Add to Dockerfile
FROM temrdm/1c_server:8.3
Download from users.v8.1c.ru postgres deb package and extract it to ./8.3/dist path.
Building container
docker build -t server ./8.3
docker run -d -p 1540-1541:1540-1541 -p 1560-1591:1560-1591 --name server --restart=always server
docker run -i --volumes-from serverdata -t server /bin/bash