MOSH Syndrome (Male Obesity Secondary Hypogonadism): Clinical Assessment and Possible Therapeutic Approaches
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Analysis of Blood Samples
2.2. Anthropometric Measurements
2.3. Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
2.4. Questionnaires
2.5. Nutritional Intervention
2.6. Physical Activity Program
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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(1) Demographic and Anthropometrical Parameters: | |
Age (years) | 46.6 ± 14 (min 25; max 63) |
BMI (kg/m2) | 36.2 ± 7.6 (min 26.9; max 51.5) |
(2) Blood Parameters: | |
Total Testosterone (ng/dL) | 300.2 ± 79.5 |
17-Beta Estradiol (pg/mL) | 48.3 ± 14.9 |
TT/E2 | 68.6 ± 32.6 |
LH (mIU/mL) | 6.2 ± 1.2 |
SHBG (nmol/L) | 21.5 ± 8.8 |
Prolactin (ng/mL) | 11.9 ± 2.7 |
HOMAi | 4.1 ± 2.3 |
25-OH vitamin D (ng/mL) | 11.3 ± 7.4 |
ColT/HDL | 4.6 ± 1.2 |
LDL/HDL | 3.1 ± 1.1 |
TG/HDL | 2.7 ± 0.9 |
Body Composition Parameters | Baseline | After 10% Weight Loss | p Value | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Weight (kg) | 109.3 ± 20.5 | 100.8 ± 19.6 | 0.0001 | 0.6; 8.0 |
BMI (kg/m2) | 36.2 ± 7.6 | 33.4 ± 7.4 | 0.0001 | 0.5; 1.7 |
WHR | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 0.052 | 0.01; 0.00 |
Total FM% | 39.2 ± 6.4 | 36.2 ± 5.8 | 0.0001 | 22.5; 62.3 |
Android FM% | 51.5 ± 6.8 | 47.6 ± 6.8 | 0.001 | 0.6; 1.8 |
Gynoid FM% | 39.2 ± 6.2 | 36.5 ± 6.3 | 0.0001 | 0.9; 2.0 |
FM L2-L5 (kg) | 7.33 ± 2.7 | 6.0 ± 2.4 | 0.0001 | 0.4; 1.8 |
Total FM (kg) | 42.3 ± 11.8 | 36.8 ± 9.9 | 0.0001 | 0.1; −0.3 |
Total FFM (kg) | 62.3 ± 8.2 | 60.3 ± 7.7 | 0.002 | 45.0; 93.0 |
A/G | 1.29 ± 0.08 | 1.31 ± 0.09 | 0.784 | 22.1; 86.9 |
BMD (g/cm2) | 1.4 ± 0.5 | 1.4 ± 0.4 | 0.359 | 0.1; −0.3 |
Patient Group | |||
---|---|---|---|
Baseline (%) | After 10% Weight Loss (%) | p (McNemar’s Test) | |
Prevalence of food addiction | 54.5 | 9.1 | 0.063 |
Prevalence of every symptom: | |||
A. Substance taken in larger amount and for a longer period than intended | 36.4 | 0 | 0.125 |
B. Persistent desire or repeated unsuccessful attempt to quit | 36.4 | 54.5 | 0.500 |
C. Much time/activity required to obtain, use, and recover | 18.2 | 27.3 | 0.500 |
D. Important social, occupational, or recreational activities given up or reduced | 54.5 | 18.2 | 0.250 |
E. Use continues despite knowledge of adverse consequences | 27.3 | 9.1 | 0.063 |
F. Tolerance | 18.2 | 0 | 0.500 |
G. Withdrawal | 9.1 | 0 | 1 |
H. Clinically significant impairment | 36.4 | 9.1 | 0.250 |
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De Lorenzo, A.; Noce, A.; Moriconi, E.; Rampello, T.; Marrone, G.; Di Daniele, N.; Rovella, V. MOSH Syndrome (Male Obesity Secondary Hypogonadism): Clinical Assessment and Possible Therapeutic Approaches. Nutrients 2018, 10, 474. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10040474
De Lorenzo A, Noce A, Moriconi E, Rampello T, Marrone G, Di Daniele N, Rovella V. MOSH Syndrome (Male Obesity Secondary Hypogonadism): Clinical Assessment and Possible Therapeutic Approaches. Nutrients. 2018; 10(4):474. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10040474
Chicago/Turabian StyleDe Lorenzo, Antonino, Annalisa Noce, Eleonora Moriconi, Tiziana Rampello, Giulia Marrone, Nicola Di Daniele, and Valentina Rovella. 2018. "MOSH Syndrome (Male Obesity Secondary Hypogonadism): Clinical Assessment and Possible Therapeutic Approaches" Nutrients 10, no. 4: 474. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10040474
APA StyleDe Lorenzo, A., Noce, A., Moriconi, E., Rampello, T., Marrone, G., Di Daniele, N., & Rovella, V. (2018). MOSH Syndrome (Male Obesity Secondary Hypogonadism): Clinical Assessment and Possible Therapeutic Approaches. Nutrients, 10(4), 474. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10040474