image.go

// Copyright 2014 Hajime Hoshi
//
// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
// You may obtain a copy of the License at
//
//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
// limitations under the License.

package ebiten

import (
	"fmt"
	"image"
	"image/color"
	"math"
	"runtime"

	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/internal/graphics"
	"github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/internal/shareable"
)

// emptyImage is an empty image used for filling other images with a uniform color.
//
// Do not call Fill or Clear on emptyImage or the program causes infinite recursion.
var emptyImage *Image

func init() {
	emptyImage, _ = NewImage(16, 16, FilterDefault)
}

type mipmap struct {
	orig *shareable.Image
	imgs map[image.Rectangle][]*shareable.Image
}

func newMipmap(s *shareable.Image) *mipmap {
	return &mipmap{
		orig: s,
		imgs: map[image.Rectangle][]*shareable.Image{},
	}
}

func (m *mipmap) original() *shareable.Image {
	return m.orig
}

func (m *mipmap) level(r image.Rectangle, level int) *shareable.Image {
	if level == 0 {
		panic("not reached")
	}

	imgs, ok := m.imgs[r]
	if !ok {
		imgs = []*shareable.Image{}
		m.imgs[r] = imgs
	}
	idx := level - 1

	size := r.Size()
	w, h := size.X, size.Y
	if len(imgs) > 0 {
		w, h = imgs[len(imgs)-1].Size()
	}

	for len(imgs) < idx+1 {
		w2 := w / 2
		h2 := h / 2
		if w2 == 0 || h2 == 0 {
			return nil
		}
		var s *shareable.Image
		if m.orig.IsVolatile() {
			s = shareable.NewVolatileImage(w2, h2)
		} else {
			s = shareable.NewImage(w2, h2)
		}

		var src *shareable.Image
		var vs []float32
		if l := len(imgs); l == 0 {
			src = m.orig
			vs = src.QuadVertices(r.Min.X, r.Min.Y, r.Max.X, r.Max.Y, 0.5, 0, 0, 0.5, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1)
		} else {
			src = m.level(r, l)
			vs = src.QuadVertices(0, 0, w, h, 0.5, 0, 0, 0.5, 0, 0, 1, 1, 1, 1)
		}
		is := graphics.QuadIndices()
		s.DrawImage(src, vs, is, nil, graphics.CompositeModeCopy, graphics.FilterLinear)
		imgs = append(imgs, s)
		w = w2
		h = h2
	}
	m.imgs[r] = imgs

	if len(imgs) <= idx {
		return nil
	}
	return imgs[idx]
}

func (m *mipmap) isDisposed() bool {
	return m.orig == nil
}

func (m *mipmap) dispose() {
	m.disposeMipmaps()
	m.orig.Dispose()
	m.orig = nil
}

func (m *mipmap) disposeMipmaps() {
	for _, a := range m.imgs {
		for _, img := range a {
			img.Dispose()
		}
	}
	m.imgs = map[image.Rectangle][]*shareable.Image{}
}

// Image represents a rectangle set of pixels.
// The pixel format is alpha-premultiplied RGBA.
// Image implements image.Image.
//
// Functions of Image never returns error as of 1.5.0-alpha, and error values are always nil.
type Image struct {
	// addr holds self to check copying.
	// See strings.Builder for similar examples.
	addr *Image

	// mipmap is a set of shareable.Image sorted by the order of mipmap level.
	// The level 0 image is a regular image and higher-level images are used for mipmap.
	mipmap *mipmap

	bounds   *image.Rectangle
	original *Image

	filter Filter
}

func (i *Image) copyCheck() {
	if i.addr != i {
		panic("ebiten: illegal use of non-zero Image copied by value")
	}
}

// Size returns the size of the image.
func (i *Image) Size() (width, height int) {
	s := i.Bounds().Size()
	return s.X, s.Y
}

func (i *Image) isDisposed() bool {
	return i.mipmap.isDisposed()
}

func (i *Image) isSubimage() bool {
	return i.bounds != nil
}

// Clear resets the pixels of the image into 0.
//
// When the image is disposed, Clear does nothing.
//
// Clear always returns nil as of 1.5.0-alpha.
func (i *Image) Clear() error {
	i.copyCheck()
	if i.isDisposed() {
		return nil
	}

	// TODO: Implement this.
	if i.isSubimage() {
		panic("render to a subimage is not implemented")
	}

	i.fill(0, 0, 0, 0)
	return nil
}

// Fill fills the image with a solid color.
//
// When the image is disposed, Fill does nothing.
//
// Fill always returns nil as of 1.5.0-alpha.
func (i *Image) Fill(clr color.Color) error {
	i.copyCheck()
	if i.isDisposed() {
		return nil
	}

	// TODO: Implement this.
	if i.isSubimage() {
		panic("render to a subimage is not implemented")
	}

	r, g, b, a := clr.RGBA()
	i.fill(uint8(r>>8), uint8(g>>8), uint8(b>>8), uint8(a>>8))
	return nil
}

func (i *Image) fill(r, g, b, a uint8) {
	if r == 0 && g == 0 && b == 0 && a == 0 {
		i.mipmap.original().ReplacePixels(nil)
		i.disposeMipmaps()
		return
	}

	wd, hd := i.Size()

	if wd*hd <= 256 {
		// Prefer ReplacePixels since ReplacePixels can keep the images shared.
		pix := make([]uint8, 4*wd*hd)
		for i := 0; i < wd*hd; i++ {
			pix[4*i] = r
			pix[4*i+1] = g
			pix[4*i+2] = b
			pix[4*i+3] = a
		}
		i.ReplacePixels(pix)
		return
	}

	ws, hs := emptyImage.Size()
	sw := float64(wd) / float64(ws)
	sh := float64(hd) / float64(hs)
	op := &DrawImageOptions{}
	op.GeoM.Scale(sw, sh)
	if a > 0 {
		rf := float64(r) / float64(a)
		gf := float64(g) / float64(a)
		bf := float64(b) / float64(a)
		af := float64(a) / 0xff
		op.ColorM.Translate(rf, gf, bf, af)
	}
	op.CompositeMode = CompositeModeCopy
	op.Filter = FilterNearest
	i.drawImage(emptyImage, op)
}

func (i *Image) disposeMipmaps() {
	if i.isDisposed() {
		panic("not reached")
	}
	i.mipmap.disposeMipmaps()
}

// DrawImage draws the given image on the image i.
//
// DrawImage accepts the options. For details, see the document of DrawImageOptions.
//
// DrawImage determines the part to draw, then DrawImage applies the geometry matrix and the color matrix.
//
// For drawing, the pixels of the argument image at the time of this call is adopted.
// Even if the argument image is mutated after this call,
// the drawing result is never affected.
//
// When the image i is disposed, DrawImage does nothing.
// When the given image img is disposed, DrawImage panics.
//
// When the given image is as same as i, DrawImage panics.
//
// DrawImage works more efficiently as batches
// when the successive calls of DrawImages satisfies the below conditions:
//
//   * All render targets are same (A in A.DrawImage(B, op))
//   * All render sources are same (B in A.DrawImage(B, op))
//     * This is not a strong request since different images might share a same inner
//       OpenGL texture in high possibility. This is not 100%, so using the same render
//       source is safer.
//   * All ColorM values are same, or all the ColorM have only 'scale' operations
//   * All CompositeMode values are same
//   * All Filter values are same
//
// For more performance tips, see https://github.com/hajimehoshi/ebiten/wiki/Performance-Tips.
//
// DrawImage always returns nil as of 1.5.0-alpha.
func (i *Image) DrawImage(img *Image, options *DrawImageOptions) error {
	i.drawImage(img, options)
	return nil
}

func (i *Image) drawImage(img *Image, options *DrawImageOptions) {
	i.copyCheck()
	if img.isDisposed() {
		panic("ebiten: the given image to DrawImage must not be disposed")
	}
	if i.isDisposed() {
		return
	}

	// TODO: Implement this.
	if i.isSubimage() {
		panic("render to a subimage is not implemented")
	}

	// Calculate vertices before locking because the user can do anything in
	// options.ImageParts interface without deadlock (e.g. Call Image functions).
	if options == nil {
		options = &DrawImageOptions{}
	}

	parts := options.ImageParts
	// Parts is deprecated. This implementations is for backward compatibility.
	if parts == nil && options.Parts != nil {
		parts = imageParts(options.Parts)
	}

	// ImageParts is deprecated. This implementations is for backward compatibility.
	if parts != nil {
		l := parts.Len()
		for idx := 0; idx < l; idx++ {
			sx0, sy0, sx1, sy1 := parts.Src(idx)
			dx0, dy0, dx1, dy1 := parts.Dst(idx)
			op := &DrawImageOptions{
				ColorM:        options.ColorM,
				CompositeMode: options.CompositeMode,
			}
			op.GeoM.Scale(
				float64(dx1-dx0)/float64(sx1-sx0),
				float64(dy1-dy0)/float64(sy1-sy0))
			op.GeoM.Translate(float64(dx0), float64(dy0))
			op.GeoM.Concat(options.GeoM)
			i.DrawImage(img.SubImage(image.Rect(sx0, sy0, sx1, sy1)).(*Image), op)
		}
		return
	}

	bounds := img.Bounds()

	// SourceRect is deprecated. This implementation is for backward compatibility.
	if options.SourceRect != nil {
		bounds = bounds.Intersect(*options.SourceRect)
		if bounds.Empty() {
			return
		}
	}

	geom := &options.GeoM
	mode := graphics.CompositeMode(options.CompositeMode)

	filter := graphics.FilterNearest
	if options.Filter != FilterDefault {
		filter = graphics.Filter(options.Filter)
	} else if img.filter != FilterDefault {
		filter = graphics.Filter(img.filter)
	}

	a, b, c, d, tx, ty := geom.elements()

	level := 0
	if filter == graphics.FilterLinear {
		det := geom.det()
		if det == 0 {
			return
		}
		if math.IsNaN(float64(det)) {
			return
		}
		level = graphics.MipmapLevel(det)
		if level < 0 {
			panic("not reached")
		}
	}
	if level > 6 {
		level = 6
	}

	// TODO: Add (*mipmap).drawImage and move the below code.
	colorm := options.ColorM.impl
	cr, cg, cb, ca := float32(1), float32(1), float32(1), float32(1)
	if colorm.ScaleOnly() {
		body, _ := colorm.UnsafeElements()
		cr = body[0]
		cg = body[5]
		cb = body[10]
		ca = body[15]
		colorm = nil
	}

	if level == 0 {
		src := img.mipmap.original()
		vs := src.QuadVertices(bounds.Min.X, bounds.Min.Y, bounds.Max.X, bounds.Max.Y, a, b, c, d, tx, ty, cr, cg, cb, ca)
		is := graphics.QuadIndices()
		i.mipmap.original().DrawImage(src, vs, is, colorm, mode, filter)
	} else if src := img.mipmap.level(bounds, level); src != nil {
		w, h := src.Size()
		s := 1 << uint(level)
		a *= float32(s)
		b *= float32(s)
		c *= float32(s)
		d *= float32(s)
		vs := src.QuadVertices(0, 0, w, h, a, b, c, d, tx, ty, cr, cg, cb, ca)
		is := graphics.QuadIndices()
		i.mipmap.original().DrawImage(src, vs, is, colorm, mode, filter)
	}
	i.disposeMipmaps()
}

// Vertex represents a vertex passed to DrawTriangles.
//
// Note that this API is experimental.
type Vertex struct {
	// DstX and DstY represents a point on a destination image.
	DstX float32
	DstY float32

	// SrcX and SrcY represents a point on a source image.
	SrcX float32
	SrcY float32

	// ColorR/ColorG/ColorB/ColorA represents color scaling values.
	// 1 means the original source image color is used.
	// 0 means a transparent color is used.
	ColorR float32
	ColorG float32
	ColorB float32
	ColorA float32
}

// DrawTrianglesOptions represents options to render triangles on an image.
//
// Note that this API is experimental.
type DrawTrianglesOptions struct {
	// ColorM is a color matrix to draw.
	// The default (zero) value is identity, which doesn't change any color.
	// ColorM is applied before vertex color scale is applied.
	ColorM ColorM

	// CompositeMode is a composite mode to draw.
	// The default (zero) value is regular alpha blending.
	CompositeMode CompositeMode

	// Filter is a type of texture filter.
	// The default (zero) value is FilterDefault.
	Filter Filter
}

// MaxIndicesNum is the maximum number of indices for DrawTriangles.
const MaxIndicesNum = graphics.IndicesNum

// DrawTriangles draws a triangle with the specified vertices and their indices.
//
// If len(indices) is not multiple of 3, DrawTriangles panics.
//
// If len(indices) is more than MaxIndicesNum, DrawTriangles panics.
//
// The rule in which DrawTriangles works effectively is same as DrawImage's.
//
// In contrast to DrawImage, DrawTriangles doesn't care source image edges.
// This means that you might need to add 1px gap on a source region when you render an image by DrawTriangles.
// Note that Ebiten creates texture atlases internally, so you still have to care this even when
// you render a single image.
//
// When the image i is disposed, DrawTriangles does nothing.
//
// Internal mipmap is not used on DrawTriangles.
//
// Note that this API is experimental.
func (i *Image) DrawTriangles(vertices []Vertex, indices []uint16, img *Image, options *DrawTrianglesOptions) {
	i.copyCheck()
	if i.isDisposed() {
		return
	}

	// TODO: Implement this.
	if img.isSubimage() {
		panic("using a subimage at DrawTriangles is not implemented")
	}
	if i.isSubimage() {
		panic("render to a subimage is not implemented")
	}

	if len(indices)%3 != 0 {
		panic("ebiten: len(indices) % 3 must be 0")
	}
	if len(indices) > MaxIndicesNum {
		panic("ebiten: len(indices) must be <= MaxIndicesNum")
	}
	// TODO: Check the maximum value of indices and len(vertices)?

	if options == nil {
		options = &DrawTrianglesOptions{}
	}

	mode := graphics.CompositeMode(options.CompositeMode)

	filter := graphics.FilterNearest
	if options.Filter != FilterDefault {
		filter = graphics.Filter(options.Filter)
	} else if img.filter != FilterDefault {
		filter = graphics.Filter(img.filter)
	}

	vs := make([]float32, len(vertices)*graphics.VertexFloatNum)
	src := img.mipmap.original()
	for idx, v := range vertices {
		src.PutVertex(vs[idx*graphics.VertexFloatNum:(idx+1)*graphics.VertexFloatNum], float32(v.DstX), float32(v.DstY), v.SrcX, v.SrcY, v.ColorR, v.ColorG, v.ColorB, v.ColorA)
	}
	i.mipmap.original().DrawImage(img.mipmap.original(), vs, indices, options.ColorM.impl, mode, filter)
	i.disposeMipmaps()
}

// SubImage returns an image representing the portion of the image p visible through r. The returned value shares pixels with the original image.
//
// The returned value is always *ebiten.Image.
//
// If the image is disposed, SubImage returns nil.
//
// In the current Ebiten implementation, SubImage is available only as a rendering source.
func (i *Image) SubImage(r image.Rectangle) image.Image {
	i.copyCheck()
	if i.isDisposed() {
		return nil
	}

	img := &Image{
		mipmap: i.mipmap,
		filter: i.filter,
	}

	// Keep the original image's reference not to dispose that by GC.
	if i.isSubimage() {
		img.original = i.original
	} else {
		img.original = i
	}

	img.addr = img
	runtime.SetFinalizer(img, (*Image).Dispose)

	r = r.Intersect(img.Bounds())
	// Need to check Empty explicitly. See the standard image package implementations.
	if r.Empty() {
		img.bounds = &image.ZR
	} else {
		img.bounds = &r
	}
	return img
}

// Bounds returns the bounds of the image.
func (i *Image) Bounds() image.Rectangle {
	if i.bounds == nil {
		w, h := i.mipmap.original().Size()
		return image.Rect(0, 0, w, h)
	}
	return *i.bounds
}

// ColorModel returns the color model of the image.
func (i *Image) ColorModel() color.Model {
	return color.RGBAModel
}

// At returns the color of the image at (x, y).
//
// At loads pixels from GPU to system memory if necessary, which means that At can be slow.
//
// At always returns a transparent color if the image is disposed.
//
// Note that important logic should not rely on At result since
// At might include a very slight error on some machines.
//
// At can't be called before the main loop (ebiten.Run) starts (as of version 1.4.0-alpha).
func (i *Image) At(x, y int) color.Color {
	if i.isDisposed() {
		return color.RGBA{}
	}
	if i.bounds != nil && !image.Pt(x, y).In(*i.bounds) {
		return color.RGBA{}
	}
	return i.mipmap.original().At(x, y)
}

// Dispose disposes the image data. After disposing, most of image functions do nothing and returns meaningless values.
//
// Dispose is useful to save memory.
//
// When the image is disposed, Dipose does nothing.
//
// Dipose always return nil as of 1.5.0-alpha.
func (i *Image) Dispose() error {
	i.copyCheck()
	if i.isDisposed() {
		return nil
	}
	if !i.isSubimage() {
		i.mipmap.dispose()
	}
	runtime.SetFinalizer(i, nil)
	return nil
}

// ReplacePixels replaces the pixels of the image with p.
//
// The given p must represent RGBA pre-multiplied alpha values. len(p) must equal to 4 * (image width) * (image height).
//
// ReplacePixels may be slow (as for implementation, this calls glTexSubImage2D).
//
// When len(p) is not appropriate, ReplacePixels panics.
//
// When the image is disposed, ReplacePixels does nothing.
//
// ReplacePixels always returns nil as of 1.5.0-alpha.
func (i *Image) ReplacePixels(p []byte) error {
	i.copyCheck()
	if i.isDisposed() {
		return nil
	}
	// TODO: Implement this.
	if i.isSubimage() {
		panic("render to a subimage is not implemented")
	}
	s := i.Bounds().Size()
	if l := 4 * s.X * s.Y; len(p) != l {
		panic(fmt.Sprintf("ebiten: len(p) was %d but must be %d", len(p), l))
	}
	i.mipmap.original().ReplacePixels(p)
	i.disposeMipmaps()
	return nil
}

// A DrawImageOptions represents options to render an image on an image.
type DrawImageOptions struct {
	// GeoM is a geometry matrix to draw.
	// The default (zero) value is identify, which draws the image at (0, 0).
	GeoM GeoM

	// ColorM is a color matrix to draw.
	// The default (zero) value is identity, which doesn't change any color.
	ColorM ColorM

	// CompositeMode is a composite mode to draw.
	// The default (zero) value is regular alpha blending.
	CompositeMode CompositeMode

	// Filter is a type of texture filter.
	// The default (zero) value is FilterDefault.
	//
	// Filter can also be specified at NewImage* functions, but
	// specifying filter at DrawImageOptions is recommended (as of 1.7.0-alpha).
	//
	// If both Filter specified at NewImage* and DrawImageOptions are FilterDefault,
	// FilterNearest is used.
	// If either is FilterDefault and the other is not, the latter is used.
	// Otherwise, Filter specified at DrawImageOptions is used.
	Filter Filter

	// Deprecated (as of 1.5.0-alpha): Use SubImage instead.
	ImageParts ImageParts

	// Deprecated (as of 1.1.0-alpha): Use SubImage instead.
	Parts []ImagePart

	// Deprecated (as of 1.9.0-alpha): Use SubImage instead.
	SourceRect *image.Rectangle
}

// NewImage returns an empty image.
//
// If width or height is less than 1 or more than device-dependent maximum size, NewImage panics.
//
// filter argument is just for backward compatibility.
// If you are not sure, specify FilterDefault.
//
// Error returned by NewImage is always nil as of 1.5.0-alpha.
func NewImage(width, height int, filter Filter) (*Image, error) {
	s := shareable.NewImage(width, height)
	i := &Image{
		mipmap: newMipmap(s),
		filter: filter,
	}
	i.addr = i
	runtime.SetFinalizer(i, (*Image).Dispose)
	return i, nil
}

// newVolatileImage returns an empty 'volatile' image.
// A volatile image is always cleared at the start of a frame.
//
// This is suitable for offscreen images that pixels are changed often.
//
// Pixels in regular non-volatile images are saved at each end of a frame if the image
// is changed, and restored automatically from the saved pixels on GL context lost.
// On the other hand, pixels in volatile images are not saved.
// Saving pixels is an expensive operation, and it is desirable to avoid it if possible.
//
// Note that volatile images are internal only and will never be source of drawing.
//
// If width or height is less than 1 or more than device-dependent maximum size, newVolatileImage panics.
func newVolatileImage(width, height int) *Image {
	i := &Image{
		mipmap: newMipmap(shareable.NewVolatileImage(width, height)),
	}
	i.addr = i
	runtime.SetFinalizer(i, (*Image).Dispose)
	return i
}

// NewImageFromImage creates a new image with the given image (source).
//
// If source's width or height is less than 1 or more than device-dependent maximum size, NewImageFromImage panics.
//
// filter argument is just for backward compatibility.
// If you are not sure, specify FilterDefault.
//
// Error returned by NewImageFromImage is always nil as of 1.5.0-alpha.
func NewImageFromImage(source image.Image, filter Filter) (*Image, error) {
	size := source.Bounds().Size()

	width, height := size.X, size.Y

	s := shareable.NewImage(width, height)
	i := &Image{
		mipmap: newMipmap(s),
		filter: filter,
	}
	i.addr = i
	runtime.SetFinalizer(i, (*Image).Dispose)

	_ = i.ReplacePixels(graphics.CopyImage(source))
	return i, nil
}

func newImageWithScreenFramebuffer(width, height int) *Image {
	i := &Image{
		mipmap: newMipmap(shareable.NewScreenFramebufferImage(width, height)),
		filter: FilterDefault,
	}
	i.addr = i
	runtime.SetFinalizer(i, (*Image).Dispose)
	return i
}

// MaxImageSize is deprecated as of 1.7.0-alpha. No replacement so far.
//
// TODO: Make this replacement (#541)
var MaxImageSize = 4096