiling kernel/qplatformservices.cpp
      clang++: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-fuse-ld=lld' [-Wunused-command-line-argument]
      kernel/qplatformcursor.cpp:622:17: warning: variable 'w' set but not used [-Wunused-but-set-variable]
      622 |     int x = -1, w = 0;
          |                 ^
      compiling kernel/qplatformsessionmanager.cpp
      clang++: warning: argument unused during compilation: '-fuse-ld=lld' [-Wunused-command-line-argument]
      ```

      </details>

  * Clang has been bumped to 18 as [bitcoin#30201](bitcoin#30201) drops `native_llvm` (formerly known as `native_clang`) and mandates the presence of Clang 18 or higher for cross-compilation ([source](https://github.com/bitcoin/bitcoin/blob/7cbfd7a7ce45ac68d6041f42f468862f5c193d8c/depends/README.md?plain=1#L54-L57)).

  ## Breaking Changes

  None expected

  ## Checklist

  - [x] I have performed a self-review of my own code
  - [x] I have commented my code, particularly in hard-to-understand areas
  - [x] I have added or updated relevant unit/integration/functional/e2e tests
  - [x] I have made corresponding changes to the documentation
  - [x] I have assigned this pull request to a milestone _(for repository code-owners and collaborators only)_

ACKs for top commit:
  PastaPastaPasta:
    utACK ee04e1f
  UdjinM6:
    utACK ee04e1f

Tree-SHA512: 0b8be036419a53eda5be77c9abdf214d8f5baa088526f9249daba31e650c50f831f54c389845f828f8b7cf50458967f211a6d42d12b8dae8546b265d7f37a968