Outer Membrane Vesicles Derived from Escherichia coli Up-Regulate Expression of Endothelial Cell Adhesion Molecules In Vitro and In Vivo
Figure 4
Role of TLR4 in endothelial ICAM-1 expression and pulmonary neutrophil infiltration by E. coli OMVs
. C57BL/6 wild-type and TLR4-/- mice were intraperitoneally administered with PBS or E. coli OMVs (15 µg in total protein/mouse). Three hours after the administration, the lungs were harvested (n = 3). A. Immunohistochemistry with confocal microscopy of ICAM-1 (green), endothelial cell marker CD31 (red), and nuclei (blue) in the lungs (scale bars, 50 µm). White arrows indicate ICAM-1 positive endothelial cells. B. The quantitative analysis of ICAM-1/CD31 co-localization. C. The number of neutrophils per field was determined as described in Figure 3D and 3E. **P<0.01; ***P<0.001. Results are represented as means ± SEM.