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A Review of Mosquitoes Associated with Rift Valley Fever Virus in Madagascar

Luciano M. Tantely Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur of Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar; Institut Pasteur of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia

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Sébastien Boyer Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur of Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar; Institut Pasteur of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia

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Didier Fontenille Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur of Madagascar, Antananarivo, Madagascar; Institut Pasteur of Cambodia, Phnom Penh, Kingdom of Cambodia

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Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a viral zoonotic disease occurring throughout Africa, the Arabian Peninsula, and Madagascar. The disease is caused by a Phlebovirus (RVF virus [RVFV]) transmitted to vertebrate hosts through the bite of infected mosquitoes. In Madagascar, the first RVFV circulation was reported in 1979 based on detection in mosquitoes but without epidemic episode. Subsequently, two outbreaks occurred: the first along the east coast and in the central highlands in 1990 and 1991 and the most recent along the northern and eastern coasts and in the central highlands in 2008 and 2009. Despite the presence of 24 mosquitoes species potentially associated with RVFV transmission in Madagascar, little associated entomological information is available. In this review, we list the RVFV vector, Culex antennatus, as well as other taxa as candidate vector species. We discuss risk factors from an entomological perspective for the re-emergence of RVF in Madagascar.

Author Notes

* Address correspondence to Luciano M. Tantely, Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Ambatofotsikely, BP 1274, Antananarivo 101, Madagascar. E-mail: lucinambi@pasteur.mg

Financial support: This study was conducted as part of the research project entitled “Rift Valley fever in the Indian Ocean Islands” (RIFT-OI) on emerging infectious diseases transmitted by arthropod vectors in the geographical area of the Indian Ocean financed by the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar and the Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies emergentes dans l'Ocean Indien.

Authors' addresses: Luciano M. Tantely and Sébastien Boyer, Medical Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, BP 1274, Avaradoha, Antananarivo (101), Madagascar, E-mails: lucinambi@pasteur.mg and seboyer@pasteur.mg. Didier Fontenille, Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement 224-Centre Nationale de Recherche Scientifique 5290-Université de Montpellier), BP 64501, 34394 Montpellier Cedex 5, France, E-mail: didier.fontenille@ird.fr.

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