::: {.goals}

- ...

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:::

Perhaps the most popular package for data visualization in R is

[`{ggplot2}`](https://ggplot2.tidyverse.org/index.html). It comes with the `{tidyverse}`

package, but there are many other packages that extend the functionality of `{ggplot2}`,

such as `{ggforce}` or `{gganimate}`.

These packages share a unifying design principle, the *Grammar of Graphics* (hence the

"gg"). At its core, the Grammar of Graphics is about mapping attributes of your data (such

as the magnitude of a number or the category that an observation belongs to) to aesthetics

of geometric objects (such as position and size of a point or the height and color of a

bar), potentially after applying statistical transformations like counting or averaging

observations. This foundation turns out to be extremely versatile and allows

You can see examples of what is possible with `{ggplot2}` in the submissions for [Tidy

Tuesday](https://www.cedricscherer.com/top/dataviz/) -- a weekly exercise for practicing

data visualisation. Some people even use `{ggplot2}` to [make generative

Art!](https://www.data-imaginist.com/art)

Mastering `{ggplot2}` can take a while. However, there are some websites that provide

example code for different types of charts. [The R graph

gallery](https://www.r-graph-gallery.com/index.html) is particularly comprehensive. There

are also packages like

that provide you with an intuitive graphical user interface for using `{ggplot2}`.

The `{ggplot2}` package itself is mainly limited to static graphs. However, packages like

[`{plotly}`](https://plotly.com/r/), and [`{shiny}`](https://shiny.rstudio.com/gallery/)

allow you to make interactive visualizations and dashboards with relative ease.

Integration with [JavaScript (e.g., D3.js)](https://book.javascript-for-r.com/) - the sky

is the limit!

See [ggplot2 -- Elegant graphics for data analysis](https://ggplot2-book.org/) for a deep

dive into `{ggplot2}`

In a short intro like this, there is not enough time to dive deeply into `{ggplot2}`.

``` {.r}