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| # Networking 101 | ||
| > ⚠ Networking 101 is a simple introduction to the most important network concepts for ethical hacking. This subject is huge and is recommended to learn from different sources, courses and certifications like [Cisco CCNA](https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/training-events/training-certifications/certifications/associate/ccna.html) or [CompTIA Network+](https://www.comptia.org/certifications/network). | ||
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| * **This module is a mix of theory and practical, following the order:** | ||
| 1. Introduction 101 | ||
| 2. IP Addresses | ||
| 3. Subnetting | ||
| 4. MAC Addresses | ||
| 5. TCP, UDP and 3-Way-Handshake | ||
| 6. Protocols, Services and Ports | ||
| 7. OSI Model | ||
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| # 1. Introduction | ||
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| ## So, what the heck is Network? | ||
| A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in order to share resources (such as printers), exchange files, or allow electronic communications. The computers on a network may be linked through cables, telephone lines, radio waves, satellites, or infrared light beams. | ||
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| **Two very common types of networks include: LAN (Local Area Network) and WAN (Wide Area Network)** | ||
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| ## Network Topologies | ||
| The actual organization of a network in terms of how is the data moving around and the best way to do it. | ||
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| ### LAN - Local Area Network | ||
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| * A LAN is a network that has a logical and physical borders that a computer can broadcast | ||
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| <p align="center"> | ||
| <img width="70%" src="https://www.geocities.ws/alcantara97/starhttt.gif" /> | ||
| </p> | ||
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| ### WAN - Wide Area Network | ||
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| * WAN is a multiple LANs or additional WANs with routing functionality for interconnectivity. | ||
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| <p align="center"> | ||
| <img width="70%" src="https://gist.github.com/Samsar4/62886aac358c3d484a0ec17e8eb11266/raw/a3f9b5f3f243467208da83e0d0e543b32233c5d6/wan-topo.jpg" /> | ||
| </p> | ||
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| ### MAN - Metropolitan Area Network | ||
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| <p align="center"> | ||
| <img width="70%" src="https://gist.githubusercontent.com/Samsar4/62886aac358c3d484a0ec17e8eb11266/raw/f37cec4e00f726cb4be3661f20ccad77751e003a/man-topo.jpg" /> | ||
| </p> | ||
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| ### Internet | ||
| Connecting WANs through WANs until complete the entire world = Internet. | ||
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| * The protocol which runs the internet is TCP/IP | ||
| * As long you're using legitimate IPv4 address or IPv6 | ||
| <p align="center"> | ||
| <img width="70%" src="https://gist.githubusercontent.com/Samsar4/62886aac358c3d484a0ec17e8eb11266/raw/8c176b8a798fb5749c4391c45015ee5d14d56f13/internet.png" /> | ||
| </p> | ||
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| ### Intranet | ||
| If you're using the TCP/IP stack and making your own LAN or WAN = Intranet. | ||
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| * Intranet is a private network which still runs TCP/IP | ||
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| <p align="center"> | ||
| <img width="70%" src="https://gist.githubusercontent.com/Samsar4/62886aac358c3d484a0ec17e8eb11266/raw/8c176b8a798fb5749c4391c45015ee5d14d56f13/intranet.png" /> | ||
| </p> | ||
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| # 2. IP Addresses | ||
| ## What is an IP Address (Internet Protocol)? | ||
| An IP address is a unique address that identifies a device on the internet or a local network. IP stands for "Internet Protocol," which is the set of rules governing the format of data sent via the internet or local network. | ||
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| ## Check your local IP address | ||
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| 1. If you are using Linux or MacOS you can open your terminal and type `ifconfig` command | ||
| 2. For Windows machine type `ipconfig` on Cmd Prompt or Powershell. | ||
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|  | ||
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| - To do | ||
| - IP Addresses | ||
| - Subnetting | ||
| - MAC Addresses | ||
| - TCP, UDP and 3-Way-Handshake | ||
| - Protocols and Services | ||
| - OSI Model | ||
| - `inet` The inet (Internet protocol family) show the local ip address. This is IP version 4 (IPv4) Using 32-bit decimal number. | ||
| - `inet6` Is a new version of IP (IPv6), using 128 bits hexadecimal value. | ||
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| - `192.168.64.3` | ||
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| IPv4 - inet decimal notation | ||
| - 32bits / * 4 octects - 8bits | ||
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| IPv6 - hexadecimal notation | ||
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| Layer 3 | ||
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| ... | ||
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| [in progress] |