pwd: print working directory

hostname: my computer's network name

mkdir: make directory

cd: change directory (~:home, /:root, ..:up, ../../directory: 2up and go another directory)

ls: list directory (l:details, p:shows files with/, a:hidden included)

rmdir: remove directory

pushd: push directory

popd: pop directory

cp: copy a file or directory [source][destination]

mv: move, rename a file or directory

less: page through a file

cat: print the whole file (short for "concatenate")(cat FILE > FILE to copy)

xargs: execute arguments

find: find files

grep: searches for lines which contain a search pattern

man: read a manual page

apropos: find what man page is appropriate

env: look at your environment

echo: print some arguments

export: export/set a new environment variable

exit: exit the shell

sudo: super user do!

chmod: change permission modifiers

chown: change ownership

diff: shows the differences between

groups: shows which groups a user is a member of.

ping: checks connectivity status to a server

wget: download files from the internet

date: show date and time

cal: show calendar

!17 run 17th command on history