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Does Nutrient Sensing Determine How We “See” Food?

  • Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance (RM Watanabe, Section Editor)
  • Published:
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Abstract

The ability to “see” both incoming and circulating nutrients plays an essential role in the maintenance of energy homeostasis. As such, nutrient-sensing mechanisms in both the gastrointestinal tract and the brain have been implicated in the regulation of energy intake and glucose homeostasis. The intestinal wall is able to differentiate individual nutrients through sensory machinery expressed in the mucosa and provide feedback signals, via local gut peptide action, to maintain energy balance. Furthermore, both the hypothalamus and hindbrain detect circulating nutrients and respond by controlling energy intake and glucose levels. Conversely, nutrient sensing in the intestine plays a role in stimulating food intake and preferences. In this review, we highlight the emerging evidence for the regulation of energy balance through nutrient-sensing mechanisms in the intestine and the brain, and how disruption of these pathways could result in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes.

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Acknowledgments

The authors would like to thank Dr. Tony Lam for the opportunity and generous guidance during the writing process. SCH is supported by a Canadian graduate scholarship from Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada and a Banting and Best Diabetes Center graduate studentship. FAD is a Banting fellow.

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Conflict of Interest

Sophie C. Hamr, Beini Wang, Timothy D. Swartz, and Frank A. Duca declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Human and Animal Rights and Informed Consent

This article does not contain any studies with human or animal subjects performed by any of the authors.

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  1. Timothy D. Swartz

    Present address: Danone Nutricia Research, RD 128 Avenue de la Vauve, Palaiseau, 91767, France

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Canada

    Sophie C. Hamr & Beini Wang

  2. Toronto General Research Institute and Department of Medicine, UHN, MaRS Centre, 101 College Street, Toronto Medical Discovery Tower, 10th floor, Room 701, Toronto, Ontario, M5G 1L7, Canada

    Sophie C. Hamr, Beini Wang & Frank A. Duca

  3. INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, Paris, 75014, France

    Timothy D. Swartz

Authors
  1. Sophie C. Hamr
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  2. Beini Wang
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  4. Frank A. Duca
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Correspondence to Frank A. Duca.

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This article is part of the Topical Collection on Pathogenesis of Type 2 Diabetes and Insulin Resistance

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Hamr, S.C., Wang, B., Swartz, T.D. et al. Does Nutrient Sensing Determine How We “See” Food?. Curr Diab Rep 15, 38 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11892-015-0604-7

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