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  2. Springer Seminars in Immunopathology
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Th1/Th2 balance in infection

  • Published: December 1999
  • Volume 21, pages 317–338, (1999)
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Th1/Th2 balance in infection
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  • Carmen Infante-Duarte1 &
  • Thomas Kamradt1,2 

  • 1566 Accesses

  • 116 Citations

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Abstract

Cytokines produced by T helper (Th) cells are of critical importance for the outcome of many infectious diseases. Producing the “right” set of Cyokines in response to an infectious agent can be a matter of life or death. The Th1/Th2 dichotomy, although an oversimplification has proven useful in the analysis of immune responses to infections. In some infectious diseases, most notably leishmaniasis or infections with gastrointestinal helminths, one Th subset is indispensable for clearing the infection, whereas the opposite Th subset is detrimental. More frequently, both Th1 and Th2 responses are required at different time points to effectively eradicate an infectious agent. The granuloma responses to eitherMycobacterium tuberculosis orSchistosoma mansoni provide illustrative examples and are discussed in this review. There is accumulating evidence for frequent coexpression of Th1 and Th2 Cyokines during the in vivo immune response to infections. The mechanisms by which infectious agents modulate Th1/Th2 phenotype development are summarized here. Finally, we review here the current evidence for cytokine imbalances induced by infections as pathogenic or protective factors in autoimmunity and allergy.

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  1. Deutsches Rheumaforschungszentrum Berlin, Monbijoustrasse 2, D-10117, Berlin, Germany

    Carmen Infante-Duarte & Thomas Kamradt

  2. Medizinische Klinik m.S. Rheumatologie/Klinische Immunologie, Universitatsklinikum Charité, D-10098, Berlin, Germany

    Thomas Kamradt

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Infante-Duarte, C., Kamradt, T. Th1/Th2 balance in infection. Springer Semin Immunopathol 21, 317–338 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00812260

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Keywords

  • Immune Response
  • Internal Medicine
  • Infectious Disease
  • Tuberculosis
  • Protective Factor
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