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Attenuation of neurological injury with early baicalein treatment following subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats

Laboratory investigation

Chang-Po Kuo Department of Anesthesiology,

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 M.D.
,
Li-Li Wen Department of Clinical Laboratory, En Chu Kong Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan, Republic of China;

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 Ph.D.
,
Chun-Mei Chen Department of Anesthesiology,

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 M.S.
,
Billy Huh Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina; and

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 M.D., Ph.D.
,
Chen-Hwan Cherng Department of Anesthesiology,

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 M.D., Ph.D.
,
Chih-Shung Wong Department of Anesthesiology, Cathay General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China

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 M.D., Ph.D.
,
Wen-Jinn Liaw Department of Anesthesiology,

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 M.D., Ph.D.
,
Chun-Chang Yeh Department of Anesthesiology,

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 M.D.
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Bo-Feng Lin Department of Anesthesiology,
Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei;

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 M.D.
, and
Ching-Tang Wu Department of Anesthesiology,

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 M.D.
Page Range:
1028–1037
Volume/Issue:
Volume 119: Issue 4
DOI link:
https://doi.org/10.3171/2013.4.JNS121919
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Baicalein has been shown to offer neuroprotection in the ischemic brain, but its effect in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is unknown. The authors used a double-hemorrhage model to study the role of early baicalein treatment in SAH.

Methods

Subarachnoid hemorrhage was induced in male Wistar rats through a repeat injection of autologous blood at a 48-hour interval. Rats subjected or not subjected to SAH received a 30-mg/kg baicalein injection 3 hours after SAH and daily for 6 consecutive days, and results were compared with those obtained in vehicle-treated control rats. Mortality of the rats was recorded. Neurological outcome was assessed daily. Cerebrospinal fluid dialysates were collected and examined for glutamate concentrations. Cerebral vasospasm (CVS), brain water content, neuron variability, expression of glutamate transporter–1 (GLT-1), immunoreactivity of astrocyte, and level of malondialdehyde, activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase in brain tissues content were determined on post-SAH Day 7.

Results

Mortality rate, neuronal degeneration, brain water content, and CVS were decreased and neurological function improved in the baicalein-treated rats. Baicalein increased astrocyte activity and preserved GLT-1, which attenuated the glutamate surge after SAH. Baicalein also provided antioxidative stress by preserving activities of SOD and catalase and decreased malondialdehydelevel after SAH. The glutamate, body weight, neurological scores, and glial fibrillary acidic protein activity were significantly correlated. The CVS was correlated with neuronal degeneration, and GLT-1 was correlated with oxidative stress.

Conclusions

Early baicalein treatment attenuated CVS and limited neurological injury following SAH. These data may indicate clinical utility for baicalein as an adjunct therapy to reduce brain injury and improve patient outcomes.

Abbreviations used in this paper:

BA = basilar artery ; CVS = cerebral vasospasm ; DG = dentate gyrus ; DMSO = dimethyl sulfoxide ; GFAP = glial fibrillary acidic protein ; GLT-1 = glutamate transporter–1 ; MDA = malondialdehyde ; PBS = phosphate-buffered saline ; SAH = subarachnoid hemorrhage ; SOD = superoxide dismutase .
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Contributor Notes

Address correspondence to: Ching-Tang Wu, M.D., Department of Anesthesiology, National Defense Medical Center and Tri-Service General Hospital, #325, Section 2, Chenggung Road, Neihu 114, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China. email: aneswu@gmail.com.

Please include this information when citing this paper: published online May 31, 2013; DOI: 10.3171/2013.4.JNS121919.

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