• Recommended reading:
  • https://www.maketecheasier.com/differences-between-mbr-and-gpt/
  • https://www.howtogeek.com/56958/htg-explains-how-uefi-will-replace-the-bios/
• Important:
  1. Create partition
  2. Format partition
  3. Mount partition

• fdisk - manipulate disk partition table
• mkfs - build a Linux filesystem
• mkswap - set up a Linux swap area
• wipefs - wipe a signature from a device
• gdisk - Interactive GUID partition table (GPT) manipulator
• parted - a partition manipulation program
  • explore "help" and commands
• cfdisk - display or manipulate a disk partition table

Considerando 1 TB de disco:

SO: Debian 10 / Ubuntu 20

• Desktop (option 1)

  • / - 20GB
  • /usr - 15GB
  • /var - 10GB (optional)
  • /home - 500GB
  • swap - 8gb (At least the same ammount of RAM in your machine, or 2x the amount of ram if your machine has low RAM)

• Desktop (option 2 - simplified)

  • / - 50GB
  • /home - 930GB
  • swap - 8gb

• E-mail server

  • / - 20GB
  • /var - 900GB (where the e-mails are usually stored)
  • /home - 5GB
  • swap - 16GB

• File Server

  • / - 20GB
  • /home - 5GB
  • /data - 900GB
  • swap - 8 GB

• Web Server

  • / - 20GB
  • /home - 5GB
  • swap - 8 GB
  • /var - 950GB (possible to split the partition into two: /var/www and /var/log, /var is a simplified solution)
    • /var/www
    • /var/log

• Reasons use a well partitioned disk:
  • For security: use fine grained permissions to restrict operations to where they should be happening (e.g.: block operations from X applications to anywhere else other than /var)
  • Resiliency: problems that happen on one partition, will not affect adjacent ones. That way we reduce the surface area of the impact

• Review this lesson with more attention, hands-on wasn't possible (previous setup is necessary)
• Recommended reading:
  • https://www.howtogeek.com/howto/33552/htg-explains-which-linux-file-system-should-you-choose/
  • https://www.thegeekdiary.com/understanding-the-configuration-file-for-mounting-file-systems-etc-fstab/
  • https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19455-01/805-7228/fsmount-3/index.html
  • https://linux.die.net/man/8/mount

• mklost+found - create a lost+found directory on a mounted Linux second extended file system
• mount - mount a filesystem
  • Very important, study it's use
  • attention to "mount -(options) remount (dir)"
• lsof - list open files