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</style></head><body class="is-2-column"><nav class="navbar navbar-main"><div class="container navbar-container"><div class="navbar-brand justify-content-center"><a class="navbar-item navbar-logo" href="/"><img src="/img/logo.svg" alt="Hexo" height="28"></a></div><div class="navbar-menu"><div class="navbar-start"><a class="navbar-item is-active" href="/">Home</a><a class="navbar-item" href="/archives">Archives</a><a class="navbar-item" href="/categories">Categories</a><a class="navbar-item" href="/tags">Tags</a><a class="navbar-item" href="/about">About</a></div><div class="navbar-end"><a class="navbar-item" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Download on GitHub" href="https://github.com/ppoffice/hexo-theme-icarus"><i class="fab fa-github"></i></a><a class="navbar-item search" title="Search" href="javascript:;"><i class="fas fa-search"></i></a></div></div></div></nav><section class="section"><div class="container"><div class="columns"><div class="column order-2 column-main is-8-tablet is-8-desktop is-8-widescreen"><div class="card"><article class="card-content article" role="article"><div class="article-meta is-size-7 is-uppercase level is-mobile"><div class="level-left"><span class="level-item">Posted <time dateTime="2023-03-06T16:00:00.000Z" title="2023/3/7 00:00:00">2023-03-07</time></span><span class="level-item">Updated <time dateTime="2023-03-07T11:56:07.231Z" title="2023/3/7 19:56:07">2023-03-07</time></span><span class="level-item"><a class="link-muted" href="/categories/My-Note/">My Note</a></span><span class="level-item">15 minutes read (About 2303 words)</span></div></div><h1 class="title is-3 is-size-4-mobile"><a class="link-muted" href="/2023/03/07/note-3/">My-Note-3 | Bridging Subword Gaps in Pretrain-Finetune Paradigm for Natural Language Generation</a></h1><div class="content"><p><strong>Tags</strong>：<strong>ACL 2021</strong> ；<strong>NLG</strong> ；<strong>Subword</strong></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2106.06125.pdf">原文链接</a></p>
<h3 id="背景："><a href="#背景：" class="headerlink" title="背景："></a><strong>背景</strong>：</h3><p>基于 <strong>pretrain-finetune</strong> 的模型在 <strong>pretrain</strong> 时使用<strong>统一的语料库 (one-size-fits-all vocabulary)</strong>，而 <strong>finetune</strong> 时的<strong>语料库则随具体任务而不同</strong>。<br>pretrain 时的语料库和 finetune 时的语料库中的 <strong>subwords 分布往往会有所不同</strong>，这导致了: </p>
<ul>
<li><strong>pretrain</strong> 时学到的 <strong>subwords 划分会更加细粒度</strong>从而覆盖其更大的语料库，但这会使得 finetune 时的<strong> exposure bias 更严重</strong>且<strong>计算开销更大</strong></li>
<li><strong>在 pretrain 时不常见，但在 finetune 时常见的 token</strong> 可能会被<strong>错误划分为 subwords</strong>，导致语义保留不佳</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<p><br></p>
<h3 id="本文："><a href="#本文：" class="headerlink" title="本文："></a><strong>本文</strong>：</h3><ul>
<li><strong>目标</strong>：改善上下游任务中由于 <strong>subwords 分布不同</strong>导致的下游任务中部分token表示不佳 <strong>(under-represented)</strong></li>
<li><strong>方法</strong>：单独训练一个 <strong>embedding generator</strong>，输入一个 token，<strong>根据其 subwords 和 hyperwords 的词向量来得到该token的词向量</strong>，改善下游任务中 <strong>under-represented token</strong> 的词向量表达</li>
<li><strong>模型</strong>：<strong>AVG-EG</strong>; <strong>ATT-EG</strong>; <strong>PATT-EG</strong></li>
<li><strong>创新点</strong>：(1) 从克服 <strong>subwords 分布差异</strong> 的角度出发，有效改善了模型; (2) <strong>计算效率高</strong>，在简单地<strong>单独训练</strong>后可以<strong>即插即用 (plug-and-play)</strong> ; (3) 对 <strong>under-represented token</strong> 的词向量表示进行了多个方法的探索，包括<strong>平均</strong>，基于<strong>注意力机制</strong>和基于<strong>语素 (morphemes) 信息</strong>的方法。</li></ul></div><a class="article-more button is-small is-size-7" href="/2023/03/07/note-3/#more">Read more</a></article></div><div class="card"><article class="card-content article" role="article"><div class="article-meta is-size-7 is-uppercase level is-mobile"><div class="level-left"><span class="level-item">Posted <time dateTime="2023-02-15T14:07:37.000Z" title="2023/2/15 22:07:37">2023-02-15</time></span><span class="level-item">Updated <time dateTime="2023-02-15T14:07:37.341Z" title="2023/2/15 22:07:37">2023-02-15</time></span><span class="level-item">a few seconds read (About 0 words)</span></div></div><h1 class="title is-3 is-size-4-mobile"><a class="link-muted" href="/2023/02/15/note-2/">note-2</a></h1><div class="content"></div></article></div><div class="card"><article class="card-content article" role="article"><div class="article-meta is-size-7 is-uppercase level is-mobile"><div class="level-left"><span class="level-item">Posted <time dateTime="2023-02-13T15:54:31.000Z" title="2023/2/13 23:54:31">2023-02-13</time></span><span class="level-item">Updated <time dateTime="2023-03-07T11:50:49.531Z" title="2023/3/7 19:50:49">2023-03-07</time></span><span class="level-item"><a class="link-muted" href="/categories/My-Note/">My Note</a></span><span class="level-item">9 minutes read (About 1319 words)</span></div></div><h1 class="title is-3 is-size-4-mobile"><a class="link-muted" href="/2023/02/13/note-1/">My-Note-1 | Contrastive Learning for Many-to-many Multilingual Neural Machine Translation</a></h1><div class="content"><p><strong>Tags</strong>：<strong>ACL 2021</strong> ；<strong>Contrastive Learning</strong> ；<strong>MNMT</strong> ；<strong>Aligned Augmentation</strong></p>
<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/2105.09501.pdf">原文链接</a></p>
<h3 id="背景"><a href="#背景" class="headerlink" title="背景"></a>背景</h3><p><strong>多语言翻译模型</strong>有以下<strong>优点</strong>：</p>
<ul>
<li>更<strong>高效</strong>且更<strong>容易部署</strong></li>
<li>在不同语言之间共享参数会<strong>方便知识转移 (knowledge transfer)</strong></li>
</ul>
<p>但已有的多语言翻译模型已有以下<strong>不足</strong>：</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>效果</strong>不如对应语言的双语模型</li>
<li>大多关注于以<strong>英语为中心 (English-centric)</strong> 的翻译任务</li>
</ul>
<hr>
<p><br></p>
<h3 id="本文："><a href="#本文：" class="headerlink" title="本文："></a>本文：</h3><ul>
<li><strong>目标</strong>：(1)提升多语言翻译模型的<strong>性能</strong>；(2)<strong>不局限于以英语为中心</strong></li>
<li><strong>方法</strong>：(1) 使用<strong>对比学习</strong>，将<strong>不同语言中的同义句子拉近</strong>，不同义句子拉远；(2) 使用<strong>Aligned Augmentation (AA) 的数据增强</strong>方式来获取正负样本</li>
<li><strong>模型</strong>：<strong>mRASP2</strong></li>
<li><strong>创新点</strong>：(1) 利用<strong>对比学习</strong>将不同语言的同义词向量拉近，即拉到了同一个空间；(2) 利用了<strong>单语语料</strong> (monolingual)，并将 <strong>AA</strong> 拓展到了单语的预训练任务上</li></ul></div><a class="article-more button is-small is-size-7" href="/2023/02/13/note-1/#more">Read more</a></article></div><div class="card"><article class="card-content article" role="article"><div class="article-meta is-size-7 is-uppercase level is-mobile"><div class="level-left"><span class="level-item">Posted <time dateTime="2022-12-30T12:40:25.903Z" title="2022/12/30 20:40:25">2022-12-30</time></span><span class="level-item">Updated <time dateTime="1985-10-26T08:15:00.000Z" title="1985/10/26 16:15:00">1985-10-26</time></span><span class="level-item">a minute read (About 123 words)</span></div></div><h1 class="title is-3 is-size-4-mobile"><a class="link-muted" href="/2022/12/30/hello-world/">Hello World</a></h1><div class="content"><p>Welcome to <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io/">Hexo</a>! This is your very first post. Check <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io/docs/">documentation</a> for more info. If you get any problems when using Hexo, you can find the answer in <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io/docs/troubleshooting.html">troubleshooting</a> or you can ask me on <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://github.com/hexojs/hexo/issues">GitHub</a>.</p>
<h2 id="Quick-Start"><a href="#Quick-Start" class="headerlink" title="Quick Start"></a>Quick Start</h2><h3 id="Create-a-new-post"><a href="#Create-a-new-post" class="headerlink" title="Create a new post"></a>Create a new post</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo new <span class="string">"My New Post"</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>More info: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io/docs/writing.html">Writing</a></p>
<h3 id="Run-server"><a href="#Run-server" class="headerlink" title="Run server"></a>Run server</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo server</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>More info: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io/docs/server.html">Server</a></p>
<h3 id="Generate-static-files"><a href="#Generate-static-files" class="headerlink" title="Generate static files"></a>Generate static files</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo generate</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>More info: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io/docs/generating.html">Generating</a></p>
<h3 id="Deploy-to-remote-sites"><a href="#Deploy-to-remote-sites" class="headerlink" title="Deploy to remote sites"></a>Deploy to remote sites</h3><figure class="highlight bash"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">$ hexo deploy</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>More info: <a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://hexo.io/docs/one-command-deployment.html">Deployment</a></p>
</div></article></div></div><div class="column column-left is-4-tablet is-4-desktop is-4-widescreen order-1"><div class="card widget" data-type="profile"><div class="card-content"><nav class="level"><div class="level-item has-text-centered flex-shrink-1"><div><figure class="image is-128x128 mx-auto mb-2"><img class="avatar" src="/img/%E5%A4%B4%E5%83%8F.png" alt="Yang Yan"></figure><p class="title is-size-4 is-block" style="line-height:inherit;">Yang Yan</p><p class="is-size-6 is-block">Master of Software Engineering</p><p class="is-size-6 is-flex justify-content-center"><i class="fas fa-map-marker-alt mr-1"></i><span>Shanghai University of Finance and Economics</span></p></div></div></nav><nav class="level is-mobile"><div class="level-item has-text-centered is-marginless"><div><p class="heading">Posts</p><a href="/archives"><p class="title">4</p></a></div></div><div class="level-item has-text-centered is-marginless"><div><p class="heading">Category</p><a href="/categories"><p class="title">1</p></a></div></div><div class="level-item has-text-centered is-marginless"><div><p class="heading">Tags</p><a href="/tags"><p class="title">6</p></a></div></div></nav><div class="level"><a class="level-item button is-primary is-rounded" href="https://github.com/Yang-Yan-Yang-Yan" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Follow</a></div><div class="level is-mobile is-multiline"><a class="level-item button is-transparent is-marginless" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Github" href="https://github.com/Yang-Yan-Yang-Yan"><i class="fab fa-github"></i></a><a class="level-item button is-transparent is-marginless" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Facebook" href="https://facebook.com"><i class="fab fa-facebook"></i></a><a class="level-item button is-transparent is-marginless" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Twitter" href="https://twitter.com"><i class="fab fa-twitter"></i></a><a class="level-item button is-transparent is-marginless" target="_blank" rel="noopener" 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